Philosophy and Logic in Search of the Polish Tradition: Essays in Honour of Jan Woleński on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday PDF
Preview Philosophy and Logic in Search of the Polish Tradition: Essays in Honour of Jan Woleński on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday
PHILOSOPHYAND LOGIC IN SEARCH OFTHE POLISHTRADITION SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editor-in-Chief' VINCENT F.HENDRICKS, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark JOHN SYMONS, University ofTexas at Ei Paso, U.SA Honorary Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.SA Editors: DIRKVANDALEN, University 0/Utrecht,TheNetherlands THEOAF. KUIPERS, University 0/Groningen, TheNetherlands TEDDY SEIDENFELD, CamegieMellon University,Pittsburgh,PA, U.SA PATRICKSUPPES, Stanford University, Califomia, U.S.A. JAN WOLENSKI,Jagiellonian University,Krak6w,Poland VOLUME323 PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC IN SEARCH OF THE POLISH TRADITION Essays in Honour of Jan Wolenski on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday edited by JAAKKO HINTIKKA Boston University, Boston, U.SA TADEUSZ CZARNECKI Jagiellonian University, Cracow,Poland KATARZYNA KIJANIA-PLACEK Jagiellonian University, Cracow,Poland TOMASZ PLACEK Jagiellonian University, Cracow,Poland and ARTUR ROJSZCZAKt Jagiellonian University, Cracow,Poland Springer-Seience-Business Media, B.Y. AC.I.P.Cataloguerecord forthis bookisavailable from the Library ofCongress. ISBN978-90-481-6471-4 ISBN978-94-017-0249-2(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-94-017-0249-2 Printed onacid-free paper AllRights Reserved ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2003 OriginallypublishedbyKluwerAcademicPublishersin2003. Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2003 Nopartofthis workmay bereproduced, stored inaretrieval system,ortransmitted inanyform orbyanymeans,electronic, mechanical, photocopying,microfilming,recording orotherwise, without written permissionfrom thePublisher, with theexception ofanymaterial supplied specifically forthepurpose ofbeing entered andexecuted onacomputersystem, forexclusive usebythepurchaserofthe work. Contents Preface vii PartI Truth AMinimalistCritiqueofTarskionTruth 3 PaulHorwich IsStrongCorrespondence(TheoryofTruth)Possible? 13 PavelMatema ContentandLikenessDefinitionsofTruthlikeness 27 IlkkaNiiniluoto AbsoluteTruthinaChanging World 37 PeterSimons PartII LogicandSemantics OntheEpistemologyofGame-theoreticalSemantics 57 Jaakko Hintikka CanMajoritybeSupervalued? 67 Katarzyna Kijania-Placek OnBelnap'sBranchingSpace-Times 77 TomaszPlacek PartiallyInterpretedHenkinQuantifiers 93 Gabriel Sandu TarskiandLesniewskionLanguageswithMeaning versusLanguageswithoutUse 109 GöranSundholm Partm HistoryofLogicandPhilosophy AjdukiewiczonLanguageChangeandTruth 131 TadeuszCzamecki vi PHILOSOPHYANDLOGIC. INSEARCHOFTHEPOLISHTRADITION AlfredTarskiandaWatershedMeetinginLogic:Comell, 1957 151 SolomonFeferman OnThinkingabouttheMentalandthePhysical 163 HerbenHochberg BemardBolzano's'Wissenschafts/ehre' andPolishAnalyticalPhilosophy between1894and1935 179 WolfgangKünne Dispositions,TheirBasesandCorrelates-Meinong'sAnalysis 193 KevinMulligan ReactionstotheDiscoveryoftheIncompletenessPhenomenon 213 RomanMurawski Truthmakers,TruthbearersandtheObjectivityofTruth 229 ArturRojszczakt,BarrySmith TheExtensionoftheConceptAbolished?ReflexionsonaFregeanDilemma 269 ChristianThiel SelectedBibliographyofJanWoleriski'sWorks 275 IndexofNames 287 Preface Onthe occasion of bis sixtieth birthday, we dedicate this volume to Jan Wo leriski-s-ourteacher,ourcolleague, ourfriend. Both of us are particularly indebted to Jan not only with regards to profes sional matters,but some privateones aswell. Hence, wehope that heforgives us an occasional lapse into fondness and affection. That said, may the list of bis personalmerits remain shrouded in mystery; rather than unveil them, we open here by appraising Jan's presence from abroaderperspective. Tonote thatJanwasnot alwaysapartofourliveswould notevokesurprise. However,to imagine the Institute ofPbilosophy on GrodzkaStreet orKrakow pbilosophy without him initwould beaharder task-atleast forus, Nonethe less, wedo rememberthe days when he wascommuting to Krakow as aguest lecturer. Is there anything about those days which particularly comes to mind? To shedlight on the story which follows, one must begin by stating that the early 1980s when we were studying philosophy was not a bright period. The great mastersofKrakowphilosophy-Ingarden,Mehlberg, Zawirski,orDambska-> were either dead or, for political reasons, kept silent. The years following Martial Law (1981-1983) were intellectually very blighted and barren. In the midst of allthis we were attending Jan's course on general methodology. One day we were shocked to hear him list Polish philosophers whose names were completely unfamiliarandunknown to anyof us-Lukasiewicz,Ajdukiewicz, Tarski,Twardowski,Zawirski, Lesniewski, Kotarbiriski,Czezowski,andmore. Inafewdays wewould be taking anexam on Polish philosophy with adiffer entprofessor; inpreparation wehadbeen disentangling (tolittleavail)thedoc trines ofthe Polish post-Hegelians and messianists-those ofHoene-Wroiski, Cieszkowski, Trentowski, Libelt, Goluchowski, et al. Facing the new ones given by Jan, it seemed our prospects for passing the final would be bleak. In despair, someone cried out, "Must there always be so many messianists inthis country?" YetJan dispelled our apprehensions by explaining that these newphilosophersbelongedtoneitherofthetwocategories which weassumed. Suddenly itdawned onusthat,for someodd reason,wenot onlydid notknow viii PHILOSOPHYANDLOGIC. INSEARCHOFTHEPOL/SHTRADITION but would not even be required to know about the pbilosophy of the Lvov Warsaw School. This fact alone-the fact that there were other traditions in Polish philosophy besides messianism and phenomenology-was adiscovery in and ofitself. Howodd and amazing that, ifnot forJan Woleiski, wewould likely havenever heard about theLvov-WarsawSchool, nor read the works of its members. Without his teaching of the pbilosophy of language, we would hardly havetouched upon Frege, Russell, or Kripke. Moreover, epistemology, as he teaches it, is expressed in everyday,contemporary language. Before he joined us here, much of Krakow's epistemology was devoted to analysis of Kant's Critiques. To put all this in some personal and temporal perspective, let us mention some facts from Jan's biography. Although born in Radom on 21 September 1940, he lived in Krakow for most of bis life. It was here that, in 1958, he enrolled in law studies atthe Jagiellonian University. Twoyears later he be gan pbilosophy as weIl. In 1963 he was appointed an assistant professor in theDepartmentofState andLaw,and fiveyears later hedefended hisdoctoral dissertation, Linguistic philosophy and contemporary analytic jurisprudence inthe UnitedKingdom, under the supervision ofProfessor Kazimierz Opalek. By 1972he hadbeen granted bishabilitation onthebasis ofhis work,Logical ProblemsinInterpretations ofLaw. Asof 1974hewasworking intheInstitute of Social Seiences atthe Academy of Mining and Metallurgy while lecturing on the philosophy of science atthe Institute of Pbilosophy at the Jagiellonian University. It wasin 1979thatJan moved from Krakowto Wrodaw wherehe commencedteaching inthe Institute ofSocial Seiences ofWrodaw Polytech nical University. Yet after Martial Law was declared in December 1981, Jan became ac tively engaged in the anti-communist underground opposition, editing the un derground bulletin Riposta. Quite likely this was the reason for his radically abbreviated term (only four months) in officeasthedirector of theInstitute of Social Sciences. Infact,in 1982hewasissued atemporary ban onlecturing at the Wrodawinstitution. In 1988,thanks to the support and intervention of bis Krakow colleagues and friends, Jan Woleiski gained apermanent position in theInstitute ofPhilosophy attheJagiellonian University. Itwasin 1990thathe wasawarded thetitle ofprofessorordinarius andfouryears later hewasmade thechairof the newlycreated DepartmentofEpistemology. Turning now to the fruits of his research and studies, since the 1980s Jan Wolenskihas taken anactivepartininternational philosophy through bis pub lications, bis participation in and organization of philosophical conferences, bis work on the editorial boards of several learned journals and on the com mittees of scholarly organizations. He is one of the fiveeditors of Kluwer's Synthese Library andhas been onthe editorial board ofStudia Logica (1987 1993), Synthese (since 1990), The Monist (since 1993), Studies in Eastem PREFACE ix European Thought (since 1993), and Axiomathes (since 1992). He has been Presidentofthe Polish Society ofLogicand the Philosophy of Science (1999 2002), and is a member of many other academic societies, inc1uding the Pol ish Philosophical Society, Polish Mathematical Society, AmericanMathemat ical Society, Aristotelian Society, and the Institut Wiener Kreis. Among the conferences which he has organized or coorganized have been The Legacy 0/ Brentano (Krakow, 1994); The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Phi losophy (Lvov and Warsaw, 1994); and Alfred Tarski and the Vienna Circle (Vienna, 1997). Jan Woleiski has achieved success as a teacher and advisor, encompassing supervision of fourteen doctoral dissertations. It is interesting to note that among his graduates are professors of philosophy as well as of law. It was Jan Woleriski's initiative-presented at the 10th International Con gress ofLogic, Methodology, and the Philosophy ofScience-to organizethe subsequentmeetingin Krakow. These symposiaare importantevents for logi cians, philosophers ofscience, and analytical philosophers; AlfredTarski was oneofthefounding fathers ofthe firstsuch conference. The 1999Krakow con gress that Jan Woll:nski and his coworkers coordinated has been acc1aimed agreat successand significantpromotionofPolish philosophy-so veryneeded adecade after the fall ofcommunism. AlistofJan's publications would demonstrate variety and abundance. Hun dreds of research papers, dozens of edited volumes, several translations, re views,polemics,discussions,essaysandeditorials, and aphorisms. One theme which will perhaps always be associated with his name is that of the history oftheLvov-Warsaw SchooI. Jan Woleiski deserves specialcreditfor popular izing that School in Poland and for presenting its achievements abroad. This latter task has been accomplished through aseries of translations (his own or supervisedby hirn), and through conferences devoted to the subject. Itisnotuptoustoassess which parts ofJan's legacy are more orless signif icant. In any case, he hirnselfhas recently performed such an evaluation in the form of two volumes of selected articles,' Therefore, we will instead attempt todelineate some strands running through and the consistent methodology ap plied in his works. From the very outset, Jan Woleiski's research has taken on the form of semantic and logical analysis of language. However, since his initial educa tion was as a lawyer and subsequently as a philosopher, in the first stage of his career (1968-1982) he analyzed the language of law and the logical is sues to which it gives rise. This line of study resulted in three books: Log icalProblems in Interpretations 0/Law (in Polish); Issues in the Analytical Philosophy 0/Law (in Polish),' and Introduction to the Science 0/Law (with M. Borucka-Arctowa, in Polish).4 In those years he also wrote a number of papers on the philosophy oflaw-manyofthem co-authoredby ProfessorKa-
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