Philosophies and Practices of Emancipatory Nursing This anthology presents the philosophical and practice perspectives of nurse scholars whose works center on promoting nursing research, practice, and education within frameworks of social justice and critical theories. Social justice nursing is defi ned by the editors as nursing practice that is emancipa- tory and rests on the principle of praxis, which is practice aimed at attaining social justice goals and outcomes that improve health experiences and con- ditions of individuals, their communities, and society. There is a lack in the nursing discipline of resources that contain praxis approaches and there is a need for new concepts, models, and theories that could encompass schol- arship and practice aimed at purposive reformation of nursing, other health professions, and health care systems. Chapters bridge critical theoretical frameworks and nursing science in ways that are understandable and useful for practicing nurses and other health professionals in clinical settings, in academia, and in research. In this book, nurses’ ideas and knowledge development efforts are not limited to problems and solutions emerging from the dominant discourse or traditions. The authors offer innovative ways to work towards estab- lishing alternative forms of knowledge, capable of capturing both the roots and complexity of contemporary problems as distributed across a diver- sity of people and communities. It fi lls a signifi cant gap in the literature and makes an exceptional contribution as a collection of new writings from some of the foremost nursing scholars whose works are informed by critical frameworks. Paula N. Kagan is an associate professor at DePaul University, Chicago. Marlaine C. Smith is Dean and Helen K. Persson Eminent Scholar at the Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing at Florida Atlantic University. Peggy L. Chinn is the founding editor of A dvances in Nursing Science, which since 1978 has been a premier journal publishing cutting-edge scholarship in nursing. Routledge Studies in Health and Social Welfare 1 Researching Trust and Health 7 Transnational Social Support Edited by Julie Brownlie, Alexandra Edited by Adrienne Chambon, Greene and Alexandra Howson Wolfgang Schröer and Cornelia Schweppe 2 Health, Illness and Culture Broken Narratives 8 The Transformation of Edited by Lars-Christer Hydén and Contemporary Health Care Jens Brockmeier The Market, the Laboratory, and the Forum 3 Biopolitics and the ‘Obesity Tiago Moreira Epidemic’ Governing Bodies 9 Children with Gender Identity Edited by Jan Wright & Valerie Disorder Harwood A Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Analysis 4 Globalization and Health Simona Giordano Pathways, Evidence and Policy Edited by Ronald Labonté, Ted Schrecker, Corinne Packer, Vivien 10 Social Housing in Transition Runnels Countries Edited by József Hegedüs, Martin 5 Gender Equity in Health Lux and Nóra Teller The Shifting Frontiers of Evidence and Action 11 Philosophies and Practices of Edited by Gita Sen and Piroska Emancipatory Nursing Östlin Social Justice as Praxis Edited by Paula N. Kagan, 6 Perspectives on Care at Home for Marlaine C. Smith, and Older People Peggy L. Chinn Edited by Christine Ceci, Kristín Björnsdóttir and Mary Ellen Purkis Philosophies and Practices of Emancipatory Nursing Social Justice as Praxis Edited by Paula N. Kagan, Marlaine C. Smith, and Peggy L. Chinn First published 2014 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Philosophies and practices of emancipatory nursing : social justice as praxis / edited by Paula N. Kagan, Marlaine C. Smith, Peggy L. Chinn. — 1st Edition. pages cm. — (Routledge studies in health and social welfare ; 11) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Social service—Research. 2. Nursing—Social aspects. 3. Social justice. 4. Critical theory. I. Kagan, Paula N., editor of compilation. II. Smith, Marlaine C. (Marlaine Cappelli), editor of compilation. III. Chinn, Peggy L., editor of compilation. RT86.5.P55 2014 362.14—dc23 2014004055 ISBN: 978-0-415-65953-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-06909-7 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents Acknowledgments ix Foreword: Social Justice: Continuing the Dialogue xi JOAN M. ANDERSON, PHD (SOCIOLOGY), MSN, RN Introduction 1 PAULA N. KAGAN, PHD, RN MARLAINE C. SMITH, RN, PHD, FAAN; AND PEGGY L. CHINN, RN, PHD, FAAN, EDITORS SECTION I Philosophical and Theoretical Considerations: Innovative Frameworks for Health 1 Problematizing Social Justice Discourses in Nursing 21 ANNETTE J. BROWNE, PHD, RN AND SHERYL REIMER-KIRKHAM, PHD, RN 2 Towards an “Ethics of Discomfort” in Nursing: Parrhesia as Fearless Speech 39 AMÉLIE PERRON, RN, PHD, TRUDY RUDGE, RN, BA (HONS.), PHD AND MARILOU GAGNON, RN, ACRN, PHD 3 Compassion, Biopower, and Nursing 51 JANE M. GEORGES, PHD, RN 4 Social/Moral Justice from a Caring Science Cosmology 64 JEAN WATSON, RN, PHD, AHN-BC, FAAN 5 No Hiding Place: The Search for Impermeable Boundaries 71 BEVERLY MALONE, PHD, RN, FAAN 6 Nursing as Social Justice: A Case for Emancipatory Disciplinary Theorizing 79 SALLY THORNE, RN, PHD, FAAN, FCAHS vi Contents SECTION II Research Methodologies and Practices: Critical New Knowledge Development 7 Community-Based Collaborative Action Research: Giving Birth to Emancipatory Knowing 93 MARGARET DEXHEIMER PHARRIS, PHD, RN, FAAN AND CAROL PILLSBURY PAVLISH, PHD, RN, FAAN 8 Social Justice Nursing and Children’s Rights: A Realist and Postmodern Intersectional Feminist Analysis of Nurses’ Refl ections on Child Risk and Protection within Domestic Violence 108 NEL GLASS, RN, PHD, FACN AND KIERRYNN DAVIS, RN, PHD 9 The Identity, Research, and Health Dialogic Interview: Its Signifi cance for Social Justice-Oriented Research 124 DORIS M. BOUTAIN, PHD, RN 10 Critical Research Methodologies and Social Justice Issues: A Methodological Example Using Photovoice 136 ROBIN A. EVANS-AGNEW, PHD, RN, MARIE-ANNE SANON, PHD, RN, AND DORIS M. BOUTAIN, PHD, RN SECTION III Pedagogy of Praxis: Teaching for Social Justice 11 Social Justice: From Educational Mandate to Transformative Core Value 153 MARY K. CANALES, PHD, RN, AND DENISE J. DREVDAHL, PHD, RN 12 Anti-Colonial Pedagogy and Praxis: Unraveling Dilemmas and Dichotomies 175 C. SUSANA CAXAJ, RN, PHD, AND HELENE BERMAN, RN, PHD 13 “And That’s Going to Help Black Women How?”: Storytelling and Striving to Stay True to the Task of Liberation in the Academy 188 JOANNE BANKS, RN, PHD Contents vii 14 Social Justice in Nursing Pedagogy: A Postcolonial Approach to American Indian Health 205 SELINA A. MOHAMMED, PHD, MPH, RN 15 Human Violence Interventions: Critical Discourse Analysis Praxis 218 DEBBY A. PHILLIPS, PHD, PMHCNS 16 Teaching, Research, and Service Synthesized as Postcolonial Feminist Praxis 231 LUCY MKANDAWIRE-VALHMU, RN, PHD, PATRICIA E. STEVENS, PHD, RN, FAAN, AND PENINNAH M. KAKO, PHD, RN, FNP-BC, APNP SECTION IV Critical Practice Approaches and Methodologies 17 Cultivating Relational Consciousness in Social Justice Practice 241 GWENETH HARTRICK DOANE, RN, PHD 18 Facilitating Humanization: Liberating the Profession of Nursing from Institutional Confi nement on Behalf of Social Justice 251 DANNY WILLIS, DNS, RN, PMHCNS, DONNA J. PERRY, PHD, RN, TERRI LACOURSIERE-ZUCCHERO, PHD, RN, FNP-BC, AND PAMELA GRACE, PHD, RN, FAAN 19 Promoting Social Justice and Equity by Practicing Nursing to Address Structural Inequities and Structural Violence 266 COLLEEN VARCOE, RN, PHD, ANNETTE J. BROWNE, PHD, RN, AND LAURIE M. CENDER, RN, MSN 20 Military Sexual Trauma and Nursing Practice in the Veterans Administration 285 URSULA A. KELLY, PHD, RN, ANP-BC, PMHNP-BC 21 Through a Socio-political Lens: The Relationship of Practice, Education, Research, and Policy to Social Justice 298 JILL WHITE, AM, RN, RM, MED, PHD viii Contents 22 A Passion in Nursing for Justice: Toward Global Health Equity 309 AFAF I. MELEIS, PHD, DRPS (HON), FAAN, AND CAROLINE G. GLICKMAN, MIM Afterword 323 PAULA N. KAGAN, PHD, RN Contributors 327 Index 339 Acknowledgments I offer many thanks to DePaul University for support of my scholarship in various forms including grants and paid leave. I am deeply appreciative of my colleagues, friends, and family for their encouragement and support. For their criticality, imagination, and determination I am grateful to and in awe of the authors of these chapters and the authors of chapters for which the limitations of the publication prevented their inclusion. Most importantly, I am indebted to my partners and co-editors, Marlaine and Peggy, two incred- ibly wonderful and visionary scholars whose continued friendship and col- laboration during this journey of praxis has meant the world to me. Paula N. Kagan I am grateful to the authors who contributed to this volume. I learned so much from you! Editing this book with Paula and Peggy has been the quint- essential experience of collegiality, and I am so grateful for their passion and patience. I acknowledge the many scholars in the fi elds of caring, unitary, and critical/post-structural perspectives who have infl uenced my thinking about social justice, participative, and emancipatory approaches to research and practice, and the uniqueness of nursing’s contribution to the world. This book was in process at the time of the birth of my fi rst grandchild, Iyla. Her arrival calls me to our purpose: the audacious hope of creating a more humane, peaceful, and just world for all our children. Marlaine C. Smith Working with Paula and Marlaine has been one of the most gratifying expe- riences of my professional career. Thank you, Paula, for your awesome leadership in this project starting with your determination to engage a pub- lisher for this work, your sharp intellect that has been invaluable to the editing process, and your intractable yet gentle capacity to keep us all on track. Thank you, Marlaine, for your inspiring ability to “walk the talk,” your gentle way of speaking truth to power, and your insights that always point to the core of nursing. You are both dear and cherished friends and