Philosophical Perspectives on Peace: An Anthology of Classical and Modern Sources

326 Pages·1987·82.123 MB·English

by  Howard P. Kainz (eds.)

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PEACE
Also by Howard P. Kainz
HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT WITH MARX'S
COMMENTARY
THE UNBINDING OF PROMETHEUS
HEGEL'S PHENOMENOLOGY, Parts I and II
ETHICA DIALECTICA
THE PHILOSOPHY OF MAN
DEMOCRACY EAST AND WEST
Philosophical
Perspectives on
Peace
An Anthology of Classical and Modern
Sources
Edited by
Howard P. Kainz
Professor of Philosophy
Marquette University, Milwaukee
M
MACMILLAN
PRESS
Selection and editorial matter© Howard P. Kainz 1987
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 978-0-333-41606-8
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission
of this publication may be made without written permission.
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civil claims for damages.
First published 1987
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Philosophical perspectives on peace: an
anthology of classical and modern sources.
I. Kainz, Howard P.
327.1 '72'01 B105.P4
ISBN 978-1-349-08696-2 ISBN 978-1-349-08694-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-08694-8
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction x
1 Peace through a Highly Centralized World Government 1
[?Pseudo-]Aristotle, Epistle to Alexander the Great
on World Government 2
II Dante Alighieri, Monarchy, book I 5
III Bertrand Russell, 'On World Government' 25
IV James Strachey, 'Two Possibilities' (extract) 30
2 Peace through International Federation 39
I Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Project of Perpetual Peace 40
II Immanuel Kant, Eternal Peace 65
III Publius II, The New Federalist, chapters 1-12, 16 87
IV Arnold Toynbee, 'Towards a Future World Order' 121
3 Peace through Distributive Justice 128
I Jeremy Bentham, 'A Plan for a Universal and
Perpetual Peace' (extracts) 128
II Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, ['On the Primary Cause
of War'] 136
III John Rawls, ['The Original Position'] 140
4 Peace through a Triumph of Religious or Spiritual
Values 148
Desiderius Erasmus, The Complaint of Peace 148
II Leo Tolstoy, The Kingdom of God is Within You,
chapters 11, 12(vi) 177
III Aldous Huxley, 'Time and Eternity' (extract) 195
IV Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, 'The Heart of the
Problem' 203
v
vi Contents
5 Peace through the Sublimation or Deflection of
Aggression 213
William James, 'The Moral Equivalent of War' 213
II Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its Discontents,
chapter 5 (extract) 226
III Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression, chapter 14
(conclusion) 230
6 The Paradoxes of Contemporary Warfare 247
I T. H. White, 'The Passing of Camelot' (extract) 247
II Leonard C. Lewin, Report from Iron Mountain on the
Possibility and Desirability of Peace, sections 4-8 252
III Jonathan Schell, 'The Choice' (extract) 300
Index 309
Acknowledgement s
The editor and publishers wish to thank the following who have
kindly given permission for the use of copyright material:
George Allen & Unwin Publishers Ltd, for 'On World Govern
ment', from New Hopes for a Changing World, by Bertrand Russell.
Jonathan Cape Ltd, for the excerpt from The Fate of the Earth, by
Jonathan Schell.
Bruno Cassirer (Publishers) Ltd, for the Epistle to Alexander the
Great from Aristotle on the World State, by S. M. Stem.
William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd, for 'The Heart of the Problem',
from The Future of Man, by Teilhard de Chardin; and for the excerpt
from The Book of Merlyn, by T. H. White.
Sigmund Freud Copyrights Ltd, The Institute of Psycho-Analysis
and The Hogarth Press Ltd, for the extracts from Civilization and its
Discontents in volume 21 of The Standard Edition of the Complete
Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, translated and edited by
James Strachey.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc., for the excerpt from On Aggression,
by Konrad Lorenz, copyright © 1963 by D. G. Borotha-Schoeler
Verlag, Vienna; English translation copyright © 1966 by Konrad
Lorenz; reprinted by permission of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc.
Harper & Row Publishers, for chapter XVIII (pp. 260-9) of The
Future of Man, by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin; copyright © 1959 by
Editions du Seuil; copyright © 1964 in the English translation by
William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd and Harper & Row Publishers,
Inc.; reprinted by permission of Harper & Row Publishers Inc.
Also, for the extract from The Perennial Philosophy, by Aldous
Huxley; copyright © 1944, 1945, by Aldous Huxley; reprinted by
permission of Harper & Row Publishers Inc. Also, for pp. 1-47
and 62-6 from The New Federalist, by 'Publius II' Oustice Owen
J. Roberts, John F. Schmidt and Clarence K. Streit); copyright ©
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 by Freedom and Union; reprinted by per
mission of Harper & Row Publishers Inc. Also, for 'On World
vii
viii Acknowledgements
Government', from New Hopes for a Changing World, by Bertrand
Russell.
Harvard University Press, for Eternal Peace by Immanuel Kant;
reprinted by permission of the publishers from Inevitable Peace,
translated by CarlJ. Friedrich (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univer
sity Press), copyright 1948 by the President and Fellows of Harvard
College; copyright renewed © 1976 by Carl J. Friedrich. Also, for
the extract from A Theory of Justice, by John Rawls; reprinted by
permission of the publishers from A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
(Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University
Press), copyright © 1971 by the President and Fellows of Harvard
College.
Mrs Laura Huxley and Chatto & Windus Ltd, for the extract from
The Perennial Philosophy by Aldous Huxley.
Alfred A. Knopf Inc., for the extract from The Fate of the Earth, by
Jonathan Schell; copyright © 1982 by Jonathan Schell; reprinted by
permission of Alfred A. Knopf Inc.
Methuen & Co. Ltd, for the extract from On Aggression, by Konrad
Lorenz.
William Morris Agency Inc., for the extracts from Report from Iron
Mountain, by Leonard C. Lewin; reprinted by permission of Wil
liam Morris Agency on behalf of the author; copyright © 1967 by
Leonard C. Lewin.
New American Library, for A Complaint of Peace, by Desiderius
Erasmus, from The Essential Erasmus, translated by John P. Dolan;
copyright © 1964 by John P. Dolan; reprinted by arrangement with
New American Library, New York.
W. W. Norton & Co., for the extract from Civilization and its
Discontents, by Sigmund Freud; the selection is reprinted from
Civilization and its Discontents by Sigmund Freud, translated by
James Strachey, by permission of W. W. Norton & Co. Inc.;
copyright © 1961 by James Strachey.
Oxford University Press, for the extracts from The Kingdom of God is
Within You, by Leo Tolstoy; reprinted by permission of Oxford
University Press from The Kingdom of God is Within You by Leo
Tolstoy, translated by Aylmer Maude (1936). Also, for 'Towards a
Future World Order', from A Study of History, by Arnold Toynbee;
Acknowledgements ix
reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press from Arnold
J. Toynbee's A Study of History, abridgement by D. C. Somervell
(1957).
Popular Science Monthly, for 'The Moral Equivalent of War', by
William James; reprinted by permission of Popular Science Monthly.
The Estate of John Strachey, for the extract from The Prevention of
War, by John Strachey.
Ira Straus, Executive Director of the Association to Unite the
Democracies, for the extracts from The New Federalist, originally
published by Freedom and Union magazine.
The University of South Carolina Press, for the Epistle to Alexan
der the Great from Aristotle on the World State by S. M. Stern,
copyright © 1968 by Samuel Stein.
The University of Texas Press, for the extract from The Book of
Merlyn, by T. H. White, copyright © 1977 by Shaftesbury Publish
ing Company; reprinted by permission of the University of Texas
Press.
Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright-holders, but if
any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be
pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.
I am grateful to Marquette University for some released time and
designated grants which facilitated publication of this compilation;
and to Bradley Wronski and Maureen Milligan for assistance in
editing and proofreading the manuscript.