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filosofia, sociologia, mediis Teoria PhilosoPhy, sociology, Media Theory 8 giorgi TavaZe filosofiuri geografia istoria, problemebi, perspeqtivebi GiorGi Tavadze PhilosoPhical GeoGraPhy hisTory, Problems, and PersPecTives Tbilisi 2016 Tbilisi grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti filosofiisa da socialur mecnierebaTa kvleviTi instituti GRIGOL ROBAKIDZE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES _ samecniero seria / Scientific Series _ filosofia, sociologia, mediis Teoria PHILOSOPHY, SOCIOLOGY, MEDIA THEORY seriis damfuZnebeli da mTavari redaqtori: Tengiz iremaZe (saqarTvelo) THE FOUNDER OF THE SERIES AND EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Tengiz Iremadze (Georgia) redaqtorebi / EDITORS: ioaxim fon vedeli (poloneTi) • Joachim von Wedel (Poland) lali zaqaraZe (saqarTvelo) • Lali Zakaradze (Georgia) giorgi TavaZe (saqarTvelo) • Giorgi Tavadze (Georgia) giorgi xuroSvili (saqarTvelo) • Giorgi Khuroshvili (Georgia) sakonsultacio sabWo / EDITORIAL BOARD: giunter arnoldi (germania) • Günter Arnold (Germany) giorgi baramiZe (saqarTvelo) • Giorgi Baramidze (Georgia) mixeil gogatiSvili (saqarTvelo) • Mikheil Gogatishvili (Georgia) bernhard valdenfelsi (germania) • Bernhard Waldenfels (Germany) marta vaculinova (CexeTi) • Marta Vaculínová (The Czech Republic) guram TevzaZe (saqarTvelo) • Guram Tevzadze (Georgia) qristof iame (germania) • Christoph Jamme (Germany) udo rainhold ieki (germania) • Udo Reinhold Jeck (Germany) giorgi kaprievi (bulgareTi) • Georgi Kapriev (Bulgaria) zdenek kuCera (CexeTi) • Zdeněk Kučera (The Czech Republic) dodo labuCiZe (saqarTvelo) • Dodo Labuchidze (Georgia) † burkhard moiziSi (germania) • † Burkhard Mojsisch (Germany) iStvan perceli (ungreTi) • Istvan Perczel (Ungarn) ian r. feenstra (holandia) • Jan R. Veenstra (Netherlands) ferdinand felmani (germania) • Ferdinand Fellmann (Germany) helmut Snaideri (germania) • Helmut Schneider (Germany) norvegieli xalxis saamayo Svilis, saxelovani mogzaurisa da mamaci adamianis rual amundsenis (1872-1928) xsovnas vuZRvni am wigns UDC (uak) 1+316+070 f - 562 P - 57 PHILOSOPHY, SOCIOLOGY, MEDIA THEORY Edited by Tengiz Iremadze Volume 8: Giorgi Tavadze Philosophical Geography History, Problems, and Perspectives winamdebare naSromSi ganxorcielebulia filosofiuri geografiis, rogorc interkulturuli da interdisciplinuri filosofiuri dargis, axal sawyisebze dafuZnebis mcdeloba. filosofiuri geografia gagebulia, rogorc erTgvari `xidi~ filosofiasa da socialur mecnierebebs Soris. gansxvavebul moazrovneTa Sexedulebebis analizis safuZvelze avtori aCvenebs geografiuli konceptebis mniSvnelobas filosofiuri azrovnebisaTvis. In this book the author proposes a new interpretation of philosophical geography. Situated in an intercultural and interdisciplinary dimension philosophical geography should serve as a “bridge” between philosophy and social sciences. By analyzing works of prominent philosophers and geographers the author shows the importance of geographical concepts for philosophical thinking. © giorgi TavaZe, 2016 © Giorgi Tavadze, 2016 Printed in Georgia All rights reserved gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2016 Publishing House “Nekeri”, 2016 ISSN 1987-9652 ISBN 978-9941-457-45-6 sarCevi Sesavali .................................................... 7 Tavi I. filosofiuri geografiis konceptualuri CarCo. ...... 9 1.1 Sesavali ............................................. 9 1.2 filosofiuri geografiis lokaluri done. ......... 10 1.3 filosofiuri geografiis regionaluri done. ...... 13 1.4 filosofiuri geografiis globaluri done ........ 15 1.5 adgilisa da identobis cnebebi, rogorc filosofiuri geografiis samive donis konceptualuri sayrdenebi ............. 17 1.6 daskvna. ............................................. 18 Tavi II. filosofiuri geografiis saTaveebTan. ................. 19 2.1 Sesavali ............................................ 19 2.2 Sarl lui monteskie: klimatis zemoqmedeba adamianze. ..................... 25 2.3 iohan gotfrid herderi: adamianisa da garemos urTierTzemoqmedeba. ......... 32 2.4 imanuel kanti: geografiuli codnis sistematizatori .............. 41 2.5 aleqsandre fon humboldti: holisturi midgoma empiriuli realobisadmi ........ 50 2.6 karl riteri: teleologizmi da istoricizmi geografiaSi. ........................... 59 2.7 georg vilhelm fridrix hegeli: `msoflio istoriis geografiuli safuZveli~. ....... 70 2.8 ernst kapis filosofiuri geografia ............... 77 2.9 daskvna. ............................................. 86 Tavi III. `sasicocxlo sivrcidan~ sivrcis poetikamde. filosofiuri geografiis globaluri, regionaluri da lokaluri paradigmebi ....................................87 3.1 Sesavali ............................................ 87 3.2 fridrix ratceli: brZola sasicocxlo sivrcisaTvis .................. 101 - 5 - 3.3 karl Smiti: adamiani da msoflio elementebis dapirispireba .... 116 3.4 martin haidegeri: adgili, rogorc sivrcis Semomkrebi. ............... 130 3.5 vacuji tecuros klimatis filosofia. ............ 138 3.6 karl avgust vitfogeli hidravlikuri civilizaciebis Sesaxeb .............. 150 3.7 gaston baSliaris sivrcis poetika: saxli, rogorc Taursamyaro da eqsistencialuri mniSvnelobis centri. ............. 160 3.8 daskvna. ............................................ 167 Tavi IV. adgilisa da identobis cnebebi, rogorc filosofiuri geografiis sakvanZo momentebi. ............ 169 4.1 Sesavali ........................................... 169 4.2 miSel fuko: sxva sivrceebi _ utopiebi da heterotopiebi ....... 190 4.3 i-fu tuani: humanisturi geografia _ adgili _ topofilia ..... 196 4.4 eduard relfi: adgili da uadgiloba. ............. 204 4.5 devid simoni droiT-sivrciTi rutinisa da sxeulisa da adgilis qoreografiebis Sesaxeb ....... 223 4.6 eduard keisi: ukan, adgilisaken! ................... 230 4.7 jef malpasi: adgili, rogorc empiriuli gamocdilebis winapiroba ................ 239 4.8 daskvna. ............................................ 251 Tavi V. filosofiuri geografia: naSromis Sejameba da kvlevis samomavlo perspeqtivebi. .. 253 Synopsis. .................................................. 259 gamoyenebuli literatura ................................ 283 pirTa saZiebeli . ......................................... 311 cnebaTa saZiebeli ........................................ 321 geografiul saxelTa saZiebeli . .......................... 331 Index . .................................................... 339 - 6 - Sesavali XX saukunis II naxevridan filosofiur literaturaSi aqtiurad ganixileba filosofiisa da geografiis sazRvriTi problemebi.1 Tavis mxriv, geografebi dainteresebulebi arian filosofiuri problematikiT.2 filosofiisa da sazogadoe- brivi geografiis mijnaze arsebuli problemebis analizis konteqstSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania iseTi cnebebi, ro- gorebicaa `geofilosofia~ (J. deliozi da f. gatari, m. kaCari, S. giunceli), `filosofiuri topografia~ (j. malpasi), `filosofiis atlasi~ (e. holenStaini), `uadgiloba~ (e. relfi), `topofilia~ (g. baSliari) da sxv. aseTi mravalferovani kvle- viTi perspeqtivebis miuxedavad, ar SemuSavebula erTiani konceptualuri CarCo, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda filosofiisa da geografiis TanakveTis sibrtyeSi moqceuli sakiTxebisa da problemebis meToduri kvleva. Sesabamisad, ar ganxorcielebula iseTi empiriuli kvlevebic, romlebic mocemul Teoriul safuZvels daemyareboda. amgvari mcdelobis ganxorcieleba principulad aucilebelia, radgan Tanamedro- 1 G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, Qu’est-ce que la philosophie? Paris: Les éditions de Minuit, 1991; E. S. Casey, Getting Back into Place: Toward a renewed Understanding of the Place-World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993; id., The Fate of Place: A Philosophical History. Berkeley: University of Califronia Press, 1997; M. Cacciari, Geofilosofia dell’Europa. Milan: Adelphi, 1994; J. E. Malpas, Place and Experience. A Philosophical Topography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999; S. Günzel, Geophilosophie. Nietzsches philosophische Geographie. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2001; E. Holenstein, Philosophie-Atlas: Orte und Wege des Denkens. Zürich: Ammann Verlag, 2004; H. Schneider, „Philosophische Geografie: Die Bedeutung des Wassers für die Geschichte – Europa und Asien“. In: Interkulturelle Philosophie. Hrsg. von H. Paetzold und W. Schmied-Kowarzik, Weimar: Bauhaus-Universität, 2007, gv. 206-231; A. Schlitte, T. Hünefeldt, D. Romić, J. van Loon (Hrsg.), Philosophie des Ortes. Reflexionen zum Spatial Turn in den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014. 2 E. Relph, Place and Placelessness. London: Pion Press, 1976; Y.-F. Tuan, Topophilia. A Study of Environmental Perceptions, Attitudes, and Values. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974; id., Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1977; D. Seamon, A Geography of the Lifeworld. Movement, Rest and Encounter. London: Croom Helm, 1979. D. Gregory, Geographical Imaginations. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1994; S. Elden, E. Mendieta (eds), Reading Kant’s Geography. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011. - 7 - giorgi TavaZe ve samyaroSi interdisciplinuroba filosofiis erT-erT um- Tavres maxasiaTeblad iqca. aseT mcdelobad, aseT interdisci- plinur `xidad~ filosofiasa da geografias Soris winamdebare naSromSi miCneulia filosofiuri geografia. filosofiuri geografiis Cemeuli xedva emyareba filosofiuri geografiis konceptualur CarCos.3 aRniSnuli konceptualuri CarCos Camoyalibebisaken im moazrovneebis Semoqmedebam da ideebma mibiZga, romlebic mocemul kvlevaSia ganxiluli.4 winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens 2013 wels grigol ro- baqiZis saxelobis universitetSi filosofiis doqtoris aka- demiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili kvlevis gada- muSavebul versias. didi madloba minda gadavuxado Cems xe- lmZRvanelebs: prof. Tengiz iremaZes da prof. helmut Snaiders gaweuli daxmarebisa da rekomendaciebisaTvis; aseve madlobas vuxdi Cemi sadisertacio naSromis oficialur Semfaseblebs: prof. lali zaqaraZes da asoc. prof. giorgi xeoSvils. madlie- rebiT minda movixsenio prof. manana sanaia da akad. guram Tevza- Ze, romlebmac didad Semiwyves xeli Cemi samecniero karieris dasawyisSi. Cems megobarTan da kolegasTan, asoc. prof. giorgi xuroSvilTan filosofiis amocanebis Sesaxeb saintereso saubrebi mniSvnelovnad damexmara filosofiuri geografiis bunebisa da daniSnulebis ga(da)azrebaSi, risTvisac misi mad- lieri var. madlobas vuxdi Cems gamomcemels, giorgi bagra- tions, romelic misTvis Cveuli profesionalizmiT damexmara naSromis gamocemis procesSi. aseve, gansakuTrebuli madloba minda gadavuxado Cems meuRles, nino WinWarauls, romlis mxardaWerasac yovelTvis vgrZnobdi disertaciaze muSaobis periodSi. dabolos, madlobas vuxdi yvela im adamians, romel- Ta meSveobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda am naSromis gamocema. 3 ix. g. TavaZe, `Satili filosofiuri geografiis perspeqtividan~, Tbilisi: `nekeri~, 2013 w., gv. 1-13. 4 winamdebare naSromSi mocemuli filosofiuri geografiis konceptualuri CarCo arse biTad ar gansxvavdeba im xedvisagan, romelic 2013 wels mqonda gadmocemuli (ix. g. TavaZe, `Satili filosofiuri geografiis perspeqtividan~). - 8 - Tavi I. filosofiuri geografiis konceptualuri CarCo 1.1. Sesavali geografia Seiswavlis sazogadoebasa da fizikur garemos Soris arsebul mimarTebebs. adamianebi gardaqmnian bunebas. Tavis mxriv, buneba, geografiuli elementebis saxiT, gavlenas axdens adamianTa cxovrebaze.5 zogierTi geografiuli elemen- tis (magaliTad, adgili, sivrce) gavlena adamianTa idento- baze, maT cnobierebasa da moqmedebaze metad mniSvnelovania. filosofiurma geografiam unda gamoikvlios is mimarTebebi, romlebic arsebobs, erTi mxriv, aRniSnul geografiul el- ementebsa da, meore mxriv, adamianTa identobebsa da moq- medebebs Soris. kvlevisas filosofiurma geografiam, Tavisi interdisciplinuri bunebidan gamomdinare, Tanabrad unda isargeblos rogorc humanitaruli, aseve, socialuri mec- nierebebis meTodologiebiT. imisaTvis, raTa ufro naTlad gamoikveTos, Tu ras Seiswavlis filosofiuri geografia, saWiroa filosofiuri geografiis konceptualuri CarCos Camoyalibeba. aRniSnuli CarCo gansazRvravs filosofiuri geografiis kvlevis do- neebs, Sesaswavl sagans mocemul doneze da Sesatyvis kvle- viT meTodologiebs TiToeuli donisTvis. filosofiuri geografiis konceptualur CarCoSi gamoiyofa kvlevis sami done: lokaluri, regionaluri da globaluri. qvemoT Tanmimdevro- biT ganxilulia TiToeuli maTgani. 5 ix. R. Peet, Modern Geographical Thought. Mald en, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006, gv. 1-2; R. Johnston, Philosophy and Human Geography. An Introd uction to Contemporary Approaches. Baltimore: Edward Arnold, 1986, gv. 3; C. Gibson, ‘Human Geography’. In: R. Kitchin and N. Thrift (eds.), International En- cyclopedia of Human Geography. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009, vol. 5, gv. 218. - 9 -