Philippine Science And Technology Abstracts

570 Pages·2015·6.8 MB·English

PHILIPPINE

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACTS

Bimonthly classified abstracts of the latest Philippine
publications in the field of science and technology

AGRICULTURE 0001-0128
BIOLOGY 0129-0237
BOTANY 0238
CHEMISTRY 0239-0277
ECOLOGY 0278-0279
EDUCATION 0280
ENGINEERING 0281-0311
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 0312-0325
FISHERIES 0326-0341
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 0342-0348
FORESTRY 0349-0356
GEOLOGY 0357-0367
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 0368-0375
INDUSTRY 0376-0378
MARINE SCIENCE 0379-0404
MATHEMATICS 0405-0432
MEDICINE 0433-0512
PHYSICS 0513-0586
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 0587-0600
SOCIAL SCIENCES 0601-0603
STATISTICS 0604
VETERINARY MEDICINE 0605-0606
ZOOLOGY 0607-0609

December –May 2015

Published by:

Information Resources and Analysis Division
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION INSTITUTE
Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila
Philippines
AGRICULTURE
0001
2 more private rice hybrids for wider farmers' choice
Pablico, Sosi
The new varieties released by the National Seedling Industry Council (NSIC) include NSIC Rc166H (Mestizo
10) and NSIC Rc168H (Mestizo 11). The former is recommended for planting in Cagayan, isabela, Nueva Ecija and
Davao, while the latter is recommended for transplanting during dry and wet seasons in Nueva Ecija, Isabela, Davao
provinces, Bohol, Bukidnon and areas where the rice variety IR64 is adapted .
Keywords: Agriculture, Rice, NSIC Rc166H (Mestizo 10), NSIC Rc168H (Mestizo 11), IR64

Agriculture magazine, Volume No. 13 Issue No. 2, 16-17
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) S19 A83 13/2 2009

0002
Adaptability and management of vegetables legumes and cereals in ashfall and lahar areas
Aganon, Clarita P., Patricio, Marilyn G.
The displacement of farmers in their farmlands brought about by Mt. Pinatubo eruption has been continually
addressed for the last five (5) years. One of the factors that greatly influenced the fanners decision to leave their
farms is the sudden change in soil characteristics such as the texture and water holding capacity. They believe that
nothing can be grown under this condition. Inherently sandy in texture, water holding capacity is low and holding
infiltration and percolation is rapid, not to mention that such deposits are practically devoid of major plant nutrients.

Soil of this nature need to be improved physically and chemically in order to provide source of livelihood to the
affected farmers. Increasing the organic matter content of volcanic deposits is one of the strategies to improve
granulation and water holding capacity. Water management and cultivation procedure such as adequate rate of time
and application are equal1y important considerations. Several crops such as peanut, soybean, mungbean, sweet
potato, sunflower, sesame, raddish, rice, squash, tomato, eggplant, okra and onion were used as test crops in 1991 to
1993. On-farm trials whereas corn, cabbage and sorghum were used in 1994 to 1995. Fertilizer rates were evaluated
for each of the crops.

Organic .fertilizer was supplemented in most of the fertilizer trials to hasten organic matter build-up in the soil
and fertility in the long run. Except mungbean, the rest of the crops tried in ash and lahar areas at certain rates of
fertilizer application performed well.

During the period, trainings and technical assistance were provided to cooperators in coordination with farmers
cooperatives while financial assistance was made possible through the Tarlac Peoples Economic Foundation Inc.,
Rotary Club of Manila, Canadian Embassy, and the Mt. Pinatubo Commission. Sixteen trainings were conducted
from 1992 to 1994 with 279 farmer participants. The area cultivated in Culatigan, Concepcion, Tarlac increased
from 0 to 200 hectares within the 3 year period whereas in San Jose, San Antonio, Nueva Ecija the increase was
1.25 percent within one year period. The slow increase in cultivated areas was basically due to lack of available
capital.

Succeeding studies from 1996 to present was focused on refining the technologies for rice. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Cereals, Organic fertilizer, Ashfall, Lahar

Philippine Technology Journal: a quarterly publication for applied researches, Volume No. 22 Issue No. 4, 1-22
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) T1 N21 22/4 1997

0003
Alternative management strategies against the rice root-knot nematode, Meioidogyne
graminicoia in rice-onion system
Gapasin, Ruben M., Judal, Maria Victoria L., Pile, Clarenda P., Gergon, Evelyn B., Gapud, Victor P., Obien,
Santiago R.
Studies were conducted to determine alternative management strategies against the rice root-knot nematode,
Meioidogyne graminicola in rice-onion system. The cannister experiment aimed to determine the effective soil depth
level reached by rice hull burning (RRB) on nematode mortality showed that nematodes were killed by heat even at
15 cm depth. Several galls in the roots were counted in rice seedlings in the unburned treatments as compared to
zero galls in all the burned treatments (0,5,10,15 cm depth). The field experiment using RRB significantly affected
the number of galls and in most cases the nematode densities in the soil roots. Yield of onion increased almost three
folds in the burned treatment. Pot experiment showed that Tagetes sp. and two Crotaiaria species reduced the
number of galls and nematode densities in the soil by 73-96 % and increased fresh root weight when incorporated in
the soil. Rice hull burning and the use of Tagates and Crotaiaria could be effective alternative management
strategies for M. graminicola in rice onion system. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Root-knot, Nematode, Meioidogyne graminicoia, Rice hull burning, Tagetes sp., Crotaiaria
sp., Onion, Rice, Antagonistic plantas, Non-host

Philippine Technology Journal: a quarterly publication for applied researches, Volume No. 23 Issue No. 2, 69-75
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) T1 N21 23/2 1998

0004
Analysis of genetic diversity in coconut by RAPD
Rodriguez, M.J.B., Estioko, L.P., Namia, M.T.I., Soniega, J.A.
The conditions that influence the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility of the RAPD technique as a tool in
analyzing genetic diversity in coconut were rigorously optimized/standardized. Thus, the procedures for efficient
isolation of genomic DNA from coconut, its amplification by PCR to give distinct and reproducible products, and
the analysis of the banding data using mathematical calculations have been established. With this technology, the
genetic variations in the germplasm collection of the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) in Zamboanga were
investigated. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Biodiversity, Coconut, RAPD

Philippine Journal of Coconut Studies, Volume No. Issue No. , 39-45
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) SB401.C6 P45 v.38 2013
0005
Antibody titer response of cattle (Bos taurus) vaccinated with oil and aluminum
adjuvanted FMD vaccine (Serotype O , A and C )
2 24 3
Canda-Benigno, Carolyn, De Mayo, Angeles, Verin, Blesilda, Santos, Josefina C., Bautista, Marc Leo G.
This study was conducted to compare the protective antibody response of cattle (Bos Taurus) to oil adjuvanted
vaccine and aluminum adjuvanted vaccine. Twelve imported Brahman cattle of both sexes with age 3-8 years were
used in this study . Eight animals were vaccinated with oil adjuvanted vaccine, while four were vaccinated with
aluminum adjuvanted vaccine. A booster shot was given to both groups 30 days after the first vaccination . Blood
was collected prior to each vaccination. The antibody titers of the animals were monitored on day 0, 2 1,60 90,120
and 150 by Indirect ELISA. The mean antibody titer of the anima ls in both treatment groups was converted to log
base 2.5 and was statistically analyzed using Duncan 's Multiple Range Test (p>0.05). There was no difference
between animals vaccinated with oil adjuvanted vaccine and those vaccinated with th e aluminum adjuvanted
vaccine. The mean antibody titer for both animals were above protective level of 5.15, 5.44 for cattle given oil
adjuvanted vaccine while 6.32 for cattle given aluminum adjuvanted vaccine, 90 days after first vaccination.
(Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Bos taurus, ELISA, Sus scrofa domestica

Animal Husbandry & Agricultural Journal, Volume No. 39 Issue No. 12, 25-28
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) SF1 A54 39/12 2006

0006
The application of molecular marker-assisted selection in rice breeding
Magpantay, Gerard B., Subudhi, Prasanta K., Mew, Teresita V., Domingo, Jessica P., Parco, Arnold A.,
Mendoza, Maresciele G., Lanceras, Jonaliza C., Huang, Ning, Angeles, Enrique, Khush, Gurdev S.
The potential use of molecular marker-aided selection in rice breeding has enormously increased with the
advances in biotechnological tools. The technique allows high accuracy in selecting for desired characters with
minimum time input, a requirement that would be very useful for rice breeders. PCR-based approach were
performed in pyramiding resistance genes for bacteria leaft blight (Xa-4, xa-5, xa-13 and Xa21) in the IR24
background and blast resistance genes (Pi-l, Pi-2 and Pi-4) in the C039 background. More than 100 plants/ cross
were surveyed and plants showing either enhanced and/or having broad spectrum of resistance were identified and
found stable with molecular markers used for selection in the advanced generation (F ). The
4
method was also successfully used in identifying the proportion of parents' genetic material in the backcross
selection program.

With this approach, further refinement is aimed in reducing the cost by incorporation of gene tagging into the
actual rice breeding programs, exploitation of other useful molecular markers and providing a database in varieties
representing the breadth of variations in Oryza sativa species. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Orysa sativa L., Xanthomonas oryzae, Pyriculana grisea
Challenges of Nuclear Technology for the 21st Century, Volume No. Issue No. , 113-122
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(B) QC791.9 P942 1996

0007
Assessment of economic losses caused by coconut mite through farmers': participatory
research appraisal
Islam, N., Nahar, M.S., Islam, M.I., Rahman, M.S., Uddin, R., Sultan, M.K.
The participants listed 23 fruit species grown in the homesteads in which coconut is one of the leading species.
They asserted that recently mite infestation became one of the most important pests in coconut. It was first noticed
in their areas at the beginning of 2004. Almost all of the populations they grow were susceptible to the pest. They
opined that, application of fertilizers increased level of mite attack. As they were not familiar with mite, they could
not recognize when one is present. The community attempted to control the pest through the use of chemicals as
well as
Keywords: Agriculture, Coconut farming, Coconut mite, Coconut fertilization

Philippine Journal of Coconut Studies, Volume No. Issue No. , 24-30
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) SB401.C6 P45 v.38 2013

0008
ASU to produce biodiesel from waste fats
Abello,
Waste fats can be a good source of coco-methyl ester (CME) and can be used alone or blended with diesel for
conventional engines. A biodiesel project is being conducted at the Aklan State University utilizing oil-containing
wastes. The study showed that used or waste animal fats had no significant difference when converted to biofuel
with that of pure coconut oil and other vegetable oils. Researchers observed the biodiesel fuel in an engine run test
produced lesser engine noise, lesser emission smoke and more than double mileage compared to the engine that uses
petroleum diesel.
Keywords: Agriculture, Biodiesel, Waste animal fats, Coco-methyl ester (CME)

Agriculture magazine, Volume No. 13 Issue No. 2, 25
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) S19 A83 13/2 2009

0009
Balimbing: a fruit with myriad uses
Tacio, Henryl
Discussed are the many uses of balimbing (Averrhoa carambola) . The fruit is entirely edible including the
slightly waxy skin . It can be used as ingredient for bakery products, the juice is squeezed ta serve as beverage, aside
from its medical uses. The unripe fruit is used in dyeing and removing iron-rust and occasionally used for cleaning
and pol ishing metals since it contains potassium oxalate. The older folks in the rural areas, crushed shoots and
leaves are used to cure headaches and ringworm, while the boiled flowers are used to expel worms. Likewise,
studies showed the potential of balimbing as inhibitor such that the fruit or juice when used in combination with
certain medications significantly increased their effective dosage within the body.
Keywords: Averrhoa carambola, Agriculture, Balimbing, Potassium oxalate

Agriculture magazine, Volume No. 13 Issue No. 12, 16-17
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) S19 A 83 13/12 2009

0010
Bioeconomics of native pig production in Marinduque
Monleon, Arnolfo M.
A total of 54 respondents were purposely selected and interviewed to determine the
bioeconomics of native pig production in Marinduque.

Selected reproduction traits such as age of gilt at breeding, litter size, litter index and parity index; production
traits such as litter weight at weaning, weaning period, mortality rate and weight at maturity; and adaptability traits
under local farming condition were determined.

Results revealed that the breeding age of gilt (6.71 ± 0.25 months) is the promising
reproduction trait of the Philippine native pig (Sus domesticus).

For production traits, there was improvement in the age of weaning.

Moreover, the ability of the native pig to survive and reproduce under local farming
condition was identified.

Regression analysis revealed a functional relationship between the breeding age of gilt and litter size, and
between weight at weaning and litter size (p<0.05).

There was a stronger linear relationship between these traits (p<0.05). (Authors abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Bioeconomics, Marinduque, Philippine native pig, Production traits, Reproduction traits,
Adaptability traits

Animal Husbandry & Agricultural Journal, Volume No. 40 Issue No. 3, 10-12
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) SF1 A54 40/3 2006

0011
Butterfly manure: a novel source of bio-organic fertilizer
Peñalba, Fredelino, Cayabyab, Bonifacio F., Bayot, Rolando G., Aquino, Alicia G., Cayabyab, Florante F.
Butterfly manure from the larvae of Danaus chrysippus L., plain tiger was collected from the Tarlac butterfly
breeding site. The main host plant where these larvae feed is Calotropsis gigantea. The larvae manure was air dried
and analyzed at the Analytical Services and Soil/Plant Test Kit Project of the Department of Soil Science, U.P. Los
Baños.

The nitrogen (N) content of butterfly manure at 1.19% approximates that of carabao (1.09%-1.22% a.i.). Its
potassium content of 2.14% is higher than that of cattle and almost equal to poultry. The other chemical components
of butterfly manure are discussed and compared with other sources of bio-organic fertilizers. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Danaus chrysippus, Butterfly manure, Bio-organic fertilizer, Larvae, Poultry, Cattle, Plain
tiger, Nitrogen, Potassium

Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology, Volume No. Issue No. , 294
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) Q149.P5 N25 v.22 2000

0012
Cactus: nature's phytochemical specialist
Palypayon, Concepc
Cactus belongs to the family Cactaceae and characterized as fleshy, erect or climbing, with much thickened and
green colored stem, leafless with few to many sharp spines which arise from small areolae. Among the cactus grown
in the Philippines, the dilang baka or Nopalea cochinellifera is used as an ornamental plant. This species exhibited
medicinal properties and had been used as poultices to cure articular rheumatism, ear and eye inflammation as well
as toothache. Studies also showed its potential as a cure for cancer and diabetes. In-depth studies, however, had been
encouraged to test the efficacy of cactus in curing cancer.
Keywords: Agriculture, Cactus, Nopalea cochinellifera, Cactaceae, Dilang baka

Canopy International, Volume No. 26 Issue No. 6, 4
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) SD1 C165 26/6 2000

0013
A checklist of the rhopalocera (lepidoptera) of Mount Arayat, Pampanga, Philippines
Cayabyab, Bonifacio F., Bayot, Rolando G., Padilla, Carlos L., Hardy, Peter D.
Short duration surveys of butterflies (Rhopalocera, Lepidoptera) of Mount Arayat, Pampanga were conducted in
1994-1995, 1997 and 1998. Forty-three species and sub-species under 30 genera in 6 families of the superfamily
papilionoidea and 4 genera of the Hesperiidae (Hesperioidea) were observed. A taxonomic checklist is herein
provided. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Rhopalocera, Mount Arayat, Lepidoptera, Butterflies
The Philippine Entomologist, Volume No. 15 Issue No. 2, 143-150
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) QL461 P5 15/2 2001

0014
Coconut yield and profitability under two practical fertilizer options: common salt (sodium
chloride) and multi-nutrient 14N-5P2O5-20K2O- 15CI-4.5S-0.02B applications on bearing
trees (technology notes)
Magat, S.S., Canja, L.H.
The indicative coconut yield and profitability in 5 yr cropping period or cycle under two fertilization options: 1)
common salt (NaCI); and 2) multinutrient mineral fertilizer (MNF) was evaluated. It was based on the average
coconut yield of the local tall variety grown in a suitable tropical wet climate growing zone of Davao, Southern
Mindanao, Philippines (07°05'N 125037). Prices of production inputs as fertilizers and labor components, and the
product copra are referenced to 2008 economic conditions.

Several economic indices generated (with the aid of MS-EXCEL software program) as annual gross returns,
production costs, net returns and net present value (NPV) per tree and per hectare bases as influenced by the
fertilizer applications under different price levels of copra (Php17.50 to Php30.20/kg) are presented. At the third
successive year of fertilization, even at the lowest coconut copra price level of Php17.50/kg, the net returns per
hectares are: (1) from unfertilized trees - Php19,849; (2) with the common salt (GSA) - Php25,294; and (3) with the
multi-nutrient (MNF) - Php49,716. The MNF achieved the highest net present value (NPV) at 18% interest of
Php118,918 (5 yr cropping) - a considerable difference of Php44,785 over the GSA, indicating that the NPV of
MNF application is 60.4% higher.

Generally, results showed a lower investment cost with common salt application over the MNF, but clearly
higher and significant coconut (copra) yield, net returns and NPV (@ 18 % interest) are achieved with the
application of multi-nutrient 14(N)-5(P O )-20(K O)-15(CI)-4.5(S)-0.02(B) mineral fertilizer during the 5-yr
2 5 2
cropping. (Php48 = 1 USD) (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Agriculture, Chloride as coconut nutrient, Coconut fertilization, Common salt as fertilizer, Economics of
coconut fertilization, Multi-nutrient N-P-K-CI-S-B fertilizer, Sodium chloride

Philippine Journal of Coconut Studies, Volume No. Issue No. , 9-23
(Filipiniana Analytics)
Fil(S) SB401.C6 P45 v.38 2013

0015
Cocoon yield and quality of silkworm fed with leaves harvested from mulberry grown
under conventional, LEISA, and organic agro-ecosystem manipulations
Caccam, Mabel, Mendoza, Teodoro
Agronomic and physiological characteristics of mulberry plants, their effects on silkworm growth, Cocoon yield
and quality, and other productivity and profitability
measures were used as parameters to select better combinations of practices in mulberry growing in Northern Luzon,