Philanthropy, Associations and Advocacy CURRICULUM GUIDE #7

186 Pages·2008·4.52 MB·English

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF
PHILANTHROPY
EUGENE D. MILLER
Latinos and the Development ofCommunity:
Philanthropy, Associations and Advocacy
CURRICULUM GUIDE #7
Kathleen D. McCarthy
Centerfor the Study ofPhilanthropy
Director
THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN FUNDED BYA GENEROUS GRANT FROM
THE ~K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION
Barbara Luria Leopold
Series Editor
Multicultural Philanthropy Curriculum Guides
Copyright © 1999, Center for the Study ofPhilanthropy
All Rights Reserved
INTRODUCTION TO THE MULTICULTURAL PHILANTHROPY
CURRICULUM PROJECT
Giving and voluntarism are deeply ingrained traditions in American life. Yetthese activities are
frequently overlooked in the curricula ofthe nation's colleges and universities, or mistakenly
portrayed as the exclusive province of elites.
To address this, the Center for the Study ofPhilanthropy at the Graduate School and University
Center ofthe City University ofNew Yorkis developing avariety ofmaterials to illuminate the
significance ofphilanthropic activities at every level ofsociety. A series ofcurriculum guides is
one of several resources designed to encourage the development ofundergraduate, graduate and
extension courses on multicultural philanthropy.
These materials reflect avariety ofdisciplinary approaches, examining the ways in which
eleven different (but not necessarily mutually exclusive) groups-women, Catholics, Protestants,
Jews, African Americans, Latinos, Northern Europeans, Southern and Eastern Europeans,
Middle-Easterners, South and SoutheastAsians, and EastAsians-historically used their gifts of
time and money to create nonprofit institutions, forge public/private partnerships, promote social
and legislative change, build communities, and participate in public policymaking at the local,
state and federal levels.
Each curriculum guide considers avariety offactors including: 1) the traditions ofcharity and
mutual aid that different groups brought with them to the United States; 2) the ways in which
these practices were adapted to the American social and political context; and 3) the role of
philanthropy (i.e., the giving oftime, money and/or valuables for public benefit) in enabling each
group to claim a public role within the American democratic system.
Identification ofthe relevant literature has been another important goal. Each guide includes an
annotated bibliography and additional bibliographic citations, which ultimatelywill also be
available aspart ofa regularly-updated, comprehensive, on-line database on international
philanthropy. Additional information on the on-line bibliography can be obtained by visiting the
Center's website at: www.philanthropy.org.
The curriculum guides and annotated bibliography, together with the other components ofthe
initiative-volunteer guides, video/television programming, faculty seminars, and a Distinguished
Lecturer series-reflect the Center's ongoing commitment to enhancing public understanding of
the role that philanthropy has historically played within the multicultural mosaic ofAmerican
society.
Social gatherings often served as the backdrop for
collective action. Seated at the center ofthe dias is the
prominent female singer Celia Cruz (c. 1957). Note the
portraits offamous statesmen from the Americas on the
backwall.
PhotocourtesyofTheJustoA. MartiPhotographicCollection, Centro deEstudios
Puertorriquefios, HunterCollege, CUNY
The delegation ofthe Alianza Obrera Espaiiol (Spanish
vVorker Alliance) marching in the International Day of
the Worker Parade in New York (c. 1930-1935). Labor
associations, which grew out ofearlier mutualista (mutual
aid) societies, played a central role in Latino communities.
PhotocourtesyofTheJesusColonPapers, CentrodeEstudiosPuertorriquefios,
HunterCollege, CUNY; BenignoGiboyeaux, fortheEstateofJesusColon
Philanthropy, AssociationsandAdvocacy
Table ofContents
Part I. Latinos and the Development ofCommunity:
Philanthropy, Associations and Advocacy
byEugene D. Miller
Introduction to Latinos and Philanthropy:
Goals and Objectives 1
Week 1. Identity, Diversity, and Growth 5
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Week 2. Patterns ofSettlement 9
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Background Readings on Immigration
Week 3. The Eagle and the Serpent: U.S.-Latin
American Relations 15
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Film
Week 4. MexicanAmericans: From the Treatyof
Guadalupe de Hidalgo to the League of
United Latin American Citizens 21
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
11 Latinos and the Development ofCommunity
Week 5. Mexican Americans: From World War
II to Cesar Chavez and the Farm
Workers 25
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Films
Week 6. Puerto Ricans in New York 31
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Week 7. Cuban Americans: From Castro to the
11/z Generation 37
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Week 8. Dominican Americans in New York 43
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Week 9. The Churchin LatinAmerica: From
Identification with the Elites to
Liberation Theology 49
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Philanthropy, Associations andAdvocacy 111
Week 10. Religion Among Latinos 55
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Week 11. Leadership and Intellectuals 61
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Week 12. The Role ofOrganized Labor and
Foundations 67
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Background Readings
Film
Week 13. The Ford Foundation: A Case Study 71
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics
Graduate Research Topics
Readings
Additional Readings
Week 14. Toward a Latino Agenda 75
Discussion Questions and
Undergraduate Research Topics:
Future Trends and Research Agendas
Readings
Background Readings
IV Latinos and the Development ofCommunity
PartII. Literature Overviews, Annotated Bibliographies,
and Additional Citations on Four Latino
Communities
byJohn A. Gutierrez
A.Mexican-American Philanthropy 81
B. Puerto Rican Philanthropy 103
C. Cuban-American Philanthropy 123
D. Dominican-American Philanthropy 143
Part III. Additional Citations on the Latino Community
Collected byJohn A. Gutierrez, with contributions
by Edgardo Manuel Diaz Diaz
A. General 159
B. Religion 164
C. Organizational Literature, Directories,
Magazine Articles 165
Part rv Contributors 169
Philanthropy, AssociationsandAdvocacy 1
Latinos and the Development ofCommunity:
Philanthropy, Association and Advocacy
by Eugene D. Miller
Introduction
Goals and T he Latino population in the United States comes from varied and
Objectives complex backgrounds.
By 1853, after the Mexican American War (or as it is still called in
Mexico, the War of the Northern Invasion) all of Mexico's far north
became part of the United States. With historical accuracy Tejanos
Mexican Americans who have beenin Texasfor generations-state: "We
never crossed the border. The border crossed us."
In opening his anecdotal "biography" of Latinos, Earl Shorris
comments on the irony of the anti-Columbus day "celebrations" that
marked the 500th anniversary ofthe explorer's arrival:
...the Dominicans had overlooked history: they had permitted the
symbolism to become confused. No one remembered that by 1570
only the imperialists and their African slaveswere left; the genocide
of the native population ofHispaniola wasvirtually complete. It did
not occur to the little group ofangryromantics in Manhattan thatit
was themselves they planned to drive away, for the Columbus Day
conspirators were the children ofconquest...1
And David Abalos underscoring the spiritual dilemma:
We are in a diaspora: we belongnowhere. We cannotgo home or be
content here, sowe make ahome within ourselves.... The real hope
is an imaginative politics based on a people connected to their
sources; otherwisewe are simply doomed to perpetuate asystem that
isapermanentstate ofwar.The means isaprocess oftransformation
that points us homeward, that is inward to our sources, el tesoro de
nuestra riqueza, the treasure chest of our riches.'
This guide is designed to illuminate aspects of Latino history through
the prism of philanthropic activities. Philanthropy-defined as the