Philanthropy and Social Progress: Seven Essays

284 Pages·15.659 MB·English

by  Jane Addams

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PEIILANTHEROPY
A
W
anº
SOCIAL PROGRESS/
SEVEN ESSAYS
BY
MISS JANE ADDAMS, ROBERT A. WOODS
FATHER J. O. S. HUNTINGTON
! PROFESSOR FRANKLIN H. GIDDINGS
AND BERNARD BOSANQUET
DELiverted arronx
a . Oſije Štijool of Øpplitt 3:tijits
AT PLYMOUTH, MASS.
-
DURING THE SEssion or 1892
WITH INTRODUCTION:
BY PROFESSOR HENRY C. ADAMS
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CONTENTS.
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INTRODUCTION. By Professor Hknrt C. Adams . t
I. THE SUBJECTIVE NECESSITY FOB SOCIAL
SETTLEMENTS. By Miss Jane Adiiaki . 1
II. TnE OBJECTIVE VALUE OF A SOCIAL SET
TLEMENT. By Miss Jane Addams . . 87
HI. THE UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT IDEA By
Robert A. Woods 67
IV. PHILANTHROPY— ITS SUCCESS AND FAIL
URE. By Father Jambs O. 8. Huntinotok . 06
V. PHILANTHROPY AND MORALITY.
By Father James 0. S. HcirriKOTOw . . 167
VI. THE ETHICS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS. By
Professor Franklin H. Giddinos . . . SOS
VIL THE PRINCIPLES AND CHIEF DANGERS OF
THE ADMINISTRATION OF CHARITY. By
Bernard Bosanquet, M.A., LL.D. . . . 240
INTRODUCTION.
By HENRY C. ADAMS, Ph.D.,
PaomsoB or Political Ecohovt and Fnuxo*. in thi Dhitimitt
or MicHioin.
The lectures brought together in thia volume
were first delivered before the School of Applied
Ethics at its summer session, 1892. The subject
treated is sufficiently important, and the lectures
themselves of sufficient interest, to claim the atten
tion of the public without explanation or introduc
tion; but they will lose nothing in the interest
which they have for the reader, and they may
possibly be the better understood, should a state
ment be made of the place they occupied in the
general instruction of the school. In order to do
this a word must be said respecting the school
itself.
There is nothing new in the assertion that the
complex relations of modern life cannot be satis
factorily adjusted except the claims of man's moral
nature be frankly and fully recognized; but this
thought has, we believe, been made the central
idea in a systematic and somewhat comprehensive
curriculum of study for the first time by those
vi Introduction.
who organized the School of Applied Ethics.
There are three departments in this school. The
first of these is the department of Comparative
Religion, in which the leading principles of the
great religions of the world, and the effect of these
principles on the lives of the people who believe
them, are made the subject of special investigation.
The Science of Ethics constitutes the second
department of instruction. In this department
search is made for the fundamental basis of moral
conduct by a comparative study of the ethical
systems that have characterized the various civil
izations, and given color to different epochs of
history. Here, also, the problem of providing ade
quate moral instruction for the children of our
common schools, is recognized as one of the most
important pedagogical problems of our day.
The third department of instruction is that of
Economics. It was in this department that the
lectures collected in the present volume were first
delivered. Instruction in Economics, in a School
of Applied Ethics, is doubtless recognition of the
fact, that, inasmuch as the most significant changes
of the nineteenth century are industrial in charac
ter, the most pressing of the practical questions of
right and wrong find their root in industrial rela
tionships. It is not enough to urge right conduct
or high motives upon those who control the busi
ness affairs of the day in order to infuse morality
into business conduct; for there is no hope of
•'i
Introduction. vii
making moral conduct general until such legal
and social conditions are created, that he who fol
lows a high ideal of justice in business dealings,
can hope for afair degree of business success. It
is, therefore, essential for the economist who be
lieves that moral sentiments should be brought to
bear on industrial life, to re-examine the funda
mental principles of his science, and to analyze
again the social structure through which those
principles assert themselves, in order to discover T
what form of business organization, or what ex
pression of industrial rights, will call into natural
and spontaneous exercise the tremendous force of
moral character which, since the time of the old
guilds and the canon law, has lain almost dormant
in industrial life. Itwas this idea which induced
those who organized the School of Applied Ethics
to recognize Economics as worthy aplace in acur
riculum of study which has for its aim arevival of
confidence in the moral dignityof man.
In the session of 1892, all the studies in the
department of Economics centred about the idea
of social progress. The lectures of the first week
traced the Changes in Economic Theory since the
Time of John Stuart Mill. It was their purpose to
leave the impression that the economist isgradually
changing his point of view, and that political econ
omy, while ceasing to be an industrial philosophy
of aclass, iscoming to be acomprehensive philos
ophy of industrial society. The second week's