Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Birds Kris ...

195 Pages·2003·5.63 MB·English

by  Kris Baert

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
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N of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
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I in Birds
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Kris BAERT
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Promotor: Prof. Dr. P. De Backer

Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology
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0 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
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ISBN 90-5864-033-7 3 Ghent University
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Non-Steroidal
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Birds
Kris Baert
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Science (PhD)
Promotor : Prof. Dr. P. De Backer
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology
Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke
ISBN 90-5864-033-7
Aan Bene, Lars en Paco

CONTENTS
List of abbreviations
General introduction 1
Scientific aims 19
Chapter 1: Pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in birds
1.1. Different aspects of pharmacokinetics in birds 23
1.2. Comparative pharmacokinetics of three NSAIDs in birds 41
1.3. Biotransformation of salicylic acid in chickens and pigeons 69
Chapter 2: Pharmacodynamics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in birds
2.1. The inflammatory response in birds 89
2.2. A subcutaneous inflammation model in chickens 105
2.3. An intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens 123
Chapter 3 : General discussion 157
Summary / Samenvatting 173
Dankwoord 181
Curriculum vitae 185

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
5-HT 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine
AA Arachidonic Acid
APP Acute Phase Proteins
AUC Area Under the Curve
BK Bradykinin
BW Body Weight
CI Confidence Interval
Cl Total Clearance
C Maximum Concentration
max
cMGF chicken Myelomonocytic Growth Factor
COX1 Cyclo-Oxygenase 1
COX2 Cyclo-Oxygenase 2
CSF Colony Stimulating Factor
ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
ESI Electrospray ionisation
FLU Flunixin
GA Gentisic Acic
GI Gastro-intestinal
HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
HS Hard Shelled
IL Interleukin
IM Intramuscular
IS Internal Standard
IU International Units
IV Intravenous
k Elimination rate constant
el
LOD Limit Of Detection
LOQ Limit Of Quantification
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
m/z Mass to charge ratio
MEL Meloxicam
MES Morpholino-Ethane Sulfonic acid
MRL Maximum Residue Limit
MRM Multiple Reaction Monitoring
MRT Mean Residence Time
MS Mass Spectrometry
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NO Nitric Oxide
NSAID Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
OAA Ortho-Anisic Acid
ODA O-Dianisidine
PAA Phenoxy Acetic Acid
PG Prostaglandin
PIR Piroxicam
RT Retention Time
SA Salicylic Acid
SC Subcutaneous
SD Standard Deviation
SL Shell-less
SO The ornithine conjugate of salicylic acid
SS Soft Shelled
SU Salicyluric Acid
t Half-life of elimination
1/2el
T Maximum Time
max
TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
TxB Thromboxane B
2 2
UF Ultrafiltration
UV Ultraviolet
V Volume of Distribution (calculated via the area method)
d(area)
WBC White Blood Cells
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Translated and adapted from :
Baert K., De Backer P. (2002) NSAIDs: Algemene aspecten en gebruik bij vogels.
Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 71, 117-124.
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium