Pharmacognosy and Pharmaco-biotechnology, Second Revised and Expanded Edition PDF
Preview Pharmacognosy and Pharmaco-biotechnology, Second Revised and Expanded Edition
This page intentionally left blank Copyright © 2007, 2003 , New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to [email protected] ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2915-2 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com Dedication Dedicated with humility and reverence to the fond memory of beloved parents who encouraged and flared passion in me to learn more always. Thanks Wish to thank Leena, Ashish and Abhijeet for their boundless patience and eternal understanding during completion of this text. Love Aditi, our grand-daughter, who brought in an eternal saga of love, and energised our inspirations to perform better. This page intentionally left blank Preface to the Second Edition Overwhelming appreciation, whole-hearted acceptance, and qualified success of the First Edition of the textbook entitled ‘Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology’ extended by the postgraduate students specializing in Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry of Natural Products; besides the enormous undergraduate students in Bachelor of Pharmacy programmes in all the reputed Pharmacy Degree Colleges not only in India but also abroad are quite encouraging. Exclusively based upon the commendable comments and constructive criticisms received from various academic colleagues across the country the author has meticulously presented this entirely revised and duly expanded Second Edition. Moreover, the reading text material has been updated thoroughly, various biosynthetic pathways modified adequately, chemical structures and tabular contentsenumerated more explicitly. Besides, the critical definitions, important statements, terminologies, names of chemical constituents have been duly highlighted so as to facilitate its readers to comprehend them accurately. Tremendous achievement and advance in the different segments of highly sophisticated ‘Research Techniques’ solely based on PC-modulated modern analytical techniques helped not only to clarify the rather complex chemical structures of unravelled chemical constituents from Natural Products, but also established precisely the plethora of ‘Biosynthetic Pathways’ dominating the plant kingdom. The present textbook essentially comprises of nearly sixty ‘biosynthetic routes’ of predominantly important natural chemical entities, such as: alkaloids, antibiotics, glycosides, marine-derived drug substances, and terpenoids. It is, however, pertinent to add here that certain extremely preliminary aspects to the related pharmacognostical characteristic features of ‘Natural Plant Products’, namely: morphological structures, adulterants used in herbal products, habitats, method of cultivation, geographical distribution etc., have been expunged from the text, to which the students invariably obtain sufficient exposure in the early stages of their systematic curriculum follow up. The Second Edition essentially comprises of five additional chapters, namely: (i) Nutraceuticals, (ii) Enzymes and Protein Drugs, (iii) Biomedicinals from Plant Tissue Cultures, (iv) Hi-Tech Products from Plant Sources, and (v) Indian Traditional Herbal Drugs, i.e., chapter-11 through chapter-15. The judicious and thoughtful inclusion of these five chapters would certainly expose the PG/UG students of the aforesaid disciplines to an exceptionally solid platform in the scientific pursuit of their knowledge. The author feels convinced and earnestly believes that the Second Revised and Expanded Edition of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology shall largely fulfil the much needed value-added substantial text materials. viii PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION It is hoped that Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology will continue to enjoy its popularity amongst the august teaching fraternity, brilliant students, herbal practitioners, pharmacognosists, herbal chemists, phytochemists, biotechnologists, and above all the researchers who would like to make an illustrious career in their respective professional discipline in the New Millennium. Finally, the author wishes to place on record his deep sense of gratitude to Shri Saumya Gupta M.D., and the entire professionals of New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, for their excellent support to bring out this edition in such a short-span. Gurgaon Dr. Ashutosh Kar Preface to the First Edition Etymological evidences reveal that ‘pharmacognosy’ refers to the knowledge (from the Greek gnosis) of drug (Pharmacon) substances. Pharmacognosy may also be referred to as—‘Study of sources, and chemical and physical properties of drugs’. In the present context pharmacognosy, since Dioscorides’s treatise, has spread its tentacles to investigations of a wider section of naturally occurring materials essentially comprised of plants, animals, substances originated from microorganisms and even biotechnology and genetically engineered entities. Jean Bruneton, the famous French pharmacognosist, describes pharmacognosy as—‘Study of starting materials and substances intended for therapeutics, and of biological origin, in other words obtained from plants, animals, or by fermentation from microorganisms’. Since the past two centuries the identification, isolation and characterization of naturally occurring substances across the world have been accomplished by the concerted efforts through a central preoccupation of innumerable research chemists and biological scientists. In the recent past, the world has witnessed an overwhelming progress towards intensification of interest more so in natural products from the herbal-based pharmaceutical industries with the epoch-making discoveries of extremely useful new drugs, namely, taxol, artemisinin ginsengoside Rg1 ginkolide A, doxorubicin and the like, from the nature’s natural reserves. The other predominant aspect is ‘pharmacobiotechnology’, an area that encompasses the intricate production of natural-product-drug substances on the basis of the copious volumes of scientific evidences amalgamated with tremendous progress and breakthroughs particularly in the fields of ‘biotechnology’ and ‘molecular biology’. It is indeed an altogether newer frontier charged with innovative ideas and approaches in modern-drug-discovery scenario to modify and improve upon the quality of life of human beings on this planet. Therefore, in the present textbook, an earnest attempt has been made to deal with the newest drugs on one hand and the oldest ones on the other in a very systematic and lucid manner with a strong conviction that these all belong to the natural origins. Interestingly, the last five decades have witnessed a quantum jump in relevant and useful publications especially with regard to books pertaining to medicinal plants, medicinal herbs, biologically active natural products, phytochemistry of medieval plants, alternative medicine; besides herbal and botanical remedies for commoners. It is, however, pertinent to mention about the legitimate exposure vis-a-vis the in depth knowledge of the various aspects of medicinal plants well within the broader limits of pharmacognosy—a professional discipline widely recognised not only amongst the pharmacy and medical herbalism academic programmes but also of utmost significance to non- medical professionals. The present text essentially comprised of ten chapters, namely: introduction to phytochemistry, pharmacobiotechnology, carbohydrates, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, bitter
The list of books you might like
