Pharmaceutical Accumulation in the Environment: Prevention, Control, Health Effects, and Economic Impact

253 Pages·2014·11.21 MB·English

by  Walter E Goldstein

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY G
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Walter E. Goldstein
Accumulation in
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Prevention, Control,
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Health Effects, and
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Economic Impact
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The accumulation of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a growing concern, the
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magnitude of which has not been determined, yet cannot be ignored. Touting the
benefits of research and discovery as they relate to a pharmaceutical presence in the cc
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environment, explores ways to effectively minimize the harmful impact of environmental
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contaminants. It considers current practice in the field, provides a historical reference,
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and presents effective methods for detecting and containing low levels of environmental
contaminants. It also offers practical suggestions for mobilizing private and public uu
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The contributors of this work consider important environmental contaminants that ii
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include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and special products, such as contrast
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agents and illicit drugs. This book describes current health impact concerns, methods

for assessing risk, and lessening the negative impact on health through research and ii
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analysis. It examines the costs of wastewater treatment, and considers ways to potentially

reduce the effect of environmental contaminants in treated water and in the soil. It tt
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looks at what may be done about contaminated soil and landfills, addresses the costs PPhhaarrmmaacceeuuttiiccaall
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of contaminant elimination, and suggests ways to get rid of contaminants sensibly and

consistently. It also includes case histories and chapters authored by specialists who are EE
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Developed as a reference for professionals and senior undergraduate and graduate rr
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students in environmental science/ecotoxicology, the text proposes advancements
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and applications that can help control pharmaceutical accumulation and improve the
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environment. It serves as a resource for those in the pharmaceutical industries, personal
care product industries, and related areas; scientists and researchers in related areas; as ee
well as environmental protection agencies, physicians, and medical personnel. nn
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K15109 Health Effects, and Economic Impact
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Pharmaceutical
Accumulation in the
Environment
Prevention, Control,
Health Effects, and Economic Impact

Pharmaceutical
Accumulation in the
Environment
Prevention, Control,
Health Effects, and Economic Impact
Edited by
Walter E. Goldstein
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20140403
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This book is dedicated to those who search for solutions to
minimize harmful effects of environmental contaminants so as
to improve the health and well-being of all living things.
The authors of this work are hopeful that their efforts will
contribute to implementation of scientific and engineering
advancements that improve the environment.
To my wife, Paula, for her love and support of my professional efforts.
To our wonderful children (Susan and Marc) and
grandchildren (Alex, Noah, Reena, and Daniel).
Walter E. Goldstein

Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................xiii
About the Editor ....................................................................................................xv
Contributors ........................................................................................................xvii
1 Introduction .....................................................................................................1
Walter E. Goldstein
2 An Insight into the Discovery of the Contamination of the
Environment and Drinking Water by Pharmaceuticals .......................11
Thomas Heberer
3 Presence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and
in Drinking Water ........................................................................................21
James S. Smith Jr.
4 Occurrence, Effects, and Methods for Antibiotics and Illicit
Drugs in the Environment ..........................................................................43
Tammy Jones-Lepp
5 Detection of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: History
of Use as a Forensic Tool .............................................................................65
Keir Soderberg and Remy J.-C. Hennet
6 Health Impact of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in
Drinking Water: Potential for Human and Environmental Risk .......91
James S. Smith Jr.
7 Health Impact of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and
in Drinking Water: Analysis and Research Needs ..............................103
Walter E. Goldstein
8 Effect of Antibiotics on Biological Wastewater Treatment
Processes .......................................................................................................117
Olivier Potier, Jean-Noël Louvet, Christophe Merlin,
Marie-Noëlle Pons, Dominique Dumas, and Walter E. Goldstein
9 Wastewater Pharmaceuticals Minimization: Analysis
of Opportunities and Costs ......................................................................155
Walter E. Goldstein
vii
viii Contents
10 Conclusions and Recommendations, Research Opportunities,
and Implementation of Measures to Control Environmental
Pharmaceuticals ..........................................................................................213
Walter E. Goldstein