Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists

772 Pages·1978·156.86 MB·English

PHAIDON
ENCYCLOPEDIA
AND
OF ART
ARTISTS

ON
D
PH
AI
ENCYCLOPEDIA
AND
ART
OF
ARTISTS
PHAIDON
ROSUNDALE
Phaidon Press Limited
Littlegate House, St Ebbe's Street, Oxford
Published in the United States ofAmerica by E. P. Dutton, New York
This edition first published 1978
©
1978 by Phaidon Press Limited
Adapted from the Pall Mall Encyclopedia ofArt, 1971
Original French edition, Dictionnaire Universel de I'art et des artistes
©
1967 by Fernand Hazan, Paris
ISBN o 7148 513 6
1
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 77-89312
No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ofthe
copyright owner
Printed in Great Britain by BAS Printers Limited, Over Wallop,
Hampshire
Picture origination and colour printing by De Lange/Van Leer NV,
Deventer, Netherlands
PREFACE
The purpose ofthis book is to provide, within reasonable limitations of
space, a comprehensive and authoritative reference guide for both
student and general reader, as well as a lively appreciation of the
history of world art.
In 1971 the five-volume Pall Mall Encyclopedia of Art was
published jointly in the U.K. by the Pall Mall Press, an imprint later
absorbed into the Phaidon Press, and in the U.S. by Praeger
Publishers Inc. The five-volume work was, in its turn, based on the
Dictionnaire Universel de Vart et des artistes, published in three
volumes in 1967 by Fernand Hazan, Paris, and edited by the
distinguished French art historian and critic Robert Maillard. When
the English-language version was undertaken the contents of the
French edition were fully revised and updated, and many new articles
were added, chiefly in the areas of American and British art. This
encyclopedia is based on the contributions originally written for the
much largerwork, abridged, brought up to date and adapted to suit the
format of a single volume.
The encyclopedia is composed ofthree categories ofarticles. There
are biographies documenting the work of painters, sculptors, graphic
artists and architects active in the West from medieval times to the
present. These are complemented by articles on periods, styles,
schools and movements, and by surveys of the art of civilizations
whose individual artists are mainly unknown, at least in the West.
Such surveys are broken down whenever possible, so that there are
items on peoples of the Far East, Middle East, and pre-Columbian
America who have been revealed to have a distinct culture and art-
forms of their own. Longer articles are divided into sections covering
the various aspects of the particular subject. Appropriate cross-
referencesensure that all material relatingtoanysingle subjectiseasily
accessible.
A considerable debt ofgratitude is owed to Robert Maillard and the
team who compiled the French edition; to Fernand Hazan; and to
David Bell, the editor of the 1971 English-language edition, and an
editorial team on both sides of the Atlantic. Dr Lucia Wildt, Dr I.
Grafe and Mrs Rosemary Blott undertookthe updatingand adaptation
for the present volume.
The publishers also wish to thank the museums, libraries, galleries,
public and private foundations, and collectors who have kindly
consented to the reproduction of works of art in their possession and
acknowledge the copyrights held by S.P.A.D.E.M. and A.D.A.G.P.,
Paris.