Phaedrus, Fabulae Aesopiae

292 Pages·2020·1.401 MB·Latin

by  Zago, Giovanni (ed.)

PHAEDRVS
FABVLAE AESOPIAE
RECENSVIT ET ADNOTAVIT
GIOVANNI ZAGO
DE GRUYTER
ISBN 978-3-11-031632-2
e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-041054-9
ISSN 1864-399X
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020940469
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck
www.degruyter.com
hoc volvmine continentvr
Praefatio························································································vii
I De Phaedri fabulis Aesopiis···········································vii
II De codicibus R et δ························································xii
III De codicibus N M λ······················································xix
IV De paraphrasi T··························································xxvi
V De Phaedro soluto (Ph)············································xxxvi
VI De exemplari α·······················································xxxvii
VII De codice ν····························································xxxviii
VIII De archetypo··························································xxxviii
IX De ordine fabularum·················································xxxix
X De re metrica in Phaedri senariis································xlii
XI De praecipuis textus editionibus et criticis
commentationibus······················································xliii
XII De hac editione·······························································li
XIII De ratione in rebus orthographicis adhibita··················lx
Gratiarum actio·····································································lxiv
Index philologorum quot in praefatione et apparatibus
laudantur················································································lxv
Conspectus siglorum······························································lxxxiv
Liber primus·····················································································1
Liber secundus···············································································40
〈Liber tertius〉·················································································56
Liber quartus··················································································92
〈Liber quintus〉·············································································105
Appendix Perottina······································································149
Index orthographicus···································································193
Index nominum············································································199
Comparatio numerorum······························································201

praefatio
i
de phaedri fabvlis aesopiis
De Phaedri uita nihil notum est praeter ea quae discimus ex eius
carminibus, unde haec depromuntur1: Phaedrus (siue Phaeder)2
natus est in Pieria3, incerto quo anno, et in pueritia, quam uidetur
egisse Augusto imperitante4, litteris Latinis institutus est5 siue
Romae siue alibi. Cum duos Aesopiarum fabularum libros emisis-
set, propter unum aut plures λόγους in calamitatem incidit adhuc
Nomina barbara fere omnium uirorum doctorum in hac Praefatione et in
apparatibus quibus Phaedri fabularum textum instruxi laudatorum
numquam Latine flexi nisi ubi necessarium ad perspicuitatem sententiae.
Consuetudini tamen obtemperans scripsi semper ‘Barthium’, ‘Fabrum’,
‘Graevium’, ‘Gronovium’, ‘Grotium’, ‘Heinsium’, ‘Meursium’, ‘Perizonium’,
‘Salmasium’ nec usquam ‘von Barth’, ‘Le Fèvre’, ‘Graeve’, ‘Gronow’, ‘van
Groot’, ‘Heins’, ‘van Meurs’, ‘Voorbroek’, ‘Saumaise’. Virorum doctorum
opera, quae in Indice philologorum plenius laudata inuenies, hic et in
apparatibus citantur compendiose (hoc exempli gratia sufficiet: ‘Burman
1698’ significat modo idem quod ‘Burmannus in Phaedri editione anno 1698
publici iuris facta’, interdum idem quod ‘editio Phaedri Burmanniana typis
expressa anno 1698’).
1 Vtrum ueridicus Phaedrus fuerit an mendax cum ex persona sua
loqueretur scire minime possumus.
2 Poetae nostri cognomen (Φαῖδρος) legitur apud ipsum (3 prol. 1) et apud
Martialem (3, 20, 5) genetiuo casu; quod cognomen Gudius et Havetus
putauerunt in nominandi casu Phaedrus male scribi, cum ex illorum
sententia noster rectius Phaeder appellandus esset (cf. Burman 1698,
praef.; Havet 1895, 259). Haud infitior apparere ex inscriptionibus (cf.
Solin 2003, I, xxxi sq.; II, 831 sq.; III, 1460) Phaeder usitatius fuisse in uita
communi quam Phaedrus; atqui nominatiuus Phaedrus legitur in titulis
trium Phaedri ipsius fabularum (3 prol.; 5, 7; 5, 21) et in epistula ad
Theodosium quam Auianus suis fabulis praemisit; quam ob rem formam
Phaedrus dubitanter praetuli.
3 Cf. 3 prol. 17.
4 Cf. 3, 10, 8; 39 sqq.
5 Cf. 3 epil. 33 sqq.
viii praefatio
uiuente Seiano6, id est ante annum p. C. n. 31. Inscriptiones et
subscriptiones singulis libris adiectae indicant Phaedrum Augusti
libertum fuisse; quod an uerum sit haud certum, nam in fabulis
quae supersunt nusquam noster se libertum esse fatetur; etiam
uiri quibus poeta inscripsit libros iii, iv, v, Eutychum dico, Parti-
culonem, Philetum, liberti fuisse uidentur. Phaedrus ait se librum
tertium conscripsisse languentis aeui dum sunt aliquae reliquiae7;
librum quintum admodum senex composuit8. An Phaedrus aetate
prouectus libros duos priores retractauerit nescimus, sed uix
improbabile est: puto enim Phaedrum narratiunculam de mustela
et homine (1, 22) scripsisse postquam Senecae de beneficiis libros
atque epistulas morales legisset9. Hoc si uerum est, Phaedrus obiit
exacta aetate sub Nerone uel Vespasiano.
6 Cf. 3 prol. 38 sqq., unde concluditur Phaedrum propter quaedam quae
ante tertium librum editum scripserat damnatum esse Seiano et accusa-
tore et teste et iudice (cf. La Penna 1968, xii sq.: “alcune favole dei libri
precedenti, cioè del I e/o del II, sono state interpretate da Seiano e dai
suoi seguaci come satire o attacchi contro di loro. Seiano per vendicarsi
ha fatto processare Fedro, non sappiamo sotto quale accusa; il processo è
stato … una farsa: l’onnipotente ministro di Tiberio si serve dei suoi
scherani come prestanome, ma in realtà è lui che fa tutto il processo: lui
è l’accusatore, lui il testimone, lui il giudice. Evidentemente Fedro è stato
condannato: la farsa è stata per lui una tragedia”). In Phaedri fabularum
libris duobus prioribus haud dubie erant quae flecti possent in Seianum,
ut puta quae de ranis regem petentibus (1, 2) uel de graculo superbiente
(1, 3) siue de sole uxorem ducturo (1, 6) Phaedrus prompserat (cf. Müller
1877, vii).
7 3 epil. 15.
8 5, 30; cf. La Penna 1968, xvi.
9 Vide quae adnotabo ad 1, 22, 1–9. Etiam Phaedri fabula de cane et agno
(3, 15) pendere uidetur e Senecae de beneficiis libris (cf. enim Sen. ben. 3,
29–31).
praefatio ix
Phaedrus quinque libros10 fabularum Aesopiarum11 scripsit, e
quibus nonnullas (quot sciri nequit) intercidisse patet ex ipsius
poetae testimonio, quippe qui dicat 1 prol. 6 se induxisse arbores
loquentes, cuius nunc quidem rei nec uola nec uestigium exstat
(uide etiam infra, p. liii).
E ueteribus nemo, praeter Martialem et Auianum, Phaedrum
nominat12. Seneca aut Phaedrum non nouit aut eius fabellas memo-
ria dignas non agnouit13. Phaedri tamen fabulae uidentur iam
Quintiliani tempore pueris esse lectitatae14. Ante editionem princi-
pem15 foras prolatam hi scriptores Phaedrum legisse atque imitati
esse uidentur16: Martialis17, auctor Octauiae praetextae18, Tacitus19,
Tertullianus20, Nemesianus21, Ausonius22, Paulinus Nolanus23, Pru-
dentius24, Auianus25, auctor Alcestis Barcinonensis26, auctor Queroli
10 Quinque fabularum libros Phaedrum scripsisse testatur Auianus in
epistula ad Theodosium (de qua uide supra, adn. 2). Procul dubio etiam
in φ, archetypo Phaedri codicum qui hucusque innotuerunt, nostri
poetae carmina legebantur in quinque libros diuisa (uide quae infra,
§ IX, disputabo de ordine fabularum).
11 Cf. 4 prol. 10 sq. fabulis / quas Aesopias … nomino. In codice D inscriptio
libri primi sic habet, PHEDI AVG(VSTI) LIBER I AESOPHIARV(M)
INCIP(IT) FELICITER (procul dubio FABVLARVM excidit).
12 Cf. supra, adn. 2.
13 Sen. Pol. 8, 3; cf. La Penna 1968, vii.
14 Cf. Quint. inst. 1, 9, 2; uide Postgate 1919, 23.
15 Pithou 1596.
16 Non laudo scriptores fabularum qui non quidem ex ipso Phaedro sed ex
paraphrasi T (de qua infra dicetur) hauserunt.
17 Cf. ad 3 prol. 38; 3, 11, 3; 3, 18, 8; 4 epil. 5; 5, 2, 19; 5, 15; 5, 18.
18 Cf. ad 3 prol. 1–3; app. 10.
19 Cf. ad 4, 2, 3–6.
20 Cf. ad 4, 2, 12.
21 Cf. ad 5, 15, 8–9.
22 Cf. ad 1 prol.; 1, 13, 13 sq.; 5, 28.
23 Cf. ad app. 23, 5–6.
24 Cf. ad 5, 6, 9–10.
25 Cf. ad 1, 5, 1; 1, 11, 2; 3, 18; 4, 3, 11–13; app. 3, 9–10; app. 10.
26 Cf. ad app. 14, 18.
x praefatio
siue Aululariae27, Alexander Nequam28, Gualterius Anglicus29, Lau-
rentius Abstemius30, Ludouicus Areostus31, Leo Baptista Alberti32,
Nicolaus Machiavelli33. Vtrum Iuuenalis Phaedrum legerit necne
certum sciri nequit34.
Codices quibus Phaedri fabularum Aesopiarum textus nititur
hi sunt:
P codex Pithoeanus (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M. 906,
ff. 33–87), saec. ix3/4–4/4 conscriptus, membranaceus35. Ff. 33–
71, pluribus manibus exaratis, continentur Phaedri fabulae in
quattuor libros diuisae36 (desunt subscriptiones librorum pri-
mi, secundi, quarti et inscriptio tertii; libri secundi inscriptio
mendosa est); uersus haud legitime distincti sunt: librarii enim
eos exarauerunt scriptura continua37. Hunc codicem uulgo
uocant Pithoeanum quia olim fuit Petri Pithou, qui primus
edidit Phaedri fabulas38. Contuli ope lucis depictum.
R codex Remensis, saec. ix2/4 conscriptus, anno 1774 combustus.
R easdem fabulas eodem ordine complectebatur ac P; exhibe-
bat tamen libri quinti subscriptionem, qua P caret (eiusdem
libri inscriptionem, quae in P deest, ne R quidem seruabat; a
R aberant etiam subscriptiones librorum primi, secundi, quar-
ti et inscriptio tertii, quae in P quoque desiderantur). Sicut P
ita R uersus continua exaratos scriptura praebebat nec specie
27 Cf. ad 1, 5, 11.
28 Cf. ad 1, 3, 9; 1, 9; app. 3; app. 26, 9. De Alexandro uide etiam infra, adnn.
174 et 185.
29 Cf. ad 1, 4, 2; 1, 26; 5, 23, 4; app. 13. De Gualterio uide, quaeso, etiam infra,
adnn. 84 et 185.
30 Cf. ad 1, 9; 1, 15; 1, 28, 3–4; 1, 31, 13; 2, 4; 3, 18; 4, 5; 4, 6; app. 3. De
Abstemio uide, sis, etiam quae § III disseram.
31 Cf. ad 1, 15.
32 Cf. ad 1, 31, 10–12; 5, 12, 3–4.
33 Cf. ad 2 epil. 7–8.
34 Cf. ad app. 19, 1.
35 De codice P cf. Boldrini 1990, 5 sqq.; Bischoff 1998–2017, II, 319.
36 Exemplar autem unde P manauit (= δ) Phaedri carmina praebebat in
quinque libros diuisa: uide infra, § IX.
37 Vide, sis, infra, § II, p. xviii.
38 De editione Pithoeana, anno 1596 excusa, infra, § XI, fusius disputabo.
praefatio xi
differentes ab oratione soluta. De hoc codice deperdito infra,
§ II, uberrime disseram.
D codex Reginensis Latinus 1616, qui in bibliotheca Vaticana
asseruatur. Ff. 17r–18r, saec. ix2/3 exaratis, continentur octo
fabulae libri primi (11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21). Hoc fragmen-
tum Reginense uersus religiose distinctos exhibet; uulgo
nuncupatur “uetus Danielis chartula”, quia olim fuit Petri
Daniel39. Romae contuli.
N codex Neapolitanus siue Perottinus (Napoli, Biblioteca Nazio-
nale, IV F 58), testis unicus Nicolai Perotti ‘Epitomes fabella-
rum Aesopi Auieni et Phaedri’, chartaceus, post a. 1474, ut
uidetur, exaratus. Codex autographus est. Praeeuntibus epi-
stula ad Titum Mannum Veltrium Viterbensem, fabellarum
indice, prologo ad Pyrrhum Perottum (Nicolai nepotem), ubi
multa ex Phaedro hausta inueniuntur, in N leguntur 66
(immo 63) Phaedri carmina, intermixta haud paucis poematis
Auiani et Perotti ipsius. Versus legitime distincti sunt. De hoc
codice, ita madore affecto ut permultis locis legi nequeat,
infra, § III, accuratius dicam40. Neapoli contuli41.
M codex Vaticanus Latinus 5190, chartaceus. Ff. 111r–125r, saec.
xv2 duabus manibus exaratis, continentur 22 Phaedri fabulae,
quae carminibus aliquot Auiani interponuntur. Versus religi-
ose distincti sunt. Altera manus, prioris fere aequalis, f. 125r
addidit Phaedr. 3, 9 et 3, 10, 1–16. In hoc uersu (3, 10, 16 dico),
quo clauditur pagina, desinit M. Hunc codicem, de quo
postea, § III, fusius dicetur42, primus adhibui in Phaedri textu
recognoscendo.
Ipsarum fabularum exemplaribus manu scriptis accedunt duae
paraphrases, T et Ph, de quibus infra, §§ IV–VIII; XII, disputabo.
39 De uetere Danielis chartula cf. Boldrini 1990, 29 sqq.; Bischoff 1998–
2017, III, 441.
40 Cf. etiam Boldrini 1988, 29 sqq.; Zago 2015, 54 adn. 4.
41 Imago quoque phototypica codicis N mihi praesto est.
42 Vide etiam Gilles-Raynal et all. 2010, 504 sq.; Zago 2015, ubi publici iuris
feci integram collationem huius Phaedri fabularum libri manu scripti.
xii praefatio
ii
de codicibvs r et δ
Codex R, qui olim fuit in bibliotheca abbatiae Sancti Remigii Re-
mensis, anno 1774 flammis absumptus est43. In eo Phaedri fabulae
priore loco ligatae erant, altero Querolus siue Aulularia44. E
scripturae speciminibus quae anno 1769 Jacobus Claudius Vincent
e sacra Benedictorum familia, tunc fungens bibliothecarii munere
abbatiae Sancti Remigii, Stephano Lauréalt de Foncemagne misit45
colligere licet codicem (haud dubie membranaceum) una manu46
saec. ix2/4 exaratum esse47.
Codicis R textus cognoscitur per haec testimonia:
RR testimonia Nicolai Rigaltii (Nicolas Rigault) in editionibus an-
norum 1617 et 163048. Acceperat Rigaltius lectiones ex R ex-
cerptas a Jacobo Sirmond Iesuita.
Rs lectiones quas idem Sirmondus ex R deprompsit et in unum
folium chartaceum congessit, nonnullis coniecturis interiec-
tis; cuius folii in possessionem Rigaltius uidetur uenisse49. Id
nunc asseruat Bibliotheca nationalis Parisiensis (Baluze 141,
f. 211r–u); detexit, edidit, in tabula repraesentauit Omontus
43 Cf. Berger de Xivrey 1830, 21; Hervieux 1893, 72.
44 Cf. Berger de Xivrey 1830, 76 sq.; 81 sqq.; Hervieux 1893, 71 sqq.; Reeve
1976, 22.
45 Huius uiri docti in usum tres Phaedri locos (1 prol.; 1, 16, 1 sq.; 1, 30,
3–5) et duos Queroli Vincentius ex R transcripserat in chartam pelluci-
dam. Codicis R scripturae specimina tria a Vincentio e Phaedro de-
prompta repraesentauerunt Panckoucke 1834 in tabula extra textum et
Hervieux 1894 p. 83; ea phototypice expressa praebuit Boldrini 1990 in
tab. vi, 2 (cf. etiam Boldrini 1990, 23 adn. 114); specimina duo e Querolo
desumpta publicauit lucis ope depicta Premerstein 1897 p. 263. Étienne
Lauréalt de Foncemagne erat ‘attaché aux manuscrits de la bibliothèque
du roi’ (cf. Premerstein 1897, 259).
46 Cf. Premerstein 1897, 262.
47 Cf. Bischoff apud Boldrini 1990, 24 (“ca. 830–850”). Teste Vincentio (cf.
Berger de Xivrey 1830, 89), R erat “un in-8° allongé”.
48 De quibus editionibus uberius infra, § XI, agetur.
49 Verba enim Iac. Sirmond. ex uet. cod. biblioth. Remensis, quae in summa
columna altera folii recti leguntur, iudice Omonto (1911, 742 adn. 2) exa-
rata sunt Rigaltii manu.