Petrology of the Kula Volcanic Field, Western Turkey

254 Pages·2013·26.03 MB·English

Petrology of the kula Volcanic Pielé

Western Turkey

A thesis eresented to the Fr

of New York

ef che stete Cniversity
at Alvany

fal fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree

Master of Ssicnce

School of Science and Mathematics

Department of Ganlogical sciences

gulie #. Byer

1987

Som « atm
Tuivisstee Uma,
‘Mba M122
Stase University of New York at slbsny
College of Scicnco and Mathenatica

Uspertnant. of Geological Sciences
The thesis for the master's degree subuitted by
Julie M. byer

under the titte
Petrology of the Kula Volcanic Field, Western Turkey
has bean read by the undersigned. It is heraby recomended

for aeceptance by the Faculty with exedit to the enount of

six sonaster hours

signe Seheghs JE Dh

@arey __ [fx

cimny _j Sho

(pare) __ it Hog (RT
(Signed) ane ak aA A.
anaes) __ fn /eg

Racemondation accented by the Dean of Graduate Stulies for

‘the Graduate Acuds

.¢ Council,
(Signed)

(vote)
VLADIMTR: 1 doo’t anderstand,

ESTRAGOY: Use your intelligence, can’t you?
(Vladiair ogee bia intelligence. |

VLADT2a2Z remgin ia the dark.

RATRAGOR: This ia how it ia.

Samuel Becket,
Waiting for Godot
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

LIST OF FIGURES.

LIST OF TARIRS.

ACKNOWLEDGWANTS. .

INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER T ~ PREVIOUS WORK...

CHAPTER IT ~ GEOLOGIC SETTING AND
TROTOMIC EVOLUTION...

HAPTAW ITT — STRATIGRAPHY. . v6
Ganeral atatenent. a6
Menderes Maagif.. 6
Neogene Sedimentary Rocks wis
Kula Resatts a.
Firat Perind #analts a
Second Period fasalts or)
Third Period tasalta.. 28

CMAPTER IV - PRTROGRAPHY AND ROCK CLASSIFICATION ........21

Rock Classification.

Terminology.

Patrogrupby,

General statement...

Representative Kavas.

Hornblande-benring trachybasalte

Porphyritic hormblende-besring
trachybasalte. teeene

43

Non-horublende-bearing
basanites. :
Nodula Petrography.

ma-9-sace.
TH-9-64y, 48

IN-3-597G +60

TH-9-64N, 63

CHAPTYN V - MAJOR ELAMENT CHEMISTRY, 56
Analytical Techaique....-.sceeeeeecee 58
Results, 56
CHAPTER VI -MINERAL CHEMISTRY. . 70
CLinepyroxene.. -70
Non-aluminous ¢Linopyroxene. 14
Alumingua diopside. s..ceeceecer ees 174
Aluminous sodie auwite. : “BE
Titanaugite.. as

Olivine. . 92
Rearautite und Perroan Pargasite. 38

Forublende alteration.
Apatite.

Spinal...

Feldepar.

Feldspathoids and deleted Phases.

teuctte. 128
Nepbaline. 132
Geblunite.. 132
Analcitet?) : 395

opaque Minerats. 137

Titumbiotite.. 139
Ttemphlognpltes see vc cceee

Sphane
Xenocryat theses.

orthapyrasene

Chinopyrovena. sc... ceeeeeeeee
Foldapar see
ouurta..

Carbonate.

CHAPTER VII ~ TRAGE ELEMRI

GEOCHEMISTRY.

Effect of Preparation technique
on Trace Blement Concentration,

Pata..

CHAPTER 91IT ~ STRONTIUM ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY.

CHAPTER Ix - DEScUSsTON.

Porlin] Melting of 8 Homogeneous Sources. ...1.....-168

Practionation Model!

Magna Wixing/aseimilation,

Paragenesia and Source of the Kula Voleanica....,..184
Origin of the Nodules.. +196
Model of Origia of the Magma. +198
Relationship belween Magmatism and Tectonics 200

REFERENCE: 205

APPENDIX zie
The Kula voleanies are a

veleanic fielé leested oa the

haben, approxtaateiy 120 kw

consista of s mixture of flows, azail cones and pyroclastic

Geposize erapted curicg theee perivda of yoleatis activizy

beginndag avout one millicn years age. The voleanios range
in composition frox basanites to trachybasalta, conmocly
perphyritie with auuadant olincpyeesane, olivine and
aupiibole phenouryszs. The levas alae boat 2 wide variety
of wegaurysts, crustal xeaotiths anc hydrous mentle-derived
nodul2s. These velcanias unconformably overlie Neogene
Ysousteine sedimentary socks an¢ the aetamorphio oasenees
reeks of the lute Poteraseie-Zocene Menderes Haosif.
Fesults of analyses sf up 0 24 lava samples and 4
yerous ultramsfis noguius fer whole reck malar elements,
selected trace elements acd fo/Sr isotopes are presented.
Parogenetic azde:s utilizing a least-squares aubtractive
pecgram for major elements cuggests thet fraclionaz
erystallizstion processes can explaia sowpositiona:
variations between precusts erupted Irom the aame core
during 2 single eruptive perio¢ , but not between different
canes or different eruption periods, Trace etenent
Sencertratioss da not seem to suppor: the gajor element
fragtionation models, khich suggests 2-nore complax origin

tor the lavas. Variations in trace elemant and possi
isstopte valuca support che aypotheats that the Kula scuree

region 4as andergone @ receat eartetmeat in :ncomva:ible

elementa,

to revenily propored modeis of
paragenesis for uvean ivlané beealts, chis ensictaent is
sauuall. Le be relsted te 2 anange froma sompraasianal to

snal tectonde regime 1c veatare Tarksy uetng

Neogene time. Further zsozopte gualysea will ne racescury

Us adequately test tuis nypotnesis.
Sampla locazise ang iadex cap
Yolsanian of western Tuckey
Keatectante provinces of Turkey.
Menderes massif augen gasisse..0cclecseleee le
Xenclith of Weudwres quaptaite ic huis acoria
Paked costal >erueen Neogene sedimentary
foeas anu Cirs: perios kyla Bazaltac..s
Norpaoloxy of first period plateau basalis..
Morptelogy of sacond pericd cinder and lava cones... 26
Novptolagy of snird period sincer and lava canes,

sud ad P08 sre ree ee

Grourdnass of tarckienae-bearing trachysasaita,
Showing flow faaria in geoundmase flegioe-ase
Concentric zoning in kawrautite from perphyeitic
korablande-pearing tracaypasalt... re.
Kaersut:te-titanaugite rig surrounding diivine,
Forpayritic hornblende—vearing trachybusalt...6ese0 043
Quartz xengenys: with glase and elinopyroaene rie
Origates opaque inglusiona in apatite,

nodule TH-9-850G..... feleeteeteees
Mingra: zonation (kaspeutite-titanbiotite—
keersutite-tizanaugite) in nodule T#-3-54N.
Apatate grains in peterogensaua glace,

reer)

nodule TH-9-6IN..ssscceree woe te eee eens e152
CLinopyroxene-snphipola sexiural relations,
NOGUIG TH-9-69F Se erseesssessssatereteee areeeer

Preferred orientation af keersutite, iocaliized
area of nodule TH-9-638.cceeree

Nepal + £20 vergus Sid2 variazion
diggran for Kura kote rook oaeaistry
Normative (eldspar plo: of xula wacle rock
Fhewistry
Magnesia sicistion Glugean, fir:
Kula whote ruvz chemisteys+.-.-
Mognesia variation dzagraa, second period xula

ang third period

whole rook Chemisteycesscecestecereeenetssreee stares c85
Subtraction dlagran ralating third period

lavas 9)-Ds... ve bet eee teeeeetee snes ge bE

APW diagram for Kuta vacla pook aampoatt:saa. 269

Phenocryst ainera: aneaistzy in the Mg-Pee>
sta ternary syaten teteteee
Clinopyrovene gicera: chemistry with Ca-Ta molecule
Subtratted in tae Mg-Fel+-Ca teraasy syste
Fetrograbis sharacteristics of aadlan
eLinopyroxenes...-.

Zuheavel conceateia zoning ia sodzan
Sitacpyroxenes

Slava texture ic titanaugite core... eereeueen ts
Aluminum coordication in kale olinopyroxanea...

Ca iz octvize versus Ca de Wacla reakissscseescscees cB?
Mods1 compositien of Kulz ultramafic nadusessrrssss099
Keersatize mineral sheaistry sseseeveres arr
Keepautite witn resoebed eargia.
Progressica of azpizscle breacdoua to
apnyarous phases

Apatite tabit: ia nocuia cH-9-69cG..
Kuta Teldspar a:neral chesisiry plotted
in the au-Or-&> ternary sysven
Sersutite crysiais tn tia of plagloviace

cite nabit is third periog iavea
Gahlenite~sumiccus salite wegaoryats

xtural reletions in

Trace eiomeat-Mg sumser variation 4iggrausy
Hula wkote rack enoudsite-nermalized rare var
emont Patlerngrseesscsscsssesstsscaecees
Stse/88sr versus 3° variasion dicgramsecscsss:
SaeeESe versus Jfse ygriation dagrams ss...
Sar versus 3? Ruy
variation Eiagrap..tree
Eutayee Fedt-rich augite santied oy

bitamaugites se...

Cr versus art variation diagram.
Thermal getanorpkic texture in titanaugiter
kasrautite yenelithe..cee

Trace elemant variation d:a
Hanson, !975)~. :
Erste aed ar/Y versus Zp variaion dlagrae
Chemical character of western turkish voleanian
as 2 faracton of time rere]

aus (after Son acd