Petrology for Students

452 Pages·1978·49.394 MB·English

by  S. R. Nockolds, R. W. O'B. Knox, G. A. Chinner

PETROLOGY
FOR STUDENTS
S.R.Nockolds
R.W.O’B.Knox
G.A.Chinner
University of Strathclyde
The Andersonian Library
1
30125 00092788 8
PETROLOGY FOR STUDENTS
ANDERSONIAN LIBRARY
WITHDRAWN
FROM
LIBRARY
STOCK
■A-
UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE

PETROLOGY
FOR STUDENTS
S. R. NOCKOLDS
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
R. W. O’B. KNOX
Petrographer at the Institute of Geological Sciences, Leeds
G. A.CHINNER
Lecturer in Petrology, Cambridge University
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE
LONDON • NEW YORK • MELBOURNE
Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 irp
Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London nwi 2DB
32 East 57th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
296 Beaconsfield Parade, Middle Park, Melbourne 3206, Australia
© Cambridge University Press 1978
First published 1978
Printed in Great Britain by
Cox & Wyman Ltd, London, Fakenham and Reading
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data
Nockolds, Stephen Robert
Petrology for students
Includes index
1. Petrology I. Knox, Robert William O’Brien, 1942-joint author.
II. Chinner, G. A., 1932-joint author. III. Title
QE431.2.N6 552 77-3635
ISBN o 521 21443 6 hard covers
ISBN o 521 29184 4 paperback
CONTENTS
Preface vii
I Igneous rocks: Dr S. R. Nockolds
I Igneous rocks and their textures 3
2 The classification of igneous rocks 9
3 Granitic rocks 18
4 Silicic volcanic and hypabyssal rocks 37
5 Syenites 37
6 Trachytes and microsyenites 66
7 Monzonites, monzodiorites, monzogabbros 74
8 Latites, latite-andesites, allied volcanics and their
hypabyssal equivalents 81
9 Diorites 90
io Andesites and their hypabyssal equivalents 96
ii Gabbros and related rocks 102
12 Basalts and dolerites 117
Ultramafic igneous rocks 138
14 Nepheline syenites and allied rocks 155
J5 Phonolites, related volcanics and their hypabyssal
rep r esentati ves 166
16 Nepheline monzonites, essexites and related rocks 175
i7 Tephrites, basanites, allied volcanics and their
hypabyssal representatives 183
18 Ultra-alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites 193
19 Lamprophyres 203
20 Pyroclastic rocks 212
II Sedimentary rocks: Dr R. W. O’B. Knox
21 Sedimentary rocks - introduction 219
22 Sedimentary textures 223
23 Argillaceous rocks 238
vi Contents
24 Arenaceous rocks 247
25 Calcareous rocks 267
26 Dolomitic rocks 284
27 Siliceous rocks 291
28 Phosphatic rocks 303
29 Ferruginous rocks 312
30 Manganiferous rocks 325
31 Saline rocks 329
32 Carbonaceous rocks 334
III Metamorphic rocks: Dr G. A. Chinner
33 Metamorphism; deformation and recrystallisation 343
34 Metasomatism and melting 364
35 The facies classification of metamorphic rocks 372
36 Progressive regional metamorphism 385
37 Granulites and eclogites 402
38 The blueschist (glaucophane-schist) facies 414
39 Very low-grade metamorphism 421
Index 427
PREFACE
When Cambridge University Press decided not to reprint Dr A.
Harker’s well-known Petrology for Students it was suggested that a
replacement be provided on the same lines.
The present book, in which the section on igneous rocks has been
written by Nockolds, that on sedimentary rocks by Knox and that on
metamorphic rocks by Chinner, is the result. Dr Harker’s book, with
its emphasis on carefully drafted drawings of thin sections, has for many
years provided an essentially petrographic text for elementary classes in
petrology. We have attempted to continue in this role, sufficient refer­
ence being made to the relevant scientific literature for the student to
relate petrography to petrogeny.
Through the courtesy of CUP we have been able to use any of
Harker’s thin-section drawings, and in the igneous section the majority
of the drawings are his. Knox has drawn all the figures (except fig. 24.1)
for the sedimentary section, and Chinner those (except fig. 36.5) for the
metamorphic section. We are grateful to Mr G. M. Part for drawing
figs. 3.1, 3.2. and 3.6, and to Dr Germaine Joplin for drawing figs. 9.1,
16.1 and 16.2. Figs. 12.1, 12.3 and 20.1 are reproduced from Dr
Joplin’s A Petrography of Australian Igneous Rocks by kind permission
of the author and the publishers, Angus and Robertson, and fig. 36.7 by
kind permission of the Clarendon Press.
Virtually all of the thin sections illustrated in the igneous and
metamorphic divisions of the book are available in the Harker Collec­
tion of Rock Slices in the Department of Mineralogy and Petrology,
Cambridge University. We are grateful to the many contributors and to
the successive curators who have built up and conserved this valuable
collection.
S.R.N.
R.W.O’B.K.
G.A.C.
December 1976
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