Petrolisthes extremus, A New Porcelain Crab (Decapoda, Anomura, Porcellanidae) From The Indo west Pacific

6 Pages·1994·1.9 MB·English

by  R K Kropp

PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH.
107(2), 1994, pp. 312-317
PETROLISTHES EXTREMUS, A NEW PORCELAIN CRAB
(DECAPODA: ANOMURA: PORCELLANIDAE)
FROM THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
Roy K. Kropp and Janet Haig
Abstract.—Petrolisthes extremus, new species, is described from several lo-
cationsin the Indo-west Pacific. Thenewspeciesis mostsimilartoP. coccineus
andP. carinipes, with which it shares atransversely rugose carapace, sinuously
triangular front, and one epibranchial spine. Petrolisthes extremus is distin-
guished from the P. coccineus by having the lateral margins ofthe carapace
not converging strongly between its widest point and the epibranchial spines
and by having the carpus ofthe cheliped relatively shorterand wider. Petrolis-
thes extremus is distinguished from P. carinipes by having a narrower front of
the carapace that has sharply oblique lateral lobes. The new species is known
from Cocos Keeling, the Kermadec Islands, Lord Howe Island, Easter Island,
the Mariana Islands, and Taiwan.
Among several collections ofporcellanid Petrolisthes extremus, new species
crabs from the Indo-west Pacificwere spec- Fig. 1
imens belonging to an undescribed species
Petrolisthes, sp.—Whitelegge, 1889:36 [list,
of Petrolisthes. Study of the material re- Lord Howe Island].
vealed that several previous literature rec- &
Petrolisthes lamarcki.—Gillett McNeill,
ords also could be referred to the new spe-
1959:158, pi. 152, figureatbottomofpage
cies. [Lord Howe Island]. [Not Petrolisthes la-
The material used in this study is located
intheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory, Petmraorlcisktihies(Lceoaccchi,neu1s8.20—)G].iWett & McNeill,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
(USNM), the Natural History Museum of 1962:158, pi. 152, figure at bottom of
page; Gillett and McNeill, 1967:158, pi.
LmeorslyAnwgeerleesassCoocuinatteyd(wtihtehctohleleAcltliaonnsHafonr-- 152, figure atbottom ofpage [Lord Howe
Island]. [NotPetrolisthescoccineus(Owen,
cock Foundation), Los Angeles, California
[LACM (AHF)], the Bemice P. Bishop Mu- 1839)].
Petrolisthes n. sp. 2 [Haig, ms].—Kropp et
tsreaulmia,nHMonuosleuulmu,,HSaywdanieiy,(BAPusBtMr)a,litahe(AAMu)s,- al., 1981:39 [Guam]; Kropp & Eldredge,
the National Museum of New Zealand, 1982:125 [Cabras Island, Guam].
Wellington, NewZealand(NMNZ), andthe Type material.—Hololype: Mariana Is-
Institute ofZoology, Academia Sinica, Tai- lands: Guam; Asan Point; shoreat lowtide;
pei, Taiwan (IZAS). 13 Jun 1980; coll. R. K. Kropp; 1 S LACM
Abbreviations used are: cl, carapace 80-151.1 (AHF 8014). Paratypes: Cocos
length; cw, carapace width; coll., collector; Keeling Island: West Island (ocean side);
ft, feet; m, meters; mm, millimeters; and cove on N end (12°8'22"S, 96°49'0"E); dead
ovig., ovigerous. coral; <1 m; 22 Feb 1974; coll. Smith-
9
VOLUME 107, NUMBER 2 313
USNM
Vanizetal., 1 2(ovig.) 190765. Ker- 1 juv.; reeffront under rock; 2-3 m; 24, 31
cmoalld.eRc.ISs.laBnedlsl: &SuWn.daRy.IsBl.anOdl;iv1er9;099-13,9170;$ HMoawye1I9s8l6a;nd:1c<o5,lle1ct2ed(obveifgo.r)eU1S90N0M;.1 2LAorMd
(3 ovig.)NMNZ. Taiwan: HsanTiaoChiao; G.2420, 2 5, 2 2 AM G.2512; collected be-
AM
10 May 1969; coll. Ting; 1 3 IZAS. Yeh Liu fore 1909; coU. A. R. McCulloch; 2 2
Pi; poison station; 2 m; 28 Jun 1978; coll. P.1131; 1921; coll. A. R. McCulloch; 2 <5
LACM AM AM
L2.37G..1 (ElAdHrFe)d;geK;ue2i-<5,An1;24(7ovkimg.)SofHualie7n8;- beforPe.51294284,;1co(5,U.5 G2. P. PW.hi5t4e2l9y;;c4ol3leActMed
subtidal under rock; 2 Jul 1978; coll. L. G. P.6883;Ned'sBeach;Jul 1959;coll. E. Pope;
USNM AM
Eldredge; 1 2 (ovig.) 210587. Mar- 1 2 P.15168; Ned's Beach; from coral;
AM
iana Islands: Guam; Asan Point; shore at Oct 1962; coll. J. Booth; 1 3 P.15169;
AM
low tide; 13 Jun 1980; coll. R. K. Kropp; 1 6 Mar 1963; coll. J. Booth; 1 3, 2 2
LACM
2 (ovig.) 80-151.2 (AHF); Piti Bay; P.15170.
W
outer reefflat ofCamel Rock; down 1- Measurements.—¥i.o\oXyT£>Q: cl, 6.6 mm,
2 m in consolidated rubble; 11 Jun 1986; cw, 6.5 mm. Paratypes:largestmale:cl, 11.3
coU. B. D. Smith & H. Conley; 2 2 (ovig.) mm, cw, 10.5 mm; largest female: cl. 9.8
BPBM. Easter Island: from starfish stom- mm, cw, 9.7 mm; smallest ovigerous fe-
ach; Jan 1965; coll. I. Effbrd & J. Mathias; male: cl, 5.0 mm, cw, 4.6 mm.
1 3 LACM 65-325.2 (AHF 654); Anakena; Diagnosis. —Carapace with distinct
20-25 ft [7-8 m]; 15 Jan 1965; coll. I. Effbrd transverse rugae each with anterior row of
& LACM
J. Mathias; 1 S (damaged) 65- setae, 1 epibranchial spine present; front
325.1 (AHF); Motu Iti; rock; 8 Aug 1972; sinuously triangular, margin serrated, su-
coll. H. I. Moyano; 1 2 LACM 72-358.1 praocular spine present. Chelipeds slightly
(AHF). unequal in size; carpus with squamate me-
Other material examined. —Taiwan: dianlongitudinalridge,anteriormarginwith
Kuei-An; 47 km S of Hualien; on Pocillo- 3-4 spine-tipped teeth, posterior margin
pora danaeVerrill and Stylophorapistillata with 3 spines; dorsal surface ofmanus di-
(Esper); 1-3 m; 23 Jul 1979; coll. R. K. videdbylongitudinalsquamousridge,outer
USNM
Kropp; 3 2, 2 3 210585, 210586; portionwithgranules,outermarginserrated
San Hsien Tai; on Pocillopora danae; 3 m; andwith 6 ormore spineson proximal half;
25 Jul 1979; coll. R. K. Kropp; specimen inner edges of fingers serrated, gape with
USNM
parasitized by rhizocephalan, very short setae, projecting only slightly
210584. Mariana Islands: Anatahan; "Ob- above surfaces offingers. Merus ofwalking
servation Spot"; intertidal under rocks; 1 legswithtransversestriations,anteriormar-
USNM
Jul 1981; coll. L. G. Eldredge; 3 2 gin with 3-8 spines and fringed with plu-
210588; subtidal under rock; 5-7 m; 19 Jul mosesetae, posterodistal spines 2, 2, 0; car-
1981; 1 2 USNM. Pagan; Katsu; subtidal pus of first walking leg with or without
under rock; 2 m; 7 Mar 1981; 2 2 USNM; anterodistal spine.
"Palapala Bay"; under rock; 1 m; 15 Jul Description.—Carapace slightly longer
1981; 1 2 USNM. Guam; Piti Bay; outer than broad, broadest at posterior branchial
reefflat; intertidal; 13, 15 Jun 1980; 3 Jun region, lateral margins strongly converging
1981; 3 5, 2 2 (1 ovig.) USNM; outer reef anteriorly, cristate. Front sinuously trian-
flat; down 1-2 m in consolidated coral rub- gular,laterallobeoblique,lessproducedthan
ble; 18 May, 1 1 Jun 1986; coll. B. D. Smith medianlobe; margincrenulate; protogastric
& H. Conley; 2 5, 2 2 (ovig.) USNM; Lu- lobes fringedanteriorlywith plumose setae,
minao; reef front under rock; 6 m; 8 Sep dividedbymediangroove. Supraocularlobe
1980; coU. V. Tyndzik; 1 $ USNM. Pago well-developed, spine usually present, oc-
Bay; outer reefflat; intertidal; 3 May 1980; casionally obsolescent. Orbits shallow, very
:
314 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE BIOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
oblique; outer orbital angle not produced, extending from base ofdactyl nearly to ar-
or produced into very small tooth. Epi- ticulation with carpus; surface inside this
branchial spine well-developed. Gastric re- crest with oblique rugae or flattened squa-
gion with strong transverse striae, some- mae; surface to outside covered with flat-
times interrupted at midline; hepatic, tened or somewhat upstanding granules;
anterior branchial, outer margin of poste- ventralsurfaceobliquelyrugose. Dactylwith
riorbranchial with shorterstriae; frontalre- longitudinal row of prominent, flattened
gion crossed with fine transverse lines; car- squamae; surfaceoffixedfingerslightlycon-
diac, posterior branchials except near cave, usually granulate; cuttingedges meet-
margins finely punctate, appearing smooth. ing forentire length; in some individuals of
Striae ofcarapacelined anteriorlywith very both sexes, fingers of 1 cheliped gaping and
fine, short setae, extending less than half cutting edge of dactyl with strong conical
way between crests ofadjacent striae. tooth proximally; ventral surfaces offingers
Basalsegmentsofantennuleswithseveral withflattenedgranules,innersidewithshort,
irregularly-spaced denticles ofvarying size sparse pubescence or none. All segments of
on anterior margin. First movable segment cheliped with very short, fine setae arising
of antennae with strong, spinnule-tipped from distal side ofgranules and rugae, but
lobe on anterior margin; second rugose or these scarcely visible except at margins; in
strongly granulate along anterior margin, smallerspecimens a fringealongoutermar-
tubercle sometimes developed anteroprox- gin ofchela; in larger adults this fringe ab-
imally; third smooth. sentorconfinedtoproximalportionofmar-
Dorsal extension ofocularpeduncle onto gin; usually fringe of plumose setae along
cornea triangular, lined with simple setae, distal side ofeach inner carpal tooth.
single larger seta distally (often missing in Walking legs rugose dorsally; dorsal sur-
preserved specimens); cornea round in lat- face of all segments with simple setae of
eral view. varying length; merus with thick fringe of
Merusofchelipedstransverselyrugoseon plumose setaealonganteriormargin. Leg 1
dorsal and ventral surfaces; inner margin merus with 6-9 spines on anterior margin,
with strong rugose tooth or lobe, its edges 2 well-developed posterodistal spines (the
crenulate; distal margin with one or two smaller, more anterior spine occasionally
spines, lined distally with plumose setae; obsolescent);carpuswithanterodistalspine;
median or subproximal spine usually pres- propodus with 2-3 movable spinules along
ent on outer portion ofdorsal surface. Car- midline ofposterior margin. Leg 2: merus
pus (excluding inner marginal teeth) about with 4-8 spines on anterior margin, 2 well-
twice as long as wide; inner margin with 3- developedposterodistal spines(the smaller,
4 strong teeth, these serrate or crenulate more anterior spine occasionally obsoles-
alongedges, oftenwith smallerdenticlesbe- cent); carpus without anterodistal spine;
tweenthem; seriesof5-6 spinesalongdistal propodus with 2-3 movable spinules along
half of outer margin, including 1 at outer midline ofposterior margin. Leg 3: merus
distalangle;dorsalsurfacewith median lon- with 3-5 spines on anterior margin, pos-
gitudinal row ofbroad, flat squamae, inner terodistal margin unarmed; carpus without
portion (including marginal teeth) covered anterodistal spine; propodus with 2 mov-
with smaller flattened granules; ventral sur- able spinules along midline of posterior
face with transverse rugae. Palm with outer margin. Dactyls ofall legs with 3 movable
margin thin, strongly curved, serrated and spinules on posterior margin.
proximally spinulate in smaller specimens, Co/oration.—0\era\\ color of carapace,
crenulate or with blunt teeth in larger ones; chelipeds, and walking legs mottled light
dorsal surface with stronglongitudinal crest green, blue, and bright white with scattered
VOLUME 107, NUMBER 2 315
Fig. 1. Petrolisthesextremus. new species, paratype $ (Kermadec, NMNZ): a, b, chelipeds (dorsal view); c,
carapace;d,leftcheliped(ventralview);e-g,rightwalkinglegs 1, 2, 3;h,righteye(dorsal,lateralviews);i,basal
mm mm mm
segment ofrightantennule. Scale: 2.2 (a, b, d); 1.5 (c, e-g); 1 (h-i).
burgundy spots; red setae line rugae ofcar- uously triangular frontal region, a supra-
apace. Propodus and dactylus of walking ocularspine, andasingleepibranchial spine.
legs with transverse burgundy and white The ranges of the three species overlap in
bands. the western Pacific. Petrolisthes extremus
Remarks.—In the Indo-west Pacific, P. ranges from Taiwan and the Mariana Is-
extremus is most similar to P. coccineus lands south to Lord Howe Island and east
(Owen)andP. carinipes(Heller),withwhich to Easter Island. Petrolisthes carinipes oc-
itsharesatransverselyrugosecarapace, sin- curs from the Red Sea and western Indian
316 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
Oceantothe Ryukyu, Ogasawara, Mariana, liped and the spination on the posterior
and Chesterfield Islands in the western Pa- margin of the merus of the third walking
cific (Haig 1983, 1987). Petrolisthes cocci- leg.Thecarpusofthechelipedisabouttwice
neus ranges throughout the Indian Ocean, as long as wide in P. extremus, but much
thewesternPacificfrom IndonesiatoJapan, more than twice as long as wide in P. coc-
and extends eastward from the Ogasawara cineus. Theposterodistalmarginofthethird
and Mariana Islands to the Hawaiian Is- walking leg is unarmed in P. extremus, but
lands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (Haig armed with one or two spines in P. cocci-
1983). neus. Also, in P. coccineus the front is nar-
The coloration ofthe three species differs rowly triangular with the lateral lobes even
sharply. In contrast to the mottled light more oblique and obscure than in P. extre-
green, blue, and bright white with scattered mus;the strongtransverse striaeon thegas-
burgundy spots marking the carapace and tric region are interrupted in the midline by
chelipeds ofP. extremus, those ofP. cari- ashortbutdistinctinterspace;andthenum-
nipes are dark red-brown, appearing black ber ofspines on the anterior margin ofthe
to the unaided eye (RKK, personal obser- merus of the walking legs averages a little
vation ofmaterial from Guam). The cara- higher (5 to 9, 7 to 9, and 5 to 8 on legs 1,
paceofP. carinipesalsoismarkedwithwhite 2, and 3, respectively).
spots at the tip of the rostrum, at the su- Etymology.—From the Latin, extremus,
praocular spines, and along the lateral and meaning outermost orfarthest away. When
medial regions. White spots also occur on study ofthis taxon began by one ofus (JH),
thechelipedsofP. carinipes. InP. coccineus, the only material available had been col-
thecarapace ispale blue-greenwiththegas- lected from Lord Howe, Kermadec, and
tric region marked with pale yellow-orange Easter Islands, the "outposts" ofthe trop-
andadarkyellow-orangegastricridge(RKK, ical or subtropical Indo-west Pacific. Al-
personal observation of material from though later collections from Taiwan and
Guam). The manus ofP. coccineus is blue- the Marianas counter the idea that the spe-
green and marked with a distinctive orange cies is an "outpost taxon," the initial name
longitudinal crest and yellow-orange along was retained, at least in part, to refer to the
the outer margin. interesting distribution ofthe taxon in the
PetrolisthescarinipesandP. extremusare southern hemisphere portion ofits range.
very similar in the striation pattern ofthe Habitat.—In the Mariana Islands, found
carapace and in the form and armature of under rocks, generally subtidal to a depth
thechelipedsandwalkinglegs. However, in of7 m; occasionally in the intertidal zone.
P. carinipesthelateralcarapace marginsare In Taiwan, also onbaseofpocilloporidcor-
evenlyconvexbetweentheepibranchialand als.
posterolateralangles, thelateral lobesofthe Distribution.—Petrolisthes extremus
front are nearly transverse, and the orbits ranges from Taiwan and the Mariana Is-
are regularly concave between the supra- lands in the western Pacific south to Lord
ocular spine and the outer orbital angle. In Howe Islandandeastwardtothe Kermadec
P. extremus the carapace is strongly diver- Islands and Easter Island.
gentposteriorly,thelaterallobesofthefront
are sharply oblique, and the orbits oblique
Acknowledgments
betweenthesupraocularspineandtheouter
orbital angle. We thank I. E. Efford for donating ma-
Petrolisthes extremus may be most easily terial to AHF from the Medical Expedition
distinguished from P. coccineus by the rel- to Easter Island (METEI), 1964-1965, and
ative proportions ofthe carpus ofthe che- J. C. Yaldwyn and the late F. A. McNeill
—
VOLUME 107, NUMBER 2 317
for the loan of specimens to AHF. RKK Eldredge,eds..Assessmentoftheshoalwateren-
thanks the University of Guam Marine dviervoenlmoepnmtesnitntahteCvaicbirnaistyIosfltahned,prGoupoasme.d—OTUnEiC-
LaboUraStoNrMy,theUniversityofMaryland,and versity ofGuam Marine Laboratory Technical
the for support during field work in Report 79:1-208.
the Marianas. Funding for field work has , D. S. Wooster, & L. G. Eldredge. 1981. Pre-
been supported in part by a grant from the liminarychecklistofanomurancrustaceansfrom
BiologicalOceanographySection oftheNa- Gorugaamn.isPmps.f3r9om^1GuianmA.—woUrnkiivnegrsliitstyooffmGaurianme
tional Science Foundation to G. J. Vermeij. Marine Laboratory Technical Report 70:1-88.
Field work in Taiwan was part of a joint Leach, W. E. 1820. Galateadees.—Dictionnaire des
NSF/Republic of China-sponsored study Sciences Naturelles 18:49-56.
conductedbytheUniversityofGuam. This Owen,R. 1839. Pp. 77-92inThezoologyofCaptain
is University ofGuam Marine Laboratory Beechey'svoyage;compiledfromthecollections
andnotesmadebyCaptainBeechey,theofficers
Contribution Number 349.
andnaturalistoftheexpedition,duringavoyage
to the Pacific and Behring's Straits performed
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