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PETROLEUM NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY Modern Applications for a Sustainable Future PETROLEUM NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY Modern Applications for a Sustainable Future Nour Shafik El-Gendy, PhD Prof. of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA) Hussein Nabil Nassar, PhD Researcher of Environmental Biotechnology Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA) James G. Speight PhD, DSc CD&W Inc., USA First edition published 2022 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 4164 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, ON, L7L 1A4 Canada Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2022 Apple Academic Press, Inc. 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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Petroleum nanobiotechnology : modern applications for a sustainable future / Nour Shafik El-Gendy, PhD, Hussein Nabil Nassar, PhD, James G. Speight, PhD. Names: El-Gendy, Nour Shafĭk, author. | Nassar, Hussein Mohamed Nabil, author. | Speight, James G., author. Description: First edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20210323000 | Canadiana (ebook) 20210323116 | ISBN 9781774630051 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638262 (softcover) | ISBN 9781003160564 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Petroleum—Microbiology. | LCSH: Petroleum—Biotechnology. | LCSH: Nanobiotechnology. | LCSH: Nanoparticles. Classification: LCC QR53.5.P48 E44 2022 | DDC 665.5—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data CIP data on file with US Library of C o ngress ISBN: 978-1-77463-005-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77463-826-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00316-056-4 (ebk) About the Authors Nour Shafik El‑Gendy, PhD Nour Shafik El-Gendy, PhD, is a professor in the field of petroleum and environmental biotechnology. She is Head Manager of the Petroleum Biotechnology Labo ratory and Former Acting and Vice Head of Process Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). Additionally, Dr. El-Gendy is Coordinator of Nanobiotechnology Program, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus. She is also Head of the Tech nology Innovation Support Center (TISC) office and Vice Head of Center of Excellence and member in Entrepreneurship Hub in October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, MSA University. She is a member of the Tech nical, Monitoring and Performance Evaluation Office and the coordinator of Water, Energy, and Environment Committee of the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT). She is the Former Advisor for the Egyptian Minster of Environment. She is the Vice Coordinator of the Scientific Research Committee and a member in the Rural Woman Committee, National Council for Women (NCW) of Egypt. Dr. El-Gendy was an executive committee member of the Egyptian Young Academy of Sciences (EYAS). She is also a member of many technical committees for the preparation of regulations of different faculties concerned with energy, environmental and biochemical engineering. She is an expert in the assessment of environmental pollution and its remediation, wastewater treatment, biofuels, petroleum upgrading, green chemistry, nanobiotechnology, valorization of wastes, biocorrosion, and its mitigation. She has published 10 chapters, five books, and 116 research papers, and has supervised 27 MSc and PhD theses. Dr. El-Gendy is also an editor and reviewer for many international journals. She has also partici pated as PI, Co-PI, or research member in research projects concerned with bioethanol from lignocellulosic wastes, biofuels from algae, applications of nanobiotechnology in upgrading of petroleum, and bioremediation of polluted environment. Dr. El-Gendy participated in many international workshops and training courses and international conferences and seminars. vi About the Authors She is a member of many international associations and organizations concerned with petroleum industry and environmental health and sciences. She is also an active member in national committees concerning sustainable development, water desalination, wastewater treatment, biofuel standards, petroleum pollution, chemical engineering, and biotechnology. She is in international collaboration with different foreign international universities. Dr. El-Gendy’s teaching experience is with the Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); and Faculty of Science, Monofiya University, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University and Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. Dr. El-Gendy awarded professional diplomas for “Preparing Arab Women Leaders Internationally and Regionally,” documented by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry and “Environmental Management”. She honored in many scientific forums and awarded from India the International Scientist Award 2021 on Engineering, Science and Medicine. Her biography is recorded in Who’s Who in Science and Engineering. Hussein Nabil Nassar, PhD Hussein Nabil Nassar, PhD, is a researcher in the field of petroleum and environ mental biotechnology. He is a member of the Petroleum Biotechnology Laboratory, Process Design and Development Depart ment at Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Egypt. He is a lecturer in the Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, Cairo, Egypt. He is also a member of the Technology Innovation Support Center (TISC) office and the Center of Excellence, at the same university. He is also a scientific member of Liquid Chromatography and Water unit at Central Analytical Laboratories, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institution, as well as a lecturer in the Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus. About the Authors vii Dr. Nassar received his PhD in the field of petroleum and environmental biotechnology from Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. He has published six book chapters, one book, and 44 research papers, and has supervised 4 PhD theses in the field of biofuels, biocorrosion, environmental pollution, bioremediation, valorization of agro-industrial wastes, nanobiotechnology, and wastewater treatment. Dr. Nassar is also an editor and reviewer in several international journals in the field of environmental biotechnology and pollution, bioenergy, nanobiotechnology, and petroleum microbiology and biotechnology. He participated as a research member in projects concerning bioethanol from lignocellulosic wastes, applications of nano biotechnology in upgrading of petroleum, and bioremediation of petroleum polluted environment. He has participated in many international workshops and training courses and international conferences. Dr. Nassar is a member in many international associations concerned with petroleum industry, and environmental health and sciences. James G. Speight, PhD, DSc James G. Speight, PhD, DSc, has doctorate degrees in chemistry, geological sciences, and petroleum engineering and is the author of more than 85 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biosciences, and environmental sciences as well as books relating to ethics and ethical issues. Dr Speight has more than 50 years of experience in areas associated with (1) the properties, recovery, and refining of reservoir fluids, (2) conventional petroleum, heavy oil, and tar sand bitumen, (3) properties and refining of natural gas, gaseous fuels, and crude oil quality, (4) production and properties of petrochemicals from various sources, (5) properties and refining of biomass, biofuels, biogas, and the generation of bioenergy, (6) reactor and catalyst technology, and (7) the environmental and toxicological effects of crude oil and its products. His work has also focused on safety issues, environmental effects, remediation, reactors associated with the production and use of fuels and biofuels, process economics, as well as ethics in science and engineering and in ethic in the universities. In 1996, Dr. Speight was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences and awarded the Gold Medal of Honor that same year for outstanding contributions viii About the Authors to the field of petroleum sciences. In 2001, he received the Scientists without Borders Medal of Honor of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was also awarded the Einstein Medal for outstanding contributions and service in the field of geological sciences. In 2005, the Russian Academy of Sciences awarded Dr. Speight the Gold Medal—Scientists without Frontiers, in recognition of Continuous Encouragement of Scientists to Work Together Across International Borders. In 2007, Dr. Speight received the Methanex Distinguished Professor award at the University of Trinidad and Tobago in recognition of excellence in research. In 2018, he was awarded the American Excellence Award for Excellence in Client Solutions, United States Institute of Trade and Commerce, Washington, DC. Contents Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................xi Preface .................................................................................................................... xv 1. Petroleum Microbiology and Nanotechnology .............................................1 2. Phytosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles .......................................................69 3. Microbial Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles .............................................143 4. Biosynthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ..............................................201 5. Nanobiotechnology and Mitigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Petroleum Industry ...........................................249 6. Application of Nanobiotechnology in Petroleum Refining ......................281 7. Nanobiotechnology and Petroleum Wastewater Treatment ....................315 8. Future Aspects of Nanobiotechnology in Petroleum Industry ................361 Glossary ................................................................................................................423 Index .....................................................................................................................455