Petri Nets in Flexible and Agile Automation

391 Pages·1995·26.841 MB·English

by  MengChu Zhou, Richard Zurawski (auth.), MengChu Zhou (eds.)

PETRI NETS IN FLEXIBLE AND
AGILE AUTOMATION
PETRI NETS IN FLEXIBLE AND
AGILE AUTOMATION
edited by
MengChu Zhou
New Jersey Institute of Technology
~.
"
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
ISBN 978-1-4613-5938-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-2231-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2231-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available
from the Library of Congress.
Copyright @ 1995 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1995
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
Contributors vii
1 Introduction to Petri Nets in Flexible and Agile Automation 1
MengChu Zhou and Richard Zurawski
2 Application of Petri Nets to Sequence Control Programming 43
Tomohiro Murata
3 Computer Aided Design of Logic Controllers with Petri Nets 71
Luca Ferrarini
4 Automatic Generation of Sequence Control Programs via Petri
Nets and Logic Tables for Industrial Applications 93
Takashi Sato and Kazuo Nose
5 Planning and Scheduling Based on Petri Nets 109
Jean-Marie Proth and Ioannis Minis
6 Petri Net-Based Heuristic Scheduling for Flexible Manufac-
turing 149
Doo Yong Lee and Frank DiCesare
7 Scheduling and Rescheduling of AGVs for Flexible and Agile
Manufacturing 189
Shifang Li, Toshi Takamori, and Satoshi Tadokoro
8 Stochastic Petri Net Models of Communication and Flexible
Systems 207
Jiacun Wang and Sheng bing Jiang
v
vi CONTENTS
9 Deadlock A voidance Policy for Flexible Manufacturing Sys-
ter.ns 239
Keyi Xing, Baosheng Hu, and Haoxun Chen
10 Discrete-Event Control Design for Manufacturing Syster.ns
via Ladder Logic Diagrar.ns and Petri Nets: A Cor.nparative
Study 265
Kurapati Venkatesh, MengChu Zhou, and Reggie J. Caudill
11 Fror.n State Transition Models to DFD Extended Methods for
Specifying Reactive Syster.ns 305
Abd-El-Kader Sahraoui
12 Supervisory Control Specification and Synthesis 337
Mohsen Ja/an
Index 369
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contribu
tion begin.
Reggie J. Caudill (265), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cen
ter for Manufacturing Systems, New Jersey Institute of Technology,
Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Haoxun Chen (239), Systems Engineering Institute, Xian Jiaotong Uni
versity, Xian 710049, P. R. of China.
Frank DiCesare (149), Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590,
USA.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Luca Ferrarini (71), Dipatimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politec
nico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano - ITALY.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]. it
Baosheng Hu (239), Systems Engineering Institute, Xian Jiaotong Uni
versity, Xian 710049, P. R. of China.
Mohsen Jafari (337), Department ofIndustrial Engineering Rutgers Uni
versity, P. O. Box 909, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]. edu
Shengbing Jiang (207), Department of Automatic Control, Nanjing Uni
versity of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, P. R. of China.
vii
viii Contributors
Doo Yong Lee (149), Department of Precision Engineering and Mecha
tronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 373-1 Kusong-dong Yusong-gu, Taejon,
305-701, Korea.
Shifang Li (189), Takamori Laboratory, Department of Computer and
System Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657,
Japan.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Ioannis Minis (109), Institute for Systems Research, University of Mary
land, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]. edu
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Tomohiro Murata (43), Systems Department Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.
1099 Ohzenji, Asao-ku, Kawasaki 215, Japan.
Kazuo Nose (93), Electronics Research Laboratory, Kobe Steel, Ltd.,
5-5, l-chome, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-22, Japan.
Jean-Marie Proth (109), INRI A-Lorraine Technopole Metz 2000, 4 rue
Marconi, F-57070 Metz,France.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Abd-EI-Kader Sahraoui (305), Laboratoire d'Architecture des Sys
temes du C.N.R.s, 7, Avenue Colonel Roche 31077 Toulouse, France.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Takashi Sato (93), Industry Machinery Group, Kobe Steel, Ltd. 3-1,
2-chome, Shinhama, Arai-cho, takasago 676, Japan.
Electronic-mail address: G F D03414 @niftyserve. or.jp
Satoshi Tadokoro (189), Takamori Laboratory, Department of Com
puter and System Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada,
Kobe 657, Japan.
Toshi Takamori (189), Takamori Laboratory, Department of Computer
and System Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe
657, Japan.
Contributors ix
Kurapati Venkatesh (265), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cen
ter for Manufacturing Systems, New Jersey Institute of Technology,
Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]. ed'll,
Jiacun Wang (207), Department of Automatic Control, Nanjing Uni
versity of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, P. R. of China.
Keyi Xing (239), Systems Engineering Institute, Department of Applied
Mathematics, Xidian University, and Xian Jiaotong University, Xian
710049, P. R. of China.
MengChu Zhou (1, 265), Laboratory for Discrete Event Systems, De
partment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manu
facturing Systems, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
07102-1982, USA.
Electronic-mail address: zhou@njit. ed'll,
Richard Zurawski (1), Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Systems,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swiburne Uni
versity of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Melbourne, Vic. 3122, Australia.
Electronic-mail address: [email protected]
Preface
Companies around the world are competing for tomorrow's opportunities.
One such opportunity is the development and implementation of flexible
and agile manufacturing systems to maintain and improve their competitive
edge in the world market. Both researchers and engineers are constantly
seeking advanced and unifying methodologies for modeling, design, analysis,
performance evaluation, scheduling, and control of these systems whose
complexity is kept increasing rapidly. One methodology resulting from this
effort is based on Petri nets and related graphical and mathematical tools.
This book is dedicated to the applications of this methodology to industrial
automation of the growing importance.
A series of volumes published by Springer-Verlag has been dedicated to
advances in the applications and theory of Petri nets. This series, how
ever, is oriented towards readers in the computer science community as its
contents are often theoretical with few industrial applications. This makes
it very difficult for new researchers and practicing engineers to understand
the potential applications for Petri nets due to mathematical complexity
and the various notation and interpretations presented by different authors.
Consequently, a primary motivation of this volume is to present a unifying
approach to the potential applications of Petri nets in flexible and agile
automation.
Not only does this volume unify the notation and terminology of Petri
net methodology, but it presents many practical applications in addition
to theoretical development. It presents the latest research results and in
dustrial applications of Petri nets, particularly in discrete-event control de
sign, scheduling, performance evaluation, and deadlock avoidance. It also
presents comparative studies between Petri nets and other approaches. The
book complements several other Petri net-related titles in manufacturing
automation.
The research interest in Petri nets is expanding from Europe to the U.S.,
Asia, and elsewhere in both academic and industrial communities. For ex
ample, Grafcet, a Petri net-like standard for sequence control specification,
xi
xii Preface
was developed in France in 1977 and has become an international standard
called Sequential Function Charts since 1990. Evidence of the rapid devel
opment and progress in using Petri nets as a graphical and mathematical
tool for automation research is the growing number of papers in journals
and conference proceedings. For example, over the past several years, there
were a growing number of technical sessions on Petri nets in manufacturing
automation in IEEE International Conferences on Systems, Man and Cy
bernetics, IEEE International Conferences on Robotics and Automation,
IEEE Workshops on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, and
International Conferences on CAD/CAM, Robotics and Factories of the
Future. Many papers have appeared in IEEE Transactions and other man
ufacturing research journals. A single volume involving the most impor
tant advances in the use of Petri nets in the area of automation will help
researchers and industrial engineers better disseminate the new ideas and
research results and forge new areas of collaboration between academia and
industry.
The current studies in Petri net applications to industrial automation
have focused on two critical objectives for modern manufacturing systems:
flexibility and agility. To compete in today's world market, manufacturing
companies are required to design and manufacture products in a flexible
and agile manufacturing system. "Flexible" signifies the manufacturing
system's ability to adjust to customers' preferences and "agile" describes
the system's speed in reconfiguring itself to meet changing demands. Mean
while, flexible machine and robotics technology, information technology,
and computer integration have been introduced into factories in an increas
ing speed. Applications of these advanced technologies provide tremendous
challenges to engineers, analysts, and managers whose responsibility ranges
from system design and analysis, planning, scheduling and dispatching to
coordination, synchronization and operation of the production facilities.
Design and implementation of flexible and agile manufacturing systems re
quire advanced methodologies which are powerful, flexible, mathematically
sound, and easy-to use.
The last two-decade research and development of the theory and graph
ical tools based on Petri nets has yielded one of the most powerful method
ologies and tools. This volume has compiled some important results on
their applications to the modeling, specification, discrete event control,
planning and scheduling, performance analysis, supervisory control of flex
ible and agile manufacturing systems. It also presents comparative studies
between Petri nets and other approaches, and several industrial applica
tion examples. This volume shall allow readers to evaluate the benefits
and applicability of state-of-the-art Petri net methods and CAD tools from
the best-known institutions, laboratories and companies for a particular