PET and PET/CT: A Clinical Guide 2nd ed PDF
Preview PET and PET/CT: A Clinical Guide 2nd ed
PET and PET/CT: A Clinical Guide Second Edition PET and PET/CT: A Clinical Guide Second Edition Eugene C. Lin, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology University of Washington Virginia Mason Medical Center Seattle, Washington Abass Alavi, MD, MD(Hon), PhD(Hon) Professor of Radiology and Neurology Director of Research Education Department of Radiology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Thieme New York • Stuttgart Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10001 Executive Editor: Timothy Hiscock Vice President, Production and Electronic Publishing: Anne T. Vinnicombe Production Editor: Heidi Grauel, Maryland Composition Vice President, International Marketing and Sales: Cornelia Schulze Chief Financial Offi cer: Peter van Woerden President: Brian D. Scanlan Compositor: Manila Typesetting Company Printer: Everbest Printing Co. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data PET and PET/CT : a clinical guide / edited by Eugene C. Lin, Abass Alavi. — 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: PET and PET/CT / Eugene Lin, Abass Alavi. c2005. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60406-153-6 1. Tomography, Emission. I. Lin, Eugene. II. Alavi, Abass. III. Lin, Eugene. PET and PET/CT. [DNLM: 1. Positron-Emission Tomography — methods. 2. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 — diagnostic use. WN 206 P4765 2008] RC78.7.T62L56 2008 616.07’575 — dc22 2008048664 Copyright © 2009 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfi lms, and electronic data processing and storage. Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher of the work herein or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, nor publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confi rm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specifi c reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. Printed in China 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-60406-153-6 I would like to thank my colleagues at Virginia Mason Medical Center for providing an environment which allowed me to write this book and Drs. Marie Lee and Paul Sicuro for help in obtaining many of the images in this book. My parents instilled in me a love of learning and working with residents and fellows throughout my career has inspired me to continually seek out new knowledge. Eugene C. Lin I wish to dedicate this book to my mother Fatemeh and my wife Jane for sacrifi ces they have made to make my life most rewarding; I cannot thank them enough for their enormous encouragements all along. Abass Alavi Contents Preface .............................................................. xi Contributors ........................................................ xiii I Basic Science ..................................................... 1 Chapter 1: The Physics of PET/CT Scanners Ruth E. Schmitz, Adam M. Alessio, and Paul E. Kinahan ............. 3 Chapter 2: Basics of Fluorodeoxyglucose Radiochemistry and Biology Neale S. Mason and Eugene C. Lin ............................. 15 Chapter 3: The Role of Glucose and FDG Metabolism in the Interpretation of PET Studies Ronald L. Korn, Alison Coates, and John Millstine ................. 22 II Clinical Basics .................................................. 31 Chapter 4: Patient Preparation Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi ................................ 33 Chapter 5: Standardized Uptake Value Eugene C. Lin, Abass Alavi, and Paul E. Kinahan .................. 38 Chapter 6: Normal Variants and Benign Findings Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi ................................ 42 Chapter 7: The Interpretation of FDG PET Studies Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi ................................ 78 Chapter 8: The Value of PET/CT Eugene C. Lin, Paul E. Kinahan, and Abass Alavi .................. 88 Chapter 9: Levels of Evidence for Clinical Indications of FDG PET Eugene C. Lin ............................................. 99 III Oncologic Applications ........................................ 101 Chapter 10: Oncologic PET by Anatomical Region Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 103 Chapter 11: Therapy Response Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 117 Chapter 12: Brain Neoplasms Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 121 Chapter 13: Head and Neck Cancer Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 127 Chapter 14: Thyroid Cancer Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 136 Chapter 15: Thoracic Neoplasms Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 142 s t n Chapter 16: Breast Cancer e nt Eugene C. Lin, Marie E. Lee, and Abass Alavi ................... 155 o C Chapter 17: Gastric, Esophageal, and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 164 Chapter 18: Lymphoma Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 173 Chapter 19: Melanoma Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 181 Chapter 20: Hepatobiliary Tumors Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 185 Chapter 21: Pancreatic Cancer Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 190 viii Chapter 22: Gynecologic Tumors Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 196 Chapter 23: Urologic Tumors Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 204 Chapter 24: Colorectal Cancer Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 212 Chapter 25: Musculoskeletal Tumors Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 220 IV Nononcologic Applications .................................... 229 Chapter 26: Pediatric PET/CT M. Beth McCarville ...................................... 231 Chapter 27: PET and PET/CT in Radiation Therapy Planning Sandip Basu, Guobin Song, Abass Alavi, and Eugene C. Lin ........ 239 Chapter 28: FDG PET in the Evaluation of Infection and Infl ammation Sandip Basu, Abass Alavi, and Eugene C. Lin ................... 245 Chapter 29: Neurologic Applications Eugene C. Lin and Abass Alavi .............................. 257 s t Chapter 30: Cardiac PET and PET/CT n e Amol Takalkar, Eugene C. Lin, Elias Botvinick, nt o Adam M. Alessio, and Luis Araujo ........................... 263 C Index .............................................................. 275 ix
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