Pervaporation, Vapour Permeation and Membrane Distillation: Principles and Applications

455 Pages·2015·17.78 MB·English

by  Angelo Basile, Alberto Figoli, Mohamed Khayet

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Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy:
Number 77
Pervaporation, Vapour
Permeation and
Membrane Distillation
Principles and Applications
Edited by
Angelo Basile, Alberto Figoli
and Mohamed Khayet
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List of contributors
A.A. Babalou Nanostructure MaterialsResearch Center, Sahand University of
Technology,Tabriz, Iran
A. Basile Instituteon Membrane Technology(ITM-CNR), Rende(CS),Italy
B.Bolto CSIROMaterialsScienceandEngineering,ClaytonSouthMDC,Victoria,
Australia
C. Brazinha Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
J.G. Crespo Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica,Portugal
M.G. De Angelis Dipartimento diIngegneria Civile, Chimica Ambientale e dei
materiali, Universit(cid:1)a diBologna, Bologna, Italy
K. De Sitter Separation and Conversion Technology,Flemish Institute for
Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
C. Dotremont Separationand Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for
Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
M.C. Duke Institute for Sustainability and Innovation,VictoriaUniversity,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
L.F. Dumée Institute for Sustainability and Innovation,VictoriaUniversity,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Institutefor Frontier Materials,
Geelong,Victoria, Australia
M. Essalhi University Complutense ofMadrid, Madrid, Spain
L. Eykens Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven,
Leuven,Belgium; Separation and ConversionTechnology,Flemish Institute for
Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
A. Figoli Instituteon Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS),Italy
F. Galiano Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS), Italy
L. García-Fern(cid:3)andez University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
M.C. García-Payo University Complutense ofMadrid,Madrid, Spain
K. Ghasemzadeh Nanostructure Materials Research Center, SahandUniversity of
Technology,Tabriz, Iran
M.GiacintiBaschetti DipartimentodiIngegneriaCivile,ChimicaAmbientaleedei
materiali, Universit(cid:1)a diBologna, Bologna, Italy
xii Listofcontributors
S.R.Gray Institute for Sustainabilityand Innovation,Victoria University,
Melbourne, Victoria,Australia
M. Hoang CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, ClaytonSouthMDC,
Victoria, Australia
A. Jankowski Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials,PolishAcademy of
Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
M.Khayet UniversityComplutenseofMadrid,Madrid,Spain;MadridInstitutefor
Advanced Studiesof Water (IMDEAWater Institute), Madrid, Spain
P.Luis Materials&ProcessEngineering(iMMC-IMAP),UniversitéCatholiquede
Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve,Belgium
T. Matsuura University ofOttawa, Ottawa, Canada
L. Pinoy Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems(ProcESS), KULeuven,
Leuven, Belgium; KULeuven, Gent, Belgium
M.R. Qtaishat University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
N. Rafia Nanostructure MaterialsResearch Center, Sahand University of
Technology,Tabriz, Iran
S. Santoro REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT,Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica,
Portugal
M.Shalygin A.V.TopchievInstituteofPetrochemicalSynthesis,RussianAcademy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
S. Smart The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
V. Teplyakov A.V. Topchiev Instituteof Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian
Academy ofSciences, Moscow,Russia
B. Van der Bruggen Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS),
KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
P. Vandezande Flemish Institutefor Technological Research (VITO),
Mol, Belgium
A.Wolin(cid:3)ska-Grabczyk CentreofPolymerandCarbonMaterials,PolishAcademy
of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
Z. Xie CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering,Clayton South MDC, Victoria,
Australia
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Preface
Membraneprocessesaregrowingfast,thankstotheeffortsthatscientistsandindustri-
alistsaremakingtoenhancemembraneperformanceinthedifferentsectorswheremem-
branes are applied. This development is due to interdisciplinary studies and work in
different fields, from material science in membrane preparation to the engineering
aspects related to the membrane module fabrication and membrane process develop-
ment.Withthisinmind,theaimofthebookistoanalyseallthedifferentaspectsrelated
tothethreespecificmembraneprocesses(pervaporation(PV),vapourpermeation(VP)
andmembranedistillation(MD));theseprocessesarestudiedindepthatresearchlevel
butstillhavetobecompletelyexploredatanindustriallevel.Theseprocesseshavein
commonthefactthatthespeciestoberemovedareinavapourphaseoncepermeating
themembraneandthedrivingforceisduetothechemicalgradient(temperature,pres-
sure).Themaindifferencesarerelatedto(1)thefeedtobetreated(liquidforPVand
MD,butvapourinVP)and(2)thetypeofmembraneused(porousforMD,butdense
forPVandVP);thetransportmechanismsarethereforedifferent.Furthermore,espe-
ciallyinthecaseofVPandPV,thechoiceoftheappropriatemembraneisoffundamen-
tal importance for the success of the separation of interest. In the case of MD, the
membraneactsonlyasacontactorforavoidingthecontactbetweenthephases.
Thebookisdividedintothreemainpartsinwhicheachprocess(PV,VPandMD)
isdescribedindetailconsideringthemainaspects:membranepreparation,membrane
characterisation, applications,integrated systems, modelling,and so on.
In particular, Part One considers PV and is composed of five chapters. Chapter 1
(Crespo and Brazinha) illustrates and discusses the fundamental aspects of transport
phenomenainPVprocesses.Italsoaddressesfundamentalproblemstobeconsidered
when both designing a PV process and defining its operating conditions. Chapter 2
(Figoli, Santoro, Galiano and Basile) is specifically dedicated to the preparation,
characterisation and application of pervaporation membranes. A particular emphasis
is given to the chemical and physical properties of the materials usually applied and
to the wide and varied types of pervaporative applications in which they are
employed. Chapter 3 (Babalou, Rafia and Ghasemzadeh) illustrates the importance
of using integrated systems involving PV. In fact, generally, the process containing
only PV does not represent the optimal design for recovering small amounts of
impurities present in liquid mixtures. An integrated system involving a PV process
sometimes represents the optimised solution. In this chapter, opportunities and risks
for developing these integrated systems are also discussed. Various applications of
PV processes, in different integrated systems, are presented with respect to four