Perspectives on Secession: Theory and Case Studies PDF
Preview Perspectives on Secession: Theory and Case Studies
Frontiers in International Relations Martin Riegl Bohumil Doboš Editors Perspectives on Secession Theory and Case Studies Frontiers in International Relations This book series offers an outlet for cutting-edge research on all areas of international relations. Frontiers in International Relations (FIR) welcomes theoretically sound and empirically robust monographs, edited volumes and handbooks from various disciplines and approaches on topics such as IR-theory, international security studies, foreign policy, peace and conflict studies, interna- tional organization, global governance, international politicaleconomy, the history of international relations and related fields. All books published in this series are peer-reviewed. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16555 š Martin Riegl Bohumil Dobo (cid:129) Editors Perspectives on Secession Theory and Case Studies 123 Editors Martin Riegl Bohumil Doboš CharlesUniversity CharlesUniversity Prague,Czech Republic Prague,Czech Republic ISSN 2662-9429 ISSN 2662-9437 (electronic) Frontiers in International Relations ISBN978-3-030-48273-2 ISBN978-3-030-48274-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48274-9 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Theissueofsecessionintheinternationalpoliticsisacomplexandhighlycontested topic. We are focusing in our research on some aspect of this phenomenon for the pastcoupleofyears,includingsomepublicationsaswellasteachingonthesubject at the Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University. Given this long-standing interest, it became clear that many of the aspects and recent developmentsought tobe mappedbut that we alone arenot ina position to coverthesesufficiently.Atthatpointwelookedatthenetworkofacademicianswe managed to establish in the past couple of years through the activities of the Geopolitical Studies Research Centre. We were lucky enough that the project interestedmanyofthegreatexpertsfromthroughouttheworldandwearecapable ofprovidingyouwiththiseditedvolumepresentingtherecentdevelopmentsinthe studyofsecession.Thisvolumeprovidesanotherpieceintothecomplicatedpuzzle of thinking about secession. Atthispoint,itisnecessarytopresentsomeacknowledgments.First,wewould be unable to putthe volume togetherwithout thededication of every singleauthor of this work, so we pass a big thanks to them. Second, the volume would never comeintofruitionifitwasnotforthefinancialsupportfromtheCharlesUniversity Research Development Schemes, programme PROGRES Q18—Social sciences: from multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary. Last, but not least, we must send our besttothetworeviewerswhohelpeduswithfurtherdevelopmentofthevolume— Přemysl Rosůlek from the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, the Czech Republic and Robert Czulda from the University of Lodz, Poland. Prague, Czech Republic Martin Riegl Bohumil Doboš v Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Vladimír Baar Self-determination and Secession: The Normative Discourse Yesterday and Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Alexis Heraclides Secession in the Post-truth, Post-order World: A View from Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Eeben Barlow Democracy, Realism and Independence Referendums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Matt Qvortrup Neomedievalism and International Recognition: Explaining the Level of Recognition Via Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Bohumil Doboš and Martin Riegl Foreign Interference in Secession Movements Through the Lens of Game Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Cam Healy Military Intervention in Aid of Secession: Kosovo and Its Aftermath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Aleksandar Pavković The Viability of De Facto States: Cases from the Caucasus and the Horn of Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Giulia Prelz Oltramonti A Mid-Rainy-Season Night’s Dream: Cyber-Secessionism in Cameroon, 2016–2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Josef Kučera vii viii Contents “Free Trieste Movement”: A First Russian Intervention in Domestic Politics of a Western Country? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Michele Pigliucci Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Martin Riegl and Bohumil Doboš Contributors Vladimír Baar University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia Eeben Barlow STTEP International Ltd, Johannesburg Area, South Africa Bohumil Doboš Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Cam Healy Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA Alexis Heraclides Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece Josef Kučera University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia Aleksandar Pavković Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Michele Pigliucci Department of Management and Law, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy Giulia Prelz Oltramonti Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Matt Qvortrup Coventry University, Coventry, UK Martin Riegl Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ix Introduction VladimírBaar Secessionist movements were throughout history always perceived by their parent states as a violation of the order that, consequently, needs to be restored. Seces- sion itself was thus understood as a negative phenomenon and states, if possible, triedtocounteritbyforce.This,however,notalwayssucceeded.Oneofthemost well-known examples of a successful secession resulting in an establishment of a small,yetpowerful,imperialpoweristhesecessionofthe16thcenturyNetherlands fromtheSpanishHabsburgmonarchy.Anexampleofanunsuccessfulsecessionist attemptwould,ontheotherhand,includetheseparationofthesouthernstatesandan establishmentoftheConfederateStatesofAmericainthe19thcentury.19thcentury wasalsoaperiodofthefinalizationofthecolonialdivisionoftheworldamongthe European powers while the American continent underwent the process of decolo- nization connected to several secessionist attempts—Texas was a successful case, despitedecidingtounitewiththeUSadecadeintoitsindependence,whileYucatán insouthernMexicoorSouthernRioGrande(theRiograndenseRepublic)inBrazil werereincorporatedbytheirrespectiveparentstate. Before the beginning of the 20th century, the debate regarding these newly emergingstatesaimedattheactofexpressionoftherecognitionofstatehooditself. The end of the FirstWorld War and, respectively, the foundation of the League of Nations,however,broughtwithitselfasignificantshiftandtheresearchareafocused around the nature of the recognition of the seceded region that proclaims itself to be and independent state (Crawford 2006). In a theoretical perspective, the debate sparkedaroundwhetherthestatebecomesastatethroughinternationalrecognition, orafulfillmentofallthecriteriaofstatehood.Theopinionoftheexpertsregarding theinternationalrecognitiondifferedbythe19thand20thcentury,andthesituation B V.Baar( ) UniversityofOstrava,Ostrava,Czechia e-mail:[email protected] ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringer 1 NatureSwitzerlandAG2020 M.RieglandB.Doboš(eds.),PerspectivesonSecession,FrontiersinInternational Relations,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48274-9_1
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