Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine

167 Pages·2014·7.687 MB·English

by  Ena Ray Banerjee (auth.)

Ena Ray Banerjee
Perspectives in
Regenerative
Medicine
Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine

Ena Ray Banerjee
Perspectives in
Regenerative Medicine
Ena Ray Banerjee
Department of Zoology
University of Calcutta
Kolkata , West Bengal , India
ISBN 978-81-322-2052-7 ISBN 978-81-322-2053-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2053-4
Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014950447
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To my children Urbi , Adit , and Arit

Pref ace
Regenerative medicine is the synthesis of a multi-disciplinary approach to
repair, replace and regenerate cells in all their multifarious ramifi cations as
successful biological functional units in a seamless conveyor where the
ex vivo researcher (bio-engineer if you will) shall manipulate life signals to
induce the cells to become what the body could not naturally replenish,
whether due to pathophysiological obstructions, autoimmune malfunction or
trauma. It is a perfect partnership of management of the malady and an almost
silent transplantation of the “lost” tissue in an inside-out format.
Taking the central control of the fate of a cell or of the cells within a tissue,
in a tissue engineering format, nurturing the cells as if they are in their innate
milieu, nudging the cells to differentiate and behave in a desired manner by
subtle directives in the 2D or 3D tissue culture plate, inducing co-habitation
with other cells of our choice to gently transit them along the epigenetic land-
scape of our choice, to a tissue, an organ, fully functional to boot, is the com-
plete job of an exponent and practitioner in the science and arts of regenerative
medicine.
Regenerative medicine needs to be given a boost in terms of popularizing
with a comprehensive down-to-earth approach as along with the other well-
characterized branches of science in which Indian academia and industry are
working hand in hand – this is a sector which I feel can be better developed.
For this, an inter-disciplinary approach is necessary which is attempted in this
book.
T he concept of stem c ells epitomizes the chameleon-like ever-changing
landscape of biology, and reiterates the need to capture the essence of funda-
mental knowledge in biology with such clarity so that one is able to envisage
the obvious manipulation by which it can be made benefi cial to us.
T his book talks about the concept of stem cells: the different types of stem
cells in a spatio-temporal format, the sheer dynamicity of the structure-
functional of the cells vis-à-vis the tissue, the organism, the age and physio-
logical status of the organism and the organism within its natural environment
versus transplicated neo-milieu.
This book is meant for undergraduate students of all branches of life
s ciences, who are getting to know this rather new and developing branch of
biology, for post-graduate students of zoology, botany, microbiology, cell
biology, biotechnology, physiology, immunology, developmental biology
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viii Preface
and stem cell biology, who wish to know the subject in rather more intimate
detail, for researchers who are venturing into this exciting new translational
fi eld while exploring fundamental nuances of development and epigenesist
and fi nally the mature academician and industry person using this powerful
tool to answer questions and devise ways to better tackle health sciences
issues in degeneration. I wish the casual reader an enjoyable and happy read
and the specialists a valuable ready reckoner that will help them unravel a
path where none seems to exist!
Kolkata, India Ena Ray Banerjee
Contents
1 Stem Cell and Its Niche ................................................................ 1
Terminology of Stem Cell Niche .................................................... 1
First Hypothesis and Evidence of Stem Cell Niche ........................ 1
Role of Extracellular Matrix in Regulating Stem Cell Niche ......... 2
Subchapter A ................................................................................... 2
Stem Cell Niche in the Lung ....................................................... 2
Introduction ..................................................................................... 2
Evidence of Lung Stem Cells ......................................................... 3
Evidence from Ex Vivo Studies ...................................................... 3
Rat Tracheal Xenograft Model ........................................................ 3
Injury by Naphthalene ..................................................................... 4
Response to Naphthalene Injury to Lung ........................................ 4
Tracheal Injury Model by Inhaled Sulfur Dioxide .......................... 5
Repair After Damage by Inhaled Oxidants ..................................... 5
Lung Stem Cell Niche: Potential .................................................... 5
Scope of Further Research .............................................................. 5
Subchapter B ................................................................................... 6
Other Stem Cell Niches .............................................................. 6
Potential of Cellular Regeneration from Hair
Follicle Stem Cells .......................................................................... 6
Isolation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells: Procedure ............................ 6
Expression of Various Stem Cell Markers ...................................... 7
Differentiation of Stem Cells to Different
Lineage-Specifi c Cells .................................................................... 7
Differentiation to Melanocytic Cells ............................................... 7
Differentiation to Neural Cells ........................................................ 7
Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation of Human
Hair Follicle Cells ........................................................................... 7
Subchapter C ................................................................................... 8
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ............................................................ 8
Brief History ................................................................................... 8
Morphology ..................................................................................... 8
Characteristics ................................................................................. 9
Isolation of MSC from Human Umbilical Cord ............................. 9
Immunophenotyping of Human Umbilical Cord
Blood MSCs .................................................................................... 9
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