Perspectives in Chemoreception and Behavior PDF
Preview Perspectives in Chemoreception and Behavior
Proceedings in Life Sciences Perspectives in Chemoreception and Behavior Edited by R.F. Chapman, E.A. Bernays, and J.G. Stoffolano, Jr. With Contributions by E.A. BERNAYS, L.M. BEIDLER, R.F. CHAPMAN, A. GELPERIN, F.E. HANSON, T. lERMY, 1.S. KENNEDY, C. PFAFFMANN, M. ROTHSCHILD, D. SCHNEIDER, L.M. SCHOONHOVEN, E. STELLAR With 73 Figures, 3 in Full Color Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo R.F. Chapman E.A. Bernays Division of Biological Control and Division of Biological Control and Department of Entomological Sciences, Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, University of California. Berkeley, California 94706, U.S.A. Berkeley, California 94706. U.S.A. J.O. Stoffolano. Jr. Department of Entomology University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, U.S.A. The cover illustration shows the walking behavior of a fly in presence of two parallel lines of sugar solution. The thick line indicates a more concentrated solution. The solid leg shows that the fly makes contact with one line while feeding from the other. Reproduced by persmission of V.G. Dethier, The Hungry Fly. Harvard University Press. © 1976. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Perspectives in chemoreception and behavior. (Proceedings in life sciences) Papers presented at a symposium held at the University of Massachusetts. Amherst in May 1985. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Animals-Food-Congresses. 2. Chemoreceptors Congresses. 3. Insect-plant relationships-Congresses. I. Chapman. R.F. (Reginald Frederick) II. Bernays, E.A. (Elizabeth A.) III. Stoffolano. J.G. IV. Series. QL756.5.P47 1986 591.53 86-11811 © 1987 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of hardcover I st edition 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without permission from Springer-Verlag. 175 Fifth Avenue. New York. New York 10010. U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names. trade names, trademarks. etc. in this publication. even if the former are not especially identified. is not to be taken as a sign that such names. as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act. may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use. or the internal or personal use of specific clients. is granted by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. for libraries registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). provided that the base fee of $0.00 per copy. plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC. 21 Congress Street. Salem, MA 01970. U.S.A. Special requests should be addressed directly to Springer-Verlag New York. 175 Fifth Avenue. New York. New York 10010. U.S.A. ISBN 0-387-96374-X/l987 $0.00 + .20 Typeset by David E. Seham Associates Inc .. Metuchen. New Jersey Printed and bound by Quinn-Woodbine, Woodbine. New Jersey 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9096-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-4644-2 DOT: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4644-2 Vincent Gaston Dethier A seventieth birthday tribute Preface In the study of the physiological basis of animal behavior Vince Dethier has been a pioneer, a guiding star. Although his own work has centered on the blowfly and the caterpillar, his interests and influence have spread far beyond the insects. The breadth of this impact is indicated by the contributions from colleagues and former students in this volume. These papers were originally presented at a meeting to honor Vince's 70th birthday held at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in May 1985. It was attended by friends and col leagues of all ages from many parts of the world. However, the picture presented by these papers is not the whole story. What it does not show is the extent of Vince's interest and influence beyond the rigorous, though friendly, atmosphere of the research laboratory. His idyllic summers in Maine have produced studies on the natural history of feeding by insects culminating in The Tent Makers, with more to come. In these studies we see his real love and, dare we say, understanding of the insect. Vince Dethier is not concerned simply with reaching the established scientist. In To Know a Fly he reaches out to those just beginning, perhaps even to those who will never begin, and provides insight both to the experimentalist's approach and to the fun of research. His sense of fun and his elegant, fluent writing have given us, too, his tongue-in-cheek fictional writings for children of all ages. This good humor aild quiet, well-balanced view of things have been appreciated in more than his immediate scientific sphere of influence. and he has been and continues to be called on to playa significant role in university affairs. For all of this, your science, your humor, your humanity, we thank you. Vince. A happy 70th birthday. The Symposium at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, was made possible through the generous support of the University. It was organized by Dr. R. Prokopy, Dr. J.G. Stoffolano, and Dr. G.A. Wyse, with assistance from VIII Preface many others. We are indebted to them all for making the meeting and, ultimately, this book possible. We express our thanks also to Springer-Verlag for their cooperation in pro ducing the volume. Berkeley R.F. Chapman Berkeley E.A. Bernays Amherst J . G. Stoffolano, J r. Contents Chapter I The Internal Environment and Appetitive Measures of Taste Function in the Rat Eliot Stellar (With 19 Figures) ............................................. . Chapter 2 Animal Motivation: The Beginning of the End? John S. Kennedy............................................................. 17 Chapter 3 Plasticity in Control Systems for Insect Feeding Behavior Alan Gelperin (With 5 Figures) ............................................. 33 Chapter 4 Vertebrate Taste Receptors Lloyd M. Beidler (With 4 Figures) .......................................... 47 Chapter 5 Volta and Taste Psychophysiology Carl Pfl([lmann (With 6 Figures) ........................................... 59 Chapter 6 What Makes a Caterpillar Eat? The Sensory Code Underlying Feeding Behavior LOllis M. Schoonhoven (With 13 Figures) ................................. 69 Chapter 7 Chemoreception in the Fly: The Search for the Liverwurst Receptor Frank E. Hanson (With 14 Figures) ........................................ 99 x Contents Chapter 8 The Strange Fate of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Dietrich Schneider (With II Figures) ...................................... 123 Chapter 9 The Role of Experience in the Host Selection of Phytophagous Insects Tihor Jcrmy .................................................................. 143 Chapter 10 The Evolution of Deterrent Responses in Plant-Feeding Insects E.A. Bernays and R.F. Chapman .......................................... 159 Chapter II Speculations Concerning the Large White Butterfly (Pieris brassicae L.): Do the Females Assess the Number of Suitable Host Plants Present? Miriam Rothschild (With 4 Figures) ........................................ 175 Author Index................................................................. 193 Subject Index ................................................................ 201 Contributors The following is a list of contributors. The author's complete address is found on the first page of his or her contribution. Numbers in parentheses indicate the page on which the contribution begins. E.A. Bernays (159) F.E. Hanson (99) M. Rothschild (175) L.M. Beidler (47) T. Jermy (143) D. Schneider (123) R.F. Chapman (159) J.S. Kennedy (17) L.M. Schoonhoven (69) A. Gelperin (33) C. Pfaffmann (59) E. Stellar (I) Chapter 1 The Internal Environment and Appetitive Measures of Taste Function in the Rat ELIOT STELLAR* It is the fact that animals are responsive to certain patterns of external envi ronmental stimuli only when specific states of the internal environment prevail that specify certain basic biological motivated behaviors. On the biological side, we specify as a necessary condition the state of the internal environment, for example, in terms of peripheral changes such as the level of sex hormones or the condition of dehydration or salt depletion. In many of these cases, we have learned that these internal environment changes lead to changes in brain states which, in turn, yield the motivated behavior. On the behavioral side, we measure motivated behavior in terms of the in tensity or magnitude of the animal's response to the appropriate stimuli, such as the vigor of mating behavior or the rate or amount of eating by the food deprived animal. Since eating changes the animal as the meal progresses, we have turned to studies of the approach to food stimuli that the animal only tastes. This appetitive measure can be repeated many times over short periods and is an ideal way to study an animal's responsiveness to taste stimuli as its internal environment and thus its brain states are varied experimentally. Although Vince Dethier and I have agreed to disagree with each other over the question of whether the concept of motivation is useful in the study of taste and feeding behavior (Dethier 1982; Stellar and Stellar 1985), I want to ac knowledge my debt to him, for his cogent arguments have led me to clarify my own thinking and to design experiments using appetitive as well as consum matory measures of behavior. I want to describe those experiments here because I think the appetitive measures we have used have enabled us to analyze, in new ways, the contribution of taste and other orosensory stimuli to the genesis and control of motivated behavior. 'David Mahoney Institute of Neurological Sciences. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania 19104. U.S.A.
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