Perspectives for sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture The Paban-Report

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Perspectives for sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture
The Paban-Report
Rosten, Ttrond W.; Paulsen, Helge; Alanära, Anders; Eskelinen, Unto; Bergsson, Bjarki A.; Olafsen,
Trude
Link to article, DOI:
10.6027/TN2013-546
Publication date:
2013
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Link back to DTU Orbit
Citation (APA):
Rosten, T. W., Paulsen, H., Alanära, A., Eskelinen, U., Bergsson, B. A., & Olafsen, T. (2013). Perspectives for
sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture: The Paban-Report. Nordic Council of Ministers, TemaNord.
TemaNord No. 2013:546 https://doi.org/10.6027/TN2013-546

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Ved Stranden 18 :54
DK-1061 Copenhagen K 6
www.norden.org
Perspectives for sustainable development
of Nordic aquaculture
Perspectives for sustainable development The Paban-Report
of Nordic aquaculture
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing productions and the value
of aquaculture is now about to pass the value of capture fisheries.
Among the Nordic countries, Norway in particular has been able to
create a large aquaculture industry with high growth rates over a
number of years. The other Nordic countries have only had limited
growth, but have a high unutilised potential. There is a need to
identify opportunities and limitations for increased growth with due
care for sustainability and environment. This report identifies seven
focus areas with special potential for creation of a sustainable, com-
petitive Nordic aquaculture sector. These areas are new feeds, better
use and reuse of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon), value
adding of by-products, technological and regional development,
domestication of new species and reduction of energy consumption.
The aquaculture sector with its strengths and weaknesses is
described for each of the Nordic countries.
The report is compiled on basis of contributions from a Nordic
group of experts. It was presented at a seminar on Green Growth
at the annual meeting of the Nordic Ministers of Fisheries in
Trondheim, July 2012.
TemaNord 2013:546
ISBN 978-92-893-2571-4
TN2013546 omslag.indd 1 17-05-2013 09:28:44

Perspectives for sustainable
development of Nordic aquaculture
The Paban-Report

Rosten Trond W., Poulsen Helge, Alanära Anders, Eskelinen Unto,
Bergsson Arnljótur Bjarki and Olafsen Trude

TemaNord 2013:546
Perspectives for sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture
The Paban-Report
Rosten Trond W., Poulsen Helge, Alanära Anders, Eskelinen Unto, Bergsson Arnljótur Bjarki
and Olafsen Trude

ISBN 978-92-893-2571-4
http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2013-546
TemaNord 2013:546
© Nordic Council of Ministers 2013
Layout: Hanne Lebech
Cover photo: ImageSelect
Copies: 166

Print: Rosendahls-Schultz Grafisk
Printed in Denmark

This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or
recommendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers.

www.norden.org/en/publications

Nordic co-operation
Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, in-
volving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.
Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an
important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong
Nordic community in a strong Europe.
Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the
global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the
world’s most innovative and competitive.

Nordic Council of Ministers
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Phone [phone]

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Content
Preface........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 11
Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 21
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 23
1. Perspectives for further development of sustainable aquaculture ........................... 41
1.1 P1 – Adaptations for the future shortage of the existing marine
feed resources .................................................................................................................. 41
1.2 P2 – Adaptations for a sustainable use and reuse of carbon,
phosphorous and nitrogen .......................................................................................... 46
1.3 P3 – Adaptations for creating added value based upon utilization of
by-products....................................................................................................................... 53
1.4 P4 – Technology development to maximise aquaculture potential
by removing major constraints for viable growth .............................................. 59
1.5 P5 – Boosting the competiveness in Nordic areas attractive for
aquaculture ....................................................................................................................... 63
1.6 P6 – Domestication of new species to meet increased demand for
seafood production from Nordic aquaculture...................................................... 69
1.7 P7 – Adaptation for a lower energy use in Nordic aquaculture ..................... 73
2. Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 79
3. Sammendrag .................................................................................................................................. 87
3.1 Anbefalinger fra arbeidsgruppen ............................................................................. 90
4. Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 95
4.1 Finland ................................................................................................................................ 95
4.2 Norway ............................................................................................................................. 101
4.3 Sweden ............................................................................................................................. 111
4.4 Denmark .......................................................................................................................... 118
4.5 The Faroe Islands ......................................................................................................... 127
4.6 Iceland .............................................................................................................................. 133

Preface
While the responsibility fisheries and aquaculture rests within the
Nordic Council with a dedicated working group (EK-Fisk) under the
Ministerial Council for Fisheries, Agriculture, Forestry and Nutrition
(FJLS), this working group also strives to extend its cooperation to
other working groups under the umbrella of Nordic Council of Minis-
ters. One of these groups is the Working Group on Sustainable Devel-
opment (The BU-group). This group decided in 2011 to focus atten-
tion on sustainable development at sea – and more specifically on
aquaculture. The practical implication of this decision was that a
large share of the BU 2012 budget was set aside for assisting the
Fisheries cooperation to prepare a working document with a sustain-
ability perspective, which could fit into a Nordic discussion on how to
develop the aquaculture sector. This support from the NCM Group on
Sustainable Development is highly appreciated.
The background for this report has been the Rio+ 20 conference, or-
ganized in early June 2012, with its emphasis on the need to improve
global food production in oceans and coastal areas. Another part of the
backdrop is the “green growth” and bioeconomy strategies of the Nordic
Council of Ministers. Aquaculture can contribute significantly to global
food security, and also provides for income opportunities and export
revenues. On the other hand it is recognized that further growth in this
sector entails important challenges in keeping with ambitions to ensure
that such a development is consistent with the green growth concept.
Aquaculture is an important industry for the Nordic countries, par-
ticularly for Norway and the Faroe Islands, but other Nordic countries
are also looking at their potential to develop aquaculture industry. Aq-
uaculture was an important topic under the Finnish chairmanship of the
Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) in 2011, when a large conference on
aquaculture in the Baltic Sea was organized in Helsinki. This report is a
follow-up by the Norwegian NCM 2012 chairmanship to the Helsinki
conference, widening the scope to cover the entire Nordic region.
An overarching regional perspective on aquaculture development in
the Nordic region is applied in this report. The document is based on the
analyses and discussion of a Nordic working group which has identified
the potential for growth, common constraints, and major regional differ-