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Perspectives and Promises of Clinical Psychology PDF

248 Pages·1992·22.058 MB·English
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Perspectives and Promises of Clinical Psychology APPLIED CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Series Editors: Alan S. BeHack, Medical College of Pennsylvania at EPPI, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Michel Hersen, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Current Volumes in this Series ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT IN PSYCHOLOGY AND MEDICINE Warren W. Tryon BEHAVIORAL CONSULTATION AND THERAPY John R. Bergan and Thomas R. Kratochwill BEHAVIORAL CONSULTATION IN APPLIED SETTINGS An Individual Guide Thomas R. Kratochwill and John R. Bergan THE CHALLENGE OF COGNITIVE THERAPY Applications to Nontraditional Populations Edited by T. Michael Vallis, Janice L. Howes, and Philip C. Miller CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Historical and Research Foundations Edited by C. Eugene Walker ETHNIC VALIDITY, ECOLOGY, AND PSYCHOTHERAPY A Psychosocial Competence Model Forrest B. Tyler, Deborah Ridley Brome, and Janice E. Williams HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL BEHA VIOR THERAPY WITH THE ELDERL Y CLIENT Edited by Patricia A. Wisocki PERSPECTIVES AND PROMISES OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Edited by Anke Ehlers, Wolfgang Fiegenbaum, lrmela Florin, and Jürgen Margraf PSYCHOLOGY A Behavioral Overview Alan Poling, Henry Schlinger, Stephen Starin, and Elbert Blakely USING RATIONAL-EMOTIVE THERAPY EFFECTIVELY A Practitioner's Guide Edited by Michael E. Bernard A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Perspectives and Promises of Clinical Psychology Edited by Anke Ehlers, Wolfgang Fiegenbaum, lrmela Florin, and Jürgen Margraf Christoph Dornier Foundation for Clinical Psychology Marburg, Germany Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data Perspect1ves and promises of el inical psychology 1 ed1ted by Anke Ehlers ... [et al.l. p. cm. -- CApplled cllnical psychology> Includes blbllographlcal references and 1ndexes. 1. Cl1n1cal psychology. 2. C11n1cal neuropsychology. 3. Mental 1 llness--Treatment. I. Ehlers. Anke, Ph. D. II. Ser1es. [DNLM 1. Neurot1c Dlsorders--therapy. 2. Psychology, Clin1cal. WM 170 P467) RC467.P425 1992 616.89--dc20 DNLM/DLC for L1brary of Congress 91-39351 CIP ISBN 978-1-4899-3676-9 ISBN 978-1-4899-3674-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-3674-5 © 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1992. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992 AII rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Preface Clinical psychology is a rapidly expanding field. Impressiveprogress has been made in basic research and treatment of various psychological (e.g., anxiety disorders) and somatic disorders (e.g., neurological disorders). The purpose of this book is to illustrate recent achievements and to outline perspectives for further applications of clinical psychology in research and treatment. The intro duction by Florin and Piegenbaum demonstrates that the scope of clinical psychology in research and application is much broader than previously thought The subsequent contributions address three major misconceptions about clinical psychology in the light of recent research: Historically, clinical psychology has been identified with the study of therapeutic interventions which were quite nonspecific for various disorders and did not have a close connection with basic research. This has changed dramatically within the last two decades. Clinical psychologists engage in basic research designed to elucidate the physiological and cognitive mechanisms of mental and organic disorders. These developments are exemplified by several chapters of the present book: New data on the chemical senses and olfaction in particular have direct implications for clinical phenomena such as organ transplantations and pregnancy (see chapters by Ferstl and Eggert). Recent research on the cognitive evaluation of body sensations in panic disorder has led to specific and highly effective short-term interventions (chapters by Ehlers and Margrat). Furthermore, a better and more reliable classification of mental disorders should facilitate more specific treatments (chapters by Barlow and Moras). Clinical psychology uscd to be linked with the study of emotional disorders such as anxiety or depression. Modem clinical psychology, however, can make substantial contributions to the theory and treatment of medical disorders such as infertility, epilepsy, and cardiovascular disease. These topics are addressed in the present book. For example, evidence is provided suggesting that decreasing interpersonal stress by couples therapy is an effective treatment for organically healthy infertile men (chapters by Hellhammer and Kirschbaum), V vi Preface that biofeedback may be a valuable treatment for epilepsy (chapter by Birbaumer), and that behavioral processes are important for the etiology and management of hypertension, one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (chapters by Steptoe and Molineux). Clinical psychology has been equated with the study and treatment of less severe psychological problems such as low self-esteem or shyness. Recent research has demonstrated that psychological interventions are highly effective in the treatment of some severe mental disorders. Thus, it has been shown that family education and treatment prevent relapse in schizophrenia (chapter by Hahlweg). Other research proves that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of panic disorder (chapters by Ehlers and Margraf), agora phobia (chapters by Roth), post-traumatic stress disorder (chapter by Foa), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (chapters by Emmelkamp and Visser). Publication of this book is part of the work of the Christoph-Dornier Foundation for Clinical Psychology, Marburg, Germany. The purpose of the foundation is to advance clinical and abnormal psychology in practice and research. The foundation aims to establish opportunities to conduct psycholo gical treatments, to ameliorate these treatments by pertinent basic and applied research, and to make important results of clinical psychological research accessible to the public. We hope to facilitate achieving this last goal by including two types of contributions in the present book. In the first type of paper ("overview" paper), leading experts give a short overview of the pro gress that has been made in their research area and outline perspectives for the future. Thus, these papers offcr the reader the possibility to gain a rapid overview of recent developments. A more thorough understanding is offered by the second type of paper ("studies" paper) in which the same experts review empirical studies from their own work illustrating the points raised in their overviews in greater detail. We would like to express our gratitude to Gabriele Fünfstück, Dipl.-Psych., who organized the editorial work, translated some of the chapters, and pre pared the manuscript for camera-ready publication. Without her, we would not have been able to realize this book projcct. Furthermore, we acknowledge the help of Gian-Paolo Caminiti, Anne Dessloch, Dipl.-Psych., Melissa Jenkins, B.A., Kerstin Komischkc, Dipl.-Psych., and Christiane Zimmer, Dipl.-Psych., in preparing the manuscripts for publication. We would also like to thank Eliot Wemer and Gregory Safford of Plenum Press for their adept editorial support. Preface vii We acknowledge with appreciation the help of Monika Freitag, Dipl.-Psych., Bemd Frank, Dipl.-Psych., and Gabriete Fünfstück, Dipl.-Psych., in organizing the syrnposium. Last, but certainly not least we are grateful to Christoph Domier for bis cornrnitrnent to the advancernent of clinical psychology. Anke Ehlers Wolfgang Piegenbaum Irmela Florin Jürgen Margraf Contents INTRODUCTION Clinical Psychology: Its Successes and Perspectives . . . . 3 Irmela Florin and Wolfgang Fiegenbaum PROGRESS IN BASIC RESEARCH: IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT Diagnosis, DSM-IV, and Dimensional Approaches 13 David H. Barlow Dimensional Approaches to Diagnosis and the Problem of Anxiety and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Karla Moras and David H. Barlow The Perception of Smell and Taste as a Research Area of Clinical Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Roman Ferstl Production and Perception of Individual Specific Body Odors: A New Area of Research in Clinical Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Roman Ferstl and Frank Eggert Psychoendocrinology: The Brain, Hormones, and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Dirk Hellhammer ix X Contents Cortisol and Behavior: The "Trier Mental Challenge Test" (TMCT) - First Evaluation of a New Psychological Stress Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Clemens Kirschbaum, Oliver Diedrich, Jörg Gehrke, Stefan Wüst, and Dirk Hellhammer PROGRESS IN THE TREATMENT OF SOMATIC DISORDERS Clinicai-Psychological Treatment of Epileptic Seizures: A Controlled Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Niels Birbaumer, 1l10mas Elbert, Brigitte Rockstroh, Irene Daum, Peter Wolf, and Anthony Canavan Clinical Health Psychology and Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Andrew Steptoe Family History of Cardiovascular Disease, Physical Fitness, and Psychophysiological Reactivity to Mental Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Andrew Steptoe and David Molineux PROGRESS IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS Nature and Treatment of Panic Disorder ... 127 Jürgen Margraf and Anke Ehlers Anxiety and Physical Symptoms: Recent Findings on Panic Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Anke Ehlers and Jürgen Margraf

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