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Personalized Information Retrieval and Access: Concepts, Methods, and Practices Rafael Andrés González(cid:3) Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Nong Chen Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ajantha Dahanayake Georgia College & State University, USA INFORMATION SCIENCE REFERENCE Hershey • New York Acquisitions Editor: Kristin Klinger Development Editor: Kristin Roth Senior Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig Managing Editor: Jamie Snavely Assistant Managing Editor: Carole Coulson Copy Editor: Larissa Vinci Typesetter: Larissa Vinci Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com and in the United Kingdom by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanbookstore.com Copyright © 2008 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. (cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3) not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Personalized information retrieval and access : concepts, methods and practices / Rafael Andres Gonzalez Rivera, Nong Chen, and Ajantha Dahanayake, editors. p. cm. Summary: "This book surveys the main concepts, methods, and practices of personalized information retrieval and access in today's data intensive, dynamic, and distributed environment, and provides students, researchers, and practitioners with authoritative coverage of recent technological advances that are shaping the future of globally distributed information retrieval and anywhere, anytime information access"-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-510-8 (hbk.) ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-512-2 (ebook) 1. Database searching. 2. Information retrieval. 3. Web services. I. Gonzales Rivera, Rafael Andres. II. Chen, Nong, 1976- III. Dahanayake, Ajantha, 1954- QA76.9.D3P495123 2008 025.5'24--dc22 2007036852 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book set is original material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http://www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication. Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................xii Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................xx Section I Concepts Chapter I Learning Personalized Ontologies from Text: A Review on an Inherently Transdisciplinary Area ......1 ...... Shan.Chen,.University.of.Technology,.Sydney,.Australia . Mary-Anne.Williams,.University.of.Technology,.Sydney,.Australia Chapter II Overview of Design Options for Neighborhood-Based Collaborative Filterning Systems ..................30 . Nikos.Manouselis,.Informatics.Laboratory,.Agricultural.University.of.Athens,.Greece . Constantina.Costopoulou,..Informatics.Laboratory,.Agricultural.University.of.Athens,.Greece Chapter III Exploring Information Management Problems in the Domain of Critical Incidents ...........................55 . Rafael.Andrés.Gonzalez,.Delft.University.of.Technology,.The.Netherlands Chapter IV Mining for Web Personalization ...........................................................................................................77 . Penelope.Markellou,.University.of.Patras,.Greece . Maria.Rigou,.University.of.Patras,.Greece . Spiros.Sirmakessis,.University.of.Patras,.Greece Chapter V Clustering Web Information Sources.....................................................................................................98 Athena.Vakali,.Aristotle.University.of.Thessaloniki,.Greece . George.Pallis,.Aristotle.University.of.Thessaloniki,.Greece . Lefteris.Angelis,.Aristotle.University.of.Thessaloniki,.Greece. Section II Methods and Practices Chapter VI A Conceptual Structure for Designing Personalized Information Seeking and Retrieval Systems in Data Intensive Domains ..................................................................................................................119 Nong Chen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ajantha Dahanayake, Georgia College & State University, USA Chapter VII Privacy Control Requirements for Context-Aware Mobile Services .................................................151 Amr Ali Eldin, Accenture BV, The Netherlands Zoran Stojanovic, IBM Nederland BV, The Netherlands Chapter VIII User and Context-Aware Quality Filters Based on Web Metadata Retrieval .....................................167 Ricardo Barros, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Geraldo Xexéo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Wallace A. Pinheiro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jano de Souza, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Chapter IX Personalized Content-Based Image Retrieval ....................................................................................194 Iker Gondra, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada Chapter X Service-Oriented Architectures for Context-Aware Information Retrieval and Access ....................220 Lu Yan, University College London, UK Chapter XI On Personalizing Web Services Using Context ..................................................................................232 Zakaria Maamar, Zayed University, UAE Soraya Kouadri Mostéefaoui, Fribourg University, Switzerland Qusay H. Mahmoud, Guelph University, Canada Chapter XII Role-Based Multi-Agent Systems .......................................................................................................254 Haibin Zhu, Nipissing University, Canada MengChu Zhou, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Chapter XIII (cid:55)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:16)(cid:36)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:3) ...................................................................286 Tarek Ben Mena, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia & GRIC-IRIT, France Narjès Bellamine-Ben Saoud, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia Mohamed Ben Ahmed, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia Bernard Pavard, GRIC-IRIT, France Compilation of References ..............................................................................................................308 About the Contributors ...................................................................................................................342 Index ................................................................................................................................................347 Detailed Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................xii Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................xx Section I Concepts Chapter I Learning Personalized Ontologies from Text: A Review on an Inherently Transdisciplinary Area ......1 ...... Shan.Chen,.University.of.Technology,.Sydney,.Australia . Mary-Anne.Williams,.University.of.Technology,.Sydney,.Australia ...... Ontology learning has been identified as an inherently transdisciplinary area. Personalized ontology learning for Web personalization involves Web technologies and therefore presents more challenges. This chapter presents a review of the main concepts of ontologies and the state of the art in the area of ontology learning from text. It provides an overview of Web personalization, and identifies issues and describes approaches for learning personalized ontologies. The goal of this survey is—through the study of the main concepts, existing methods, and practices of the area—to identify new connections with other areas for the future success of establishing principles for this new transdisciplinary area. As a result, the chapter is concluded by presenting a number of possible future research directions. Chapter II Overview of Design Options for Neighborhood-Based Collaborative Filterning Systems ..................30 . Nikos.Manouselis,.Informatics.Laboratory,.Agricultural.University.of.Athens,.Greece . Constantina.Costopoulou,..Informatics.Laboratory,.Agricultural.University.of.Athens,.Greece The problem of collaborative filtering is to predict how well a user will like an item that he or she has not rated, given a set of historical ratings for this and other items from a community of users. A plethora of collaborative filtering algorithms have been proposed in related literature. One of the most prevalent families of collaborative filtering algorithms are neighborhood-based ones, which calculate a predic- tion of how much a user will like a particular item, based on how other users with similar preferences have rated this item. This chapter aims to provide an overview of various proposed design options for neighborhood-based collaborative filtering systems, in order to facilitate their better understanding, as well as their study and implementation by recommender systems’ researchers and developers. For this purpose, the chapter extends a series of design stages of neighborhood-based algorithms, as they have (cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) alternatives for each design stage and provides an overview of potential design options. Chapter III Exploring Information Management Problems in the Domain of Critical Incidents ..........................55 Rafael Andrés Gonzalez, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands In this chapter, information management problems and some of the computer-based solutions offered to deal with them are presented. The claim is that exploring the information problem as a three-fold is- sue, composed of heterogeneity, overload, and dynamics, will contribute to an improved understanding of information management problems. On the other hand, it presents a set of computer-based solutions (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:15)(cid:3) information fusion, and information personalization. In addition, this chapter argues that a rich and in- teresting domain for exploring information management problems is critical incident management, due to its complexity, requirements, and the nature of the information it deals with. Chapter IV Mining for Web Personalization ..........................................................................................................77 Penelope Markellou, University of Patras, Greece Maria Rigou, University of Patras, Greece Spiros Sirmakessis, University of Patras, Greece The Web has become a huge repository of information and keeps growing exponentially under no edito- (cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3) people with access to information is not the problem; the problem is that people with varying needs and preferences navigate through large Web structures, missing the goal of their inquiry. Web personalization is one of the most promising approaches for alleviating this information overload, providing tailored Web experiences. This chapter explores the different faces of personalization, traces back its roots, and fol- lows its progress. It describes the modules typically comprising a personalization process, demonstrates its close relation to Web mining, depicts the technical issues that arise, recommends solutions when possible, and discusses the effectiveness of personalization and related concerns. Moreover, the chapter (cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:17) Chapter V Clustering Web Information Sources ....................................................................................................98 Athena Vakali, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece George Pallis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Lefteris Angelis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece The explosive growth of the Web scale has drastically increased information circulation and dissemina- (cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:3) management issues, such as clustering on the Web, should be addressed and analyzed. Clustering has been proposed towards improving both the information availability and the Web users’ personalization. Clusters on the Web are either users’ sessions or Web information sources, which are managed in a variation of applications and implementations testbeds. This chapter focuses on the topic of clustering information over the Web, in an effort to overview and survey the theoretical background and the adopted practices of most popular emerging and challenging clustering research efforts. An up-to-date survey of the existing clustering schemes is given, to be of use for both researchers and practitioners interested in the area of Web data mining. Section II Methods and Practices Chapter VI A Conceptual Structure for Designing Personalized Information Seeking and Retrieval Systems in Data Intensive Domains ..................................................................................................................119 Nong Chen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ajantha Dahanayake, Georgia College & State University, USA Personalized information seeking and retrieval is regarded as the solution to the problem of informa- tion overload in domains such as crisis response and medical networks. Personalization algorithms and (cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3) dealing with ever-changing user information needs in data-intensive, dynamic, and distributed environ- ments. In this chapter, we present a conceptual structure for designing personalized, multidisciplinary information seeking and retrieval systems. This conceptual structure is capable of serving as a bridge between information needs coming from an organizational process, and existing implementations of information access services, software, applications, and technical infrastructure; it is also capable of (cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:182)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3) new way of thinking about the retrieval of personalized information. Chapter VII Privacy Control Requirements for Context-Aware Mobile Services .................................................151 Amr Ali Eldin, Accenture BV, The Netherlands Zoran Stojanovic, IBM Nederland BV, The Netherlands With the rapid developments of mobile telecommunications technology over the last two decades, a new computing paradigm known as ‘anywhere and anytime’ or ‘ubiquitous’ computing has evolved. Conse- quently, attention has been given not only to extending current Web services and mobile service models and architectures, but increasingly also to make these services context-aware. Privacy represents one of the hot topics that has questioned the success of these services. In this chapter, we discuss the different requirements of privacy control in context-aware service architectures. Further, we present the different functionalities needed to facilitate this control. The main objective of this control is to help end users make consent decisions regarding their private information collection under conditions of uncertainty. The proposed functionalities have been prototyped and integrated in a UMTS location-based mobile services testbed platform on a university campus. Users have experienced the services in real time. A survey of users’ responses on the privacy functionality has been carried out and analyzed as well. Users’ collected response on the privacy functionality was positive in most cases. Additionally, results obtained (cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:192)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:17) Chapter VIII User and Context-Aware Quality Filters Based on Web Metadata Retrieval .....................................167 Ricardo Barros, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Geraldo Xexéo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Wallace A. Pinheiro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jano de Souza, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil This chapter addresses the issues regarding the large amount and low quality of Web information by (cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:87)(cid:16)(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:3) retrieval. This starts with an initial evaluation and adjusts it to consider context characteristics and user perspectives to obtain aggregated evaluation values. Chapter IX Personalized Content-Based Image Retrieval ....................................................................................194 Iker Gondra, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada In content-based image retrieval (CBIR), a set of low-level features are extracted from an image to represent its visual content. Retrieval is performed by image example, where a query image is given (cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:85)- responding feature space. This approach suffers from the fact that there is a large discrepancy between the low-level visual features that one can extract from an image and the semantic interpretation of the image’s content that a particular user may have in a given situation. That is, users seek semantic similar- ity, but we can only provide similarity based on low-level visual features extracted from the raw pixel data, a situation known as the semantic gap. The selection of an appropriate similarity measure is thus an important problem. Since visual content can be represented by different attributes, the combination and importance of each set of features varies according to the user’s semantic intent. Thus, the retrieval strategy should be adaptive so that it can accommodate the preferences of different users. Chapter X Service-Oriented Architectures for Context-Aware Information Retrieval and Access ....................220 Lu Yan, University College London, UK Humans are quite successful at conveying ideas to each other and retrieving information from interac- tions appropriately. This is due to many factors: the richness of the language they share, the common understanding of how the world works, and an implicit understanding of everyday situations. When humans talk with humans, they are able to use implicit situational information (i.e., context) to enhance the information exchange process. Context plays a vital part in adaptive and personalized information retrieval and access. Unfortunately, computer communications lacks this ability to provide auxiliary context in addition to the substantial content of information. As computers are becoming more and more ubiquitous and mobile, there is a need and possibility to provide information “personalized, any time,

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Global information retrieval and anywhere, anytime information access has stimulated a need to design and model the personalized information search in a flexible and agile way that can use the specific personalization techniques, algorithms, and available technology infrastructure to satisfy high-le
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