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Personality, Social Skills, and Psychopathology: An Individual Differences Approach PDF

299 Pages·1991·8.55 MB·English
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Personality, Social Skills, and Psychopathology An Individual Differences Approach PERSPECTIVES ON INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES CECIL R. REYNOLDS, Texas A&M University, College Station ROBERT T. BROWN, University of North Carolina, Wilmington Current volumes in the series EXPLORATIONS IN TEMPERAMENT International Perspectives on Theory and Measurement Edited by Jan Strelau and Alois Angleitner HANDBOOK OF CREATIVITY Assessment, Research, and Theory Edited by John A. Glover, Royce R. Ronning, and Cecil R. Reynolds HANDBOOK OF MULTIVARIATE EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Second Edition Edited by John R. Nesselroade and Raymond B. Cattell HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Edited by John A. Glover and Royce R. Ronning THE INDIVIDUAL SUBJECT AND SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY Edited by Jaan Valsiner LEARNING STRATEGIES AND LEARNING STYLES Edited by Ronald R. Schmeck METHODOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Edited by Cecil R. Reynolds and Victor L. Willson THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES A Developmental Perspective Edited by Lawrence C. Hartlage and Cathy F. Telzrow PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND AROUSAL Edited by Jan Strelau and Hans J. Eysenck PERSONALITY, SOCIAL SKILLS, AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY An Individual Differences Approach Edited by David G. Gilbert and James J. Connolly THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY Edited by Hans J. Eysenck and Irene Martin A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Personality, Social Skills, and Psychopathology An Individual Differences Approach Edited by David G. Gilbert Department of PsycJw/J;gy Southern llli1Wis University at Carfmrdok Carbondale, JUinois and James J. Connolly Privau Practice New London, Connecticut Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Personality, social Skllls, and psychopathology: an individual differences approach I edited by David G. Gilbert and James J. Connolly. p. cm. -- (Perspectives on individual differences) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Psychology, Pathological. 2. Social skills--Psychological aspects. 3. Personality. 4. Individual differences. I. Gilbert, David, G., 1947 Oct. 12- II. Connolly, James J .• 1950- III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Interpersonal Relations. 2. Mental Disorders. 3. Models, Psychological. 4. Personality. 5. Social Behavior. WM 100 P469 1 RC454.4.P464 1991 155.2--dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 91-21360 CIP ISBN 978-1-4899-0637-3 ISBN 978-1-4899-0635-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0635-9 © 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Contributors Thomas N. Bradbury, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024 David W. Brokaw, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, California 91702 Ross Buck, Department of Communication Sciences, University of Con- necticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1085 Emil Chiauzzi, Northeast Psychiatric Associates, Brookside Hospital, Nashua, New Hampshire 03063 James J. Connolly, Private Practice, 400 Bayonet Street, New London, Connecticut 06320 Frank D. Fincham, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820 Brenda O. Gilbert, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois Univer- sity at Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6502 David G. Gilbert, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6502 Stephen P. Hinshaw, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 v VI CONTRIBUTORS Joyce Hogan, Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 Robert Hogan, Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 Jack E. Hokanson, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Michael A. McColloch, Private Practice, 3779 Vest Mill Road, Winston- Salem, North Carolina 27103 James P. McHale, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Clinton W. McLemore, Relational Dynamics Institute, Inc., P.O. Box 60725, Pasadena, California 91116 Mark P. Rubert, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Preface This book presents an introduction to the study of relationships among per- sonality, social skills, and psychopathology. Although research findings dur- ing the last decade have made it clear that the relationships among these variables are almost always complex and mUltiply determined, many clini- cians and theoreticians have not incorporated such complexities into their models of human behavior and therapeutic intervention. This discrepancy between clinical theory and research-based findings has been of special con- cern to us because we have been both empirically oriented academic re- searchers and practicing clinicians. It is our belief that clinical theory relat- ed to personality, social skills, and psychopathology can be enriched by re- search findings from a wide range of fields-from human genetics, tempera- ment, and personality to family systems, affect, psychophysiology, and learning. This book is divided into an introductory chapter and three sections. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the issues in the field, compares models, and provides suggestions for further integration and ar- ticulation of concepts related to personality, social skills, and psycho- pathology. The book's first section presents state-of-the-art general models of interactions among personality, social skills, and psychopathology. Con- nolly opens this section with a chapter that reviews longitudinal findings in- dicating that personality traits predict the onset of psychopathology and marital distress. The etiology of these and related findings is the subject of other chapters in this section. Brokaw and McLemore review interpersonal models of personality and psychopathology and provide an in-depth analysis of Benjamin-Smith's interpersonal model and its empirical support. Inter- personal models have not focused on what variables determine individuals' tendencies to adopt a particular social style. Thus Buck's chapter comple- vii viii PREFACE ments that of Brokaw and McLemore by addressing the important question of the development of individual differences in social and emotional skills. In this way, Buck provides a transition from the interpersonal domain to the more traditional individual focus on the relationship of personality to social behavior and psychopathology. Gilbert presents a model that builds on Buck's findings as it predicts social interaction as a function of the person- alities of the interactants and the setting. The personality x personality x setting biosocial model developed by Gilbert relates individual differences in temperamental, personality, and psychophysiological processes to interper- sonal processes, including emotional arousal and skill in interpersonal con- flict resolution. In the final chapter of the first section, Robert and Joyce Hogan discuss relationships of personality and social behavior to social ac- ceptance and status. The book's second section provides excellent reviews of the relations of social skills to specific psychopathologies. Hokanson and Rubert assess in- terpersonal and social skill factors in the development and maintenance of depression. McColloch and Gilbert assess the development, maintenance, and stability of aggression in a review that pays close attention to the role of social skills in these processes. Chiauzzi assesses conceptual, methodologi- cal, and treatment issues in the social skill training for alcoholics. The ef- fects of medication on social interactions have important implications for any model of interpersonal processes and social skill. The chapter by Hinshaw and McHale provides information that is a challenge for all models' interpersonal process. Stimulant medications have predictable effects on social interactions of hyperactive children. Such medication-induced effects can be viewed as pharmacologically induced changes of temperament and, thus, can be used to assess the role of the individual in social interactions. In the book's final section, Bradbury and Fincham provide an excellent review of various state-of-the-art means of analyzing sequential social in- teractions. The techniques they review provide a means of operationalizing and assessing many of the social skills and processes that are the topic of this book. We wish to thank all our authors for their cooperation and perseverance in producing this book. We believe that the final product is well worth their labors. David Gilbert wishes to thank his family for their support, for their teaching so much about what can be good about social relationships: his wife Brenda for being the stable and supportive person he needed; his children Aline and Elizabeth, who contributed to this book with their love and won- derful-yet different-personalities; and his parents Naomi and Wyn Gilbert, who modeled how to have a successful family and marriage. James Connolly wants to thank his wife Roberta for her support. We both want to thank our colleagues at Plenum Press for their support and Robert T. PREFACE IX Brown, series editor, who encouraged us to make it the best book it could be. David G. Gilbert James J. Connolly Carbondale and New London

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