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Persalinan bagi ODHA Perempuan oleh dr. Anita Rachmawati, SpOG PDF

18 Pages·2012·1.21 MB·Indonesian
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Preview Persalinan bagi ODHA Perempuan oleh dr. Anita Rachmawati, SpOG

dr. Anita Rachmawati, SpOG Bagian Obstetri Ginekologi FK UNPAD/RS Hasan Sadikin Bandung Risiko penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi tanpa intervensi PMTCT Periode transmisi Risiko •Kehamilan 5 - 10 % •Persalinan 10 - 20 % •Menyusui 10 - 15 % Total 25 - 45 % Risiko tertinggi Risiko penularan masa persalinan His  tekanan pada plasenta meningkat Terjadi sedikit pencampuran antara darah ibu dengan darah bayi Lebih sering terjadi jika plasenta meradang/ terinfeksi Bayi terpapar darah dan lendir serviks pada saat melewati jalan lahir Bayi kemungkinan terinfeksi karena menelan darah dan lendir serviks pada saat resusitasi Konsep dasar intervensi PMTCT • Kurangi jumlah ibu hamil dengan HIV positif • Turunkan Viral Load serendah-rendahnya • Meminimalkan paparan janin/bayi dengan cairan tubuh ibu HIV positif • Optimalkan kesehatan ibu dengan HIV positif SC elektif menurunkan risiko transmisi vertikal  hingga 50% pada wanita terinfeksi HIV tanpa ARV  hingga 87% pada wanita terinfeksi HIV dengan ARV (ZDV) Read JS. Preventing mother to child transmission of HIV: the role of cesarean section. Sex Transm Inf 2000;76;231-232 International Perinatal HIV group, 1999 Konsep dasar intervensi PMTCT • Kurangi jumlah ibu hamil dengan HIV positif • Turunkan Viral Load serendah-rendahnya • Meminimalkan paparan janin/bayi dengan cairan tubuh ibu HIV positif • Optimalkan kesehatan ibu dengan HIV positif WHO RHL  The benefit of elective CS delivery among women who either received, or did not receive,ZDV.  Unfortunately, the data are insufficient to evaluate the potential benefit of CS delivery for neonates of ARV-treated women with plasma HIV-RNA levels < 1000 copies/ml.  It is unlikely that scheduled CSdelivery would confer additional benefit in reduction of HIV-1 transmission among this group. PACTG 367 (Shapiro, 2004) In almost 2900 pregnancies found that in all subgroups of VL  combination ARV therapy was associated with the lowest rates of transmission and with VL <1000 c/Ml  MTCT rates were significantly lower with multiagent vs single-agent ARV (0.6% vs 2.2%) but did not differ by mode of delivery The European Collaborative Study Among 4500 women with undetectable VL and after adjusting for ARV therapy during pregnancy, scheduled CS was not associated with additional benefit in reduction of transmission REKOMENDASI  Perlu dilakukan konseling kepada ibu dan pasangan mengenai manfaat dan risiko persalinan pervaginam dan persalinan dengan SC elektif  Persyaratan untuk persalinan pervaginam: - Ibu minum ARV teratur, atau - Muatan Virus/ Viral Load tidak terdeteksi  Dianjurkan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan muatan virus/ viral load pada usia kehamilan 36 minggu ke atas

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dr. Anita Rachmawati, SpOG. Bagian Obstetri Ginekologi FK UNPAD/RS Hasan Sadikin. Bandung. Page 2. Risiko penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi.
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