(Periodical Publications are marked by an asterisk.) AAA* Annals of Archaeology and ...

606 Pages·2013·10.05 MB·English

ABBREVIATIONS
(Periodical Publications are marked by an asterisk.)
AAA* Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, Liverpool.
ADB Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Leipzig.
AE* Ancient Egypt and the East, London.
AEB Annual Egyptological Bibliography, Leiden.
AfO* Archiv für Orientforschung, Vienna.
AJA* American Journal of Archaeology, New York.
Al. Cantab. Alumni Cantabrigienses, edited by J. A. Venn. 10 vols.
Cambridge, 1922-34.
A1. Oxon. Alumni Oxionienses 1500-1886, edited by J. Foster, 4 vols.
reprint New York, 1968.
Andrews Diary Diary kept on board the Bedawin, the dahabiya of Theodore
M. Davis during 17 trips to Egypt, 1889-1912 by Mrs
Emma B. Andrews. MS copy in Metropolitan Museum,
New York.
ASAE* Annales du Service des Antiquités, Cairo.
Athanasi A brief account of the researches and discoveries in Upper Egypt made
under the direction of Henry Salt Esq. by Giovanni d’Athanasi.
London 1836.
Barker Syria and Egypt under the last five Sultans of Turkey: being the
experiences during Fifty years of Mr Consul-General Barker, chiefly
from his letters and journals. Edited by his son, Edward B. B.
Barker. 2 vols. London, 1876.
BASOR* Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, New Haven,
Conn.
Belzoni Narrative of operations and recent discoveries in the Pyramids, Temples,
Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and Nubia. By G. Belzoni. 3rd
ed, London, 1822.
BES* Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar, New York.
BIBIB Biographical Index of deceased British and Irish Botanists. By James
Britten and George S. Boulger: 2nd ed, revised by A. B.
Rendle. London, 1931.
Bibl. Ég. Bibliothèque Égyptologique, contenant les oeuvres des Égyptologues
français ... Publiée sous la direction de G Maspero. 40 vols.
Paris, 1893-1915. (Those most frequently quoted are the
volumes containing biographies of Mariette (vol 18), de
Rougé (21), and Lefébure (34).
BIÉ* Bulletin de l’Institut d’Égypte, Cairo.
BIFAO* Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, Cairo.
BiOr* Bibliotheca Orientalis, Leiden.
BM The British Museum.
BL The British Library
BMMA* Bulletin Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
BMRAH* Bulletin des Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire, Brussels.
BMQ* British Museum Quarterly, London.
Boase F. Boase, Modern English Biography, 1892-1921.
Bonomi Diary The manuscript journal of Joseph Bonomi, for the years
1829-33. (W R D used his own abstract compiled from a
copy in the Griffith Institute, Oxford).
BSAC* Bulletin de la Société d’archéologie Copte, Cairo.
BSEG* Bulletin de la Société d’Égyptologie, Geneva.
BSFÉ* Bulletin de la Société française d’égyptologie, Paris.
Budge, N & T By Nile and Tigris: a narrative of journeys to Egypt and Mesopotamia
on behalf of the British Museum between the years 1886 and 1913.
By Sir E. A. Wallis Budge. 2 vols. London, 1920.
Budge, R & P The Rise and Progress of Assyriology. By Sir E. A. Wallis Budge.
London, 1925.
Burton Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Medinah and Meccah. Ed
Stanley Lane-Poole. 2 vols. London 1913.
Carré Voyageurs et Écrivains français en Égypte. By Jean-Marie Carré.
2 vols. Cairo, 1932; 2nd ed., 1956.
xiii
Chabas Notice Biographique de François Joseph Chabas. By F. Chabas and
Philippe Virey, Paris, 1898. (Also reprinted in Bibl. Ég. vol
9.)
Champollion Lettres et Journaux de Champollion. Ed H. Hartleben. 2 vols.
Paris, 1902. (Bibl. Ég., vols 30, 31.)
CHÉ Cahiers d’histoire égyptienne, Cairo.
Chron. d’Ég.* Chronique d’Égypte, Brussels.
CRAIBL* Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Comptes Rendus, Paris.
DAB Dictionary of American Biography, 1928ff.
Dawson MSS W R D’s own manuscript collections bound in about 100
vols, now in the BL.
DBDI Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Rome.
DBE Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopäde. 2nd ed. 2005-8.
DBF Dictionnaire de Biographie Française. Ed Balteau, Barroux, and
Prévost. 1933 (in progress).
DNB Dictionary of National Biography. London and Oxford, 1885ff.
EA Egyptian Archaeology, London.
EB Encyclopaedia Britannica. 12th and subsequent eds.
EDAL Egyptian and Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries. Milan.
EEF Egypt Exploration Fund.
EEF Arch. Rep. Egypt Exploration Fund, Archaeological Reports, London.
EES Egypt Exploration Society.
Enc. It. Enciclopedia Italiana, 36 vols. Rome, 1935-1939.
ERA Egyptian Research Account.
Erman Mein Werden und mein Wirken. By Adolf Erman, Leipzig,
1929.
Finati Life and Adventures of Giovanni Finati. Dictated by himself,
translated from the Italian and edited by W. J. Bankes. 2
vols. London, 1830.
FuF* Forschungen und Fortschritte, Berlin.
GM* Gentleman’s Magazine. London, 1731-1868.
Goodwin Charles Wycliffe Goodwin, 1817-1878, a Pioneer in Egyptology. By
Warren R. Dawson. Oxford, 1934.
Gött. Misz.* Göttinger Miszellen, Göttingen.
Griffith Corr. The correspondence of F. Ll. Griffith, in the Griffith
Institute, Oxford.
Hartleben Champollion: sein Leben und sein Werk. by Hermine Hartleben.
2 vols. Berlin, 1906.
Hay Diary The manuscript diary of Robert Hay, for the years 1824
to 1827. (W R D used his own copy made from BL Add
MS 31054, supplemented by extracts from other Hay
manuscripts, and a partial copy, fuller than the original,
made by Bonomi.)
Henniker Notes during a visit to Egypt, Nubia ... and Jerusalem. By Sir
Frederick Henniker. 2nd ed. London, 1824.
Hill A Biographical Dictionary of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. by Richard
Hill. Oxford, 1951; 2nd ed., 1967.
Hilmy The Literature of Egypt and the Soudan: A Bibliography. By Prince
Ibrahim Hilmy. 2 vols. London, 1886-7.
Hincks Edward Hincks, a selection from his correspondence and a memoir. by
E. F. Davidson. Oxford, 1933.
Hincks Corr. The correspondence of Edward Hincks in the Griffith
Institute, Oxford. (595 documents, including many not
published by Davidson).
IEJ* Israel Exploration Journal, Jerusalem.
IFAO Institut français d’archéologie orientale, Cairo.
ILN* Illustrated London News, London.
Irby Travels in Egypt and Nubia, Syria and Asia Minor, during the years
1817 and 1818. By the Hon. Charles Leonard Irby and
James Mangles. 2nd ed London, 1844. (The 1st ed was
privately printed, 1823.)
Iversen The Myth of Egypt and its Hieroglyphs in European tradition. By
Erik Iversen. Copenhagen, 1961.
JAI* Journal of the Anthropological Institute (later Royal), London.
JAOS* Journal of the American Oriental Society, Baltimore.
xiv
JARCE* Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Princeton and
New York.
JEA* Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, London.
JHS* Journal of Hellenic Studies, London.
JMEOS* Journal of the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society,
Manchester.
JNES* Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Chicago.
JRAS* Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London.
KMT* KMT. A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt, Sebastopol, CA.
Kürschner Kürschners Deutschen-Gelehrten-Kalender. Berlin, various years.
Lamy L’Égyptologie avant Champollion. By Florimond Lamy and
Marie-Cécile Bruwier. 2005
Larousse Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe Siècle. 17 vols. Paris, 1866;
and ditto, XXe Siècle. 6 vols, Paris, 1928.
Legh A Narrative of a journey in Egypt and the country beyond the Cataracts.
By Thomas Legh. London, 1816.
Lelorrain Notice sur le voyage de M Lelorrain en Égypt et observations sur le.
Zodiaque Circulaire de Dendereh. By P. Saulnier, Paris, 1822.
Lepsius Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia and the Peninsula of Sinai. By Dr
Richard Lepsius, trans by L. and J. B. Horner. London,
1853.
Lepsius (Life) Georg Ebers: Richard Lepsius: A Biography, trans from the
German by Zoe Dana Underhill. New York, 1887.
Light Travels in Egypt, Nubia and the Holy Land ... in the year 1814. By
Henry Light. London, 1818.
Linant Diary Manuscript Journal of Linant de Bellefonds of his journey
from Cairo to Meroe and back 15 June 1821 to 23 June
1822. In the Griffith Institute.
Lindsay Letters on Egypt, Edom and the Holy Land. by Lord Lindsay. 4th
ed. London, 1847.
Lugt F. Lugt, Répertoire des catalogues de ventes publiques intéressant l’art
ou la curiosité 1600-1925. 4 vols. The Hague, 1938-1987.
Madox Excursions in the Holy Land, Egypt, Syria, etc. By John Madox.
2 vols. London, 1834.
MDAIK* Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo,
Wiesbaden.
Minutoli Recollections of Egypt. By Baroness von Minutoli, 1827.
MMA Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Moorehead The Blue Nile, London. 1962.
Myers Diary Manuscript Diary of Major William Joseph Myers, from
1879 to 1898. In 36 vols of which nos 11-14 and 24 are
missing. At Eton College.
NARCE* Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt, New
York.
NBG Nouvelle Biographie Générale. By H. Hoeffer. 46 vols. Paris,
1855-66.
NDB Neue Deutsche Biographie, Berlin.
Newberry Corr The Correspondence of Prof P. E. Newberry, in the Griffith
Institute, Oxford.
NNBW Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. 10 vols. Leiden.
ÖBL Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon, 1815-1950. Vienna.
OFRS* Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. London
OLZ* Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Berlin and Leipzig.
Owen Diary Diary of a Journey to Egypt by Prof (later Sir) Richard Owen,
in 1869. MS in the Natural History Museum, London.
ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004.
PBA* Proceedings of the British Academy, London.
PEFQS* Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statements, London.
PEQ* Palestine Exploration Quarterly, London.
Petrie Seventy Years in Archaeology. By Sir W. M. Flinders Petrie,
London, 1931.
PSBA* Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, London.
QR* Quarterly Review, London.
Rec Champ Recueil d’études égyptologiques dédiées à la mémoire de Jean-François
Champollion. Paris, 1922.
xv
Rec Trav* Receuil de travaux relatifs à la Philologie et à l’Archéologie égyptiennes
et assyriennes. Paris.
Renouf Corr Correspondence of Sir Peter le Page Renouf in the Griffith
Institute, Oxford.
Rev. arch.* Revue archéologique,Paris.
Rev. d’ég. Revue d’égyptologie, Paris.
Rev. ég. Revue égyptologique, Paris.
Richardson Travels along the Mediterranean and parts adjacent, in company with
the Earl of Belmore, during the years 1816, 1817, and 1818. By
Robert Richardson. 2 vols. London, 1822.
Romer A Pilgrimage to the temples and tombs of Egypt, Nubia and Palestine.
By Mrs (Isabella Frances) Romer. 2 vols. London, 1846.
SAK* Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Hamburg.
Salt The Life and Correspondence of Henry Salt, Esq. late H. B. M.
Consul-General in Egypt. By J. J. Halls. 2 vols. London 1834.
Sayce Reminiscences. By the Rev A. H. Sayce. London, 1923.
Sherer Scenes and Impressions of Egypt, India, etc. By Moyle Sherer.
2nd ed. London, 1825. (1st ed pub anonymously, 1824.)
Tresson Le Voyage archéologique de M le Comte Louis de Saint-Ferriol en
Égypte et en Nubie. By P. Tresson. (Bull. Acad. Delphinale
Grenoble, 1928).
TSBA* Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, London.
Valentia Voyages and Travels in India ... Abyssinia and Egypt in the years
1802 to 1806. By George (Annesley) Viscount Valentia. 3
vols. London 1809. (The 8vo ed of 1811 is here quoted.)
Vapereau Dictionnaire Universel des Contemporains. Paris, 1878.
VDI* Vestnik Drevnel Istorii, Moscow.
Vyse Operations carried on at the pyramids of Gizeh in 1837. By Colonel
(Richard William) Howard-Vyse. 3 vols. London, 1840-2.
Walpole Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey and other countries
of the East, edited from Manuscript Journals. by Robert Walpole.
London, 1818.
Westcar Diary The manuscript diary of a tour in Egypt and Nubia in 1823-4,
by Henry Westcar. (The references are to the original MS
formerly in the possession of Dr L. Keimer but now in the
library of the German Institute, Cairo. A transcript by W R
D is in the BL, Add MS 52283.)
WW Who’s Who, London.
WWA Who’s Who in America, Chicago.
WWF Who’s Who in France, Paris.
WWW Who Was Who, 5 vols. London, 1929-60. (vol I, 1897-1915;
vol II, 1916-28; vol III, 1929-40; vol IV, 1941-50; vol V,
1951-60; vol VI, 1961-70, VII, 1971-80.
WWWA Who was who in America, Chicago, covers 1897-1981.
Wilbour Travels in Egypt (Dec, 1880, to May, 1891), Letters of Charles
Edwin Wilbour. Ed by Jean Capart. Brooklyn, 1936.
Wilson Signs and Wonders upon Pharaoh. By J. A. Wilson. Chicago,
1964.
WZKM* Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vienna.
ZÄS* Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, Leipzig and
Berlin
ZDMG* Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen gesellschaft, Leipzig and
Wiesbaden.
ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie and Epigraphik, Bonn.
xvi
FOREWORD
In late 2008, when it first decided to publish a fourth edition of Who Was Who in Egyptology,
the Egypt Exploration Society was undergoing a series of changes brought about initially
by the withdrawal of British Academy funding, but also by a new Charities Act - the law
governing the way that charities such as the EES operate - and a need for modernisation
in general. This was the latest chapter in the history of the EES, which in 2012 celebrates
its 130th anniversary. The Society, and those associated with it, has in that time made
an enormous contribution to Egyptology. It has a glorious history of its own and it
is appropriate therefore that the EES should be the publisher of Who Was Who, the
definitive reference tool for anyone studying, or interested in, the people who have
shaped our subject.
Two of the most important of the Society’s assets have been given much attention as
a result of the recent changes, and are well represented in this book: The Lucy Gura
Archive (and not least the photographs it contains) and the Society’s own rich history of
contribution to Egyptology and archaeology in Egypt. The recognition of the importance
of these assets was a significant step, offering the Society the opportunity to capitalise
on the growing popularity of the history of the subject, and thereby to engage with new
audiences, engender a spirit of pride in the institution’s history among members, and
raise awareness of its most significant achievements.
The Academy’s abandonment of the model by which the EES and other organisations
like it could apply for a ‘block grant’ to support its research activities caused the Society
to think hard about what it wanted to do and how it could find the funds to achieve its
aims. In many ways, this meant re-focussing on the fundraising and public engagement
to which Amelia Edwards had devoted so much of her energies, and without which the
Society could never have been created. In 2008 the Society ran a campaign inviting
members to provide the necessary financial support for a series of small-scale, sharply
focussed research endeavours, fittingly named the ‘Amelia Edwards Projects’. Initially,
this was an experiment: we wanted to know whether our already very generous members
would be able and willing to provide us with additional funds, and also what kinds of
projects they might be prepared to support.
In addition to two traditional field research projects, members were invited to support
a new ‘Oral History of Egyptology’ project. The proposal was to conduct interviews
with senior Egyptologists in the U.K., recording their memories of life and work in
Egypt, of the social, political and economic conditions which have shaped that work,
and of colleagues, including, in some cases, some of the great figures who appear in this
book. Fortunately, and most encouragingly, the project received the required support
and, since 2008, conversations have been recorded with Kenneth Kitchen, H. S. Smith,
Eric Uphill, Jessie Aldred (wife of the late Cyril Aldred) and Robert Anderson. A series
of interviews conducted by Rosalind Janssen in the 1990s have also been converted to
digital format and the entire collection now forms a part of a digital archive. Excerpts
from the interviews have been made available online (http://www.youtube.com/user/
EgyptExplorSociety) and it is hoped that the project will continue for many years to
come.
Following the successful launch of the ‘Oral History’ and other ‘Amelia Edwards
Projects’, and encouraged by the tremendous response to the 2008 campaign, it was
decided that a second fundraising campaign, in 2009, should focus on a single objective:
the ambitious programme of digitising and re-housing the material in the Lucy Gura
Archive. The Archive was named after the late Lucy Gura, an enthusiastic EES member
who died before her time, in recognition of a very generous donation made by her family
which was used to begin the digitisation. In 2007 approximately 15,000 glass negatives
taken in the field by the Society’s excavators between 1883 and the outbreak of World
War II, were scanned, creating a back-up, and immediately making the collection more
accessible to staff and researchers. Since then many of these photographs have appeared
in the Society’s print publications and online, and staff can deal with researchers’ image
v
requests far more quickly than previously. The purchase of a high quality photo scanner
in 2008 allowed the digitisation to continue, smaller groups of material being selected
according to researchers’ needs.
The campaign in 2009 represented a commitment on the Society’s part to ensuring the
long-term preservation of the original material. The money raised was initially used
to pay for the compilation by Alice Williams of a catalogue of the material, which has
allowed the collection to be searched more easily. The records created will in due course
be combined with existing indices of correspondence and photographs, and also the
‘distribution lists’ which record the objects excavated by the Society and divided to it
by the Egyptian Antiquities Service for circulation to museums around the world. The
Society’s intention is to make the catalogue and indices available online so that the
entire collection can be searched remotely. Importantly, the catalogue has also provided
a clearer idea of the scale of the task and a start has now been made on re-housing
the most vulnerable parts of the collection. In 2011 a room, which had been Professor
Ricardo Caminos’ kitchen while he still lived at no. 4 Doughty Mews, was refurbished,
and work began on the thousands of photographs taken during the Society’s 1920s and
1930s work at Amarna and in the temple of Sety I at Abydos. Specialist conservators
and students were brought in to undertake the work, re-packing the glass negatives in
acid-free paper envelopes to be placed in sturdy, conservation-standard boxes. It is
hoped that this will provide a model, demonstrating what can be achieved and helping
the Society to raise further funds for this kind of work in future.
The production of this volume has been made possible by the generous support of
the Society’s members. We are particularly grateful in this regard to Paul Bennett,
Christopher Coleman, Andrew Cousins, Martin Davies, Aidan Dodson, Jennifer
Harshman, Alan Hayward, Faye Kalloniatis, Sue Kirk, Dayle Lanigan, Olivier-Romain
Rouchier, Gabriele Schier, Lyn Stagg and Ralph Wilkes. Mr Coleman has requested
that his contribution be dedicated to the memory of the former President of the EES
and great benefactor of Egyptian archaeology, Sir Robert Mond, by way of thanks to
those many members of Sir Robert’s family who have so kindly assisted the current work
of the Rock Art Topographical Survey. Sir Robert’s untimely death in 1938 tragically
deprived him, and thereby his dependent associates, Oliver Myers and Hans Winkler,
of the opportunity to build upon the important and highly productive research in which
they were then engaged in at Armant, in the Eastern Desert and at the Gilf Kebir.
Dr Bierbrier’s work in producing this volume is part of the Society’s wider efforts to
study and raise awareness of the history of Egyptology, and in part a reflection of its
own contribution to, and place within, the subject. We hope this much-expanded fourth
edition of Who Was Who will consolidate its status as a fitting tribute to the collective
achievements of those who have striven to improve understanding of Egypt’s history,
and an indispensable resource for anyone studying it.
CHRIS NAUNTON
Director of the Egypt Exploration Society
April 2012
vi
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION
The last edition of Who Was Who in Egyptology was completed in 1994 and appeared
in 1995. It was well received and has been out of print for several years. The Board
of Trustees of the Egypt Exploration Society has now agreed to support this fourth
edition. Much has changed since 1995 as the widespread use of email and the internet
has enabled more rapid communication with colleagues and more immediate access to
information and databases. It has been decided that the original time span, set by the
first editor Warren Dawson, should be maintained so there are no entries for individuals
before 1500. Similarly entries for scholars in the fields of Greek papyrology and Coptic
studies have been restricted to those who worked actively in Egypt although some
exceptions have been made. All previous entries have been examined and updated when
necessary. However, I have no doubt that mistakes and omissions still remain and these
will hopefully be corrected in future editions. The text closed for new entries at the end
of September 2011.
I would like to thank Dr Chris Naunton, Director of the Egypt Exploration Society, who
first proposed the fourth edition, scanned the majority of the images and set the volume to
page. I also thank him for his patience in explaining to me the intricacies of the Windows
personal computer. Special thanks are given to Dr Patricia Spencer, General Editor and
former Director of the Society, for her constant support for this project over the years
and, more especially, for proof-reading the text. Other members of staff contributed to
the production with helpful advice, notably Roo Mitcheson. I would also like to thank
Tom Hardwick who read through the entire text, suggesting many corrections and
additional entries. Any faults that remain are entirely my responsibility.
This volume could not have been produced without the help of many Egyptological
colleagues in various institutions around the world. Most are mentioned as sources at the
end of the biographies to which they contributed. However, special thanks are due to Dr
Beatrix Gessler-Löhr who not only corrected those entries in which she had an interest
but put me in touch with many other colleagues in Germany who could add information
to other biographies or contribute new ones. In much the same way Dr Dirk Huyge
performed this task for the entries from Belgium and Dr Hélène Virenque for the entries
from France. Their help has been invaluable in the preparation of this edition.
The inclusion of photographs proved very popular in the last edition and many more
have been added to this edition. Only time for research and expense has limited the
numbers so there will still be room for additions in any future edition. I would like
to thank Prof W. Y. Adams (Thabit); Dr S. Gitin and the W. F. Albright Institute,
Jerusalem; Mrs C. Aldred; the Annual Egyptological Bibliography (the late J. Janssen);
the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (A. Evans, J. Evans); M M. Azim; Dr J. von Beckerath
(Barta); Dr I. Begg (Anti, Bagnani); Birmingham Library Services (T. Davis); Mr M.
Borin (Dupuis); The British Institute for the Study of Iraq (Woolley); Bolton Museum
and Dr C. Routledge; M. Borin (Dupuis); the Department of Coins and Medals, the
Department of Ancient Egypt and the Sudan, the Department of Prints and Drawings,
and the Trustees of British Museum; The Brooklyn Museum; Dr A. Cappel (von Halle);
Mr J. Chester; Dr W. Clarysse (Quaegebeur, Vergote); Mr V. Chrysikopoulos (Dimitriou,
Rostovitz); Mr P. Clayton; Miss L. Collins (Eady); Mr R. Cooper and Miss J. Schottlander
(H. Price); Mr John Crowfoot; Prof Silvio Curto; Mr Roger Davies (Bosse-Griffiths, G.
Griffiths); Mme F. Debono; Dr E. Delange and E. David and the Département des
Antiquités Égyptiennes, Musée du Louvre; the Deutsche Archäologische Institut, Cairo
and I. Lehnert; Dr A. Dodson; Alisa Douer (Zaloscher); Dumbarton Oaks, Washington,
DC and S. White (Whittemore); Durham University Library and Ms J. Hogan; Mrs A.
Eggebrecht; The Egypt Exploration Society; Dr K. Exell; Prof C. Eyre; Dr L. French
(Wace); Dr I. Finkel; Dr L. Limme and Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth, Brussels;
Dr R. Friedmann (Adams, Hoffman); Madame Garnot; Miss A. Garnett (Rankin); Dr.
Beatrix Gessler-Löhr and the Institut für Ägyptologie, Rupprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg; Mrs M. Gilula; Prof M. Görg (Edel); The Griffith Institute, Oxford and Dr
J. Malek; Dr K. Grzymski (Shinnie); W. Guglielmi (Brunner and Brunner-Traut); Dr
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Prof W. Habermann (Bilabel); T. Hardwick (Nahman); Dr W. Benson Harer (Caillaud)
and Dr A. Bednarski; Mr M. G. Heinz (Ranke, C. Schmidt, Schweinfurth); Marsha
Hill, Metropolitan Museum of New York; Prof D. Huyge; the late Mr T. G. H. James;
Mrs R. Janssen (F. Grenfell); Mr A. Jeffreys; Dr D. Jeffreys; Prof P. Janosi; F. Kalloniatis
(Colman); Jill Kamil; the late Mr Max Karkegi; Kelsey Museum and Mr S. Encina;
Prof K. A. Kitchen (Childe); M. Kobusiewicz (Krzyżaniak); Kunsthistorisches Museum,
Vienna and Dr. R. Hölzl and Dr E. Hassmann; the late Prof J. Leclant, Dr C. Lee and
Mrs M. Orr (Mace); Dr C. Lilyquist; Prof U. Luft (Wessetzky); Mr and Mrs J. Mawas
(Menasce); The Metropolitan Museum of New York; M C. Meurice and the Archives
Mallet, Bouch (Clédat); Madame Anne Minault-Gout, Institut français d’archéologie
orientale, Cairo; Mrs A. Morecroft (Donati); Musée de l’Archéologie nationale, Saint-
Germain-en-Laye and Mme C. Lorre; The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Bissing, Crum,
Dunham, S. Smith); Prof D. O’Connor; Mrs Y. Neville-Rolfe (Bonomi); Newnham
College, Cambridge (Caton-Thompson); the late Mrs A. Nibbi; Prof W. Oerter; Dr
A. Onasch, the University of Leipzig; The Palestine Exploration Fund and Miss F.
Cobbing (Hogarth); Dr D. Patch (Romano); Mr S. Payne; Mr I. Pearce (W. Dixon); The
Petrie Museum, University College London and Dr D. Challis and Miss K. Swientek;
Prof P. Piacentini and the Università degli Studi di Milano; Dr L. Popko the Akademie
Verlag, the publishers of ZÄS for permission to use photographs from their obituaries;
Mrs J. Preston (Kirwan); Dr A. Stevenson and the Pitt Rivers Museum; Dr M. Raven,
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden; M J. Reinhold; G. Rosati (Bosticco); the late Miss
M. Rowlatt (A. Harris, S. Harris); the President and Council of the Royal College of
Surgeons of England (Sir E. Wilson); Royal Museum of Art and History, Brussels and Mr
C. Wouter; Mrs H. Sallam (Chaban, Hamza, Kamal); Dr B. Schlick (H. W. Muller ); Dr
B. Schmitz and the Roemer-und Pelizaeus Museum Hildesheim; Dr I. Shirin-Grumach
(Lichtheim); The School of Archaeology, Classics and Oriental Studies, University of
Liverpool and Miss P. Winker; The Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities and
Ms L. Green (Millet); Dr S. Spurr, Eton College (Myers); Dr E. Staehlin; Dr J. Taylor;
Dr Angela Thomas; Dr Jason Thompson; Revd S. Tillett together with Mr G. Hay (R.
Hay); the Board of Trinity College Dublin (E. Hincks); Dr Y. Tristant (Arcelin, Hamy,
Lenormant); Dr Lana Troy; Dr P. Usick; Prof M. Valloggia (Hari, Maystre); Dr G.
Vörös; Dr U. Wallenstein and the Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha, Schlossmuseum
(Seetzen); Dr E. Warembol (R. Tefnin); Prof K. Weeks; Wellcome Library and Dr M.-L.
Collard; Dr D. Welsby and SARS; Dr D. Wildung (Bothmer and Settgast); and Mrs
D. Woolner (C. Firth) for supplying photographs with permission to publish. I would
also wish to thank any copyright holders who may have accidentally been omitted from
the above list and apologize for their omission. I also apologize to any donors whose
photographs have not been included for various technical reasons.
Finally, I would like to thank all the readers of the previous edition who have come
forward with suggestions and additions. Your input is most welcome and hopefully will
continue so that any future edition will build on those of the past.
MORRIS L. BIERBRIER
April 2012
xii
ABBATE, (Pasha) Onofrio (1824-1915)
Italian physician and writer on Egyptian archaeology;
he was born in Palermo, 29 Feb. 1824; he graduated in
medicine and after studying ophthalmology, he practiced
as an oculist in Sicily; he emigrated to Egypt, 1845; he
entered the service of the Khedival government, and
during the cholera epidemic of 1848 worked as a doctor
among the workmen constructing the Delta barrage; later
he went to Sicily but returned to Egypt; Director of govt.
hospital, Alexandria, and took part in Crimean war, 1855,
as a doctor with the Egyptian fleet; he journeyed to the
Sudan, again as doctor, 1856-7; harem doctor to Ismail
and special consultant to Vicereine and Tewfik until 1887;
Memb. Eg. Inst., 1859; VP 1881; Pres. 1890; during his
later years he built and lived in a house near the Great Pyramid; he began his interest
in ancient Egypt during the earlier part of his life and published, Un basso-rilievo di Beni-
Hassan. Interpretazioni medico-archeologiche, 1843; articles on the Egyptian phoenix, the
statue of Memnon etc, during the 1880s; also a volume Egyptiaca relating to medicine,
geography and Egyptian archaeology, 1909; he died in Cairo, 11 Oct. 1915.
DBDI 1, 18-19; Enc It 1, 21.
ABBOTT, Henry William Charles (1807-1859)
British medical practitioner and collector; he was born 20
Aug. 1807 in Finchley, Middlesex, and baptized at St Mary’s
church in that parish 26 Sept. 1807; he was the eldest of three
natural sons of Henry Robert Abbott (1776-1847) and Mary
Ann White (1790-1852), who were subsequently married,
14 Dec. 1810, in St Clement Danes, London, she being still
under age and called a minor in the licence; the family origins
still remain obscure and it would seem that the father Henry
Robert may have claimed descent from the family of the
famous Archbishop George A. living in the reign of James I;
equally mysterious are Abbott’s early years; he is said to have
begun his career as ship’s surgeon in the Royal Navy and to
have left his ship at Alexandria to join the fleet of Muhammad Ali; against this view is
the fact that to date no records of his being a naval doctor have been found, while he
certainly witnessed his grandmother’s will at Hounslow in 1832; although he is often
called MD he apparently held no British diploma; another story has it that he went to
Egypt on a British official commission to look into the importation of drugs and other
such commodities that reached England via the Nile Valley; all that can be said is that
he signed himself “Henry Abbott, Surgeon”, and that he later claimed to have been
Chief Medical Officer of Muhammad Ali’s fleet; he had left the Egyptian service and
settled in Cairo in 1838 when David Roberts (q.v.) ‘dined with Dr Abbott à la Turk’; in
1840 probably, he married at the Armenian church in Cairo an Armenian girl Nemza
Kharkour (?), who died on 18 April 1865; in 1842 he founded jointly with Prisse d’Avennes
(q.v.) the Egyptian Literary Association in Cairo, a rival to the Egyptian Society founded
in 1836; both organizations served the same ends, to provide libraries and lectures,
and to act as meeting places for those interested in Egyptian history and art; this new
venture was short-lived but brought Abbott into touch with Wilkinson (q.v.) and Lepsius
(q.v.) as well as other Egyptologists, and who had been elected to hon. membership; by
this time he had acquired a considerable collection of antiquities and his ‘museum’ had
become a show place, especially for British and American visitors, to whom he dispensed
lavish hospitality; a catalogue of his collection of some five hundred items, was made
by Bonomi (q.v.) in 1843, published in Cairo, 1846; by the 1850s this collection had
grown to some twelve hundred pieces, and Abbott decided to try his luck in America,
his parents and their family having emigrated to the United States in 1828, subsequently
becoming American citizens; his sister Mary Ann had married Stewart Brown, member
of a prominent American merchant family, and it was to his care that Abbott consigned
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his collection 1851-2; leaving his family in the care of his younger brother Dr George
A., Vice-Consul in Cairo c.1856-9, he arrived in New York in the autumn of 1852; the
collection was put on exhibition at Stuyvesant Hall in lower Broadway Jan. 1853, and
an attempt made to raise $60,000 by public subscription, the sum he asked for it; interest
in Egyptian antiquities was then lacking and the exhibition proved a financial failure,
so that Abbott only succeeded in piling up debts; he returned to Egypt in 1854, leaving
both his collection and debts behind him; the rest of his story is one of gradual decline;
he apparently dabbled in trade, and having acquired from A. C. Harris (q.v.) the famous
papyrus that bears his name, resold it to the British Museum through the mediation of
Sir Gardner Wilkinson, 1857; Abbott remained a British subject even after going to
the United States, unlike his brother who is described as ‘physician’ in his will made at
Cairo 15 Nov. 1855, and to whom he bequeathed all his medical and surgical books
and instruments; Wilkinson was a witness to it, and after Abbott’s death vainly tried to
interest the British Museum in this collection now grown to enormous proportions; after
many ineffectual attempts had been made to sell the main collection, it was eventually
acquired for America in 1860, being purchased by The New York Historical Society,
which added $5,000 to the $29,581 already raised by public subscription, a bargain
price; the Abbott collection was the first important collection of Egyptian antiquities
owned by a public institution in the U.S.A., and in 1937 it was transferred on loan to
The Brooklyn Museum, and purchased by it, 1948; Abbott died at his property near
Benha, 30 March 1859.
Inf. Mrs E. Riefstahl; inf. Mr. P. J. Dyke; inf. Mr P. R. G. Jackson; inf. Brit. Consulate-
General, Cairo; Michael Bird, Samuel Shepheard of Cairo, 1957; Amer. Biogr. Notes, Albany
NY, 1875; C. Williams in Bull. N.Y. Hist. Soc. 4 (1920-1), 8-15; Brooklyn Mus. Bull. 10, no.
3 (Spring 1949), 17-23 (portr.); Romer i, 103, 368; ii, 113.
ABDERRASSUL (fl. 1871-1926)
Egyptian family consisting of several brothers living in Qurna, Muhammad (who was in
the service of Mustafa Agha (q.v.), Consular Agent at Luxor), Ahmed, and Soliman were
dealers in antiquities, but have acquired almost legendary fame through their discovery
about the year 1871 of the famous cache of Royal Mummies at Deir el-Bahri; this
illicit find soon attracted attention, for they sold papyri and other small objects from it,
whose appearance on the market aroused the suspicions of Maspero (q.v.); as a result of
inquiries and official action, Muhammad A. disclosed the secret in 1881, and E. Brugsch
(q.v.) went with the brothers to the hiding place and all the contents were removed to
Cairo Museum; the same family also discovered another tomb, the contents of which
were again exploited for some years before it was known; Muhammad A., who was then
in the employment of the Antiquities Service, disclosed the secret to Grébaut (q.v.) in
1891, and about 105 coffins and mummies of Dyn. 21, with their funerary furniture,
were taken to the Museum; Ahmed A. died about 1918 or 1919, and Muhammad, a
very old man, about 1926; another brother Hussein worked for Howard Carter (q.v.).
Maspero, Momies royales, 511 ff.; ASAE 1 (1900), 141-5; 8 (1907), 3-38; Wilbour, 33, 74,
and often (see Index); inf. Dr Hughes, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago; inf. Dr
Rosalind Moss; KMT 3/3 (1992),87.

ABEKEN, Heinrich Johann Wilhelm Rudolf (1809-1872)
German diplomat and archaeologist; he was born Osnabrück, 19 Aug. 1809, son of
Christian A. and Benedicta Mayer; he studied theology at the University of Berlin, and
became chaplain to the Prussian Embassy in Rome and later in London; he accompanied
the expedition of Lepsius, in Egypt and Nubia, 1842-44, and acted as chaplain; he
afterwards entered the diplomatic service; he was a life-long friend of Lepsius (q.v.),
studying Egyptology under him; he published a report on the expedition, and produced
other works; he died in Berlin, 8 August 1872.
Lepsius, 12 et passim, (see Index); Lepsius (Life), 141, 159, 228; Hill, 19; Hilmy, i, 7; H.
Abeken, Heinrich Abeken, 1898; English trans. Bismarck’s Pen, 1911; NDB 1, 8-9.
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