Performance Matching of Hydraulic Energy Converters and Wind Turbines for Heating Purposes PDF
Preview Performance Matching of Hydraulic Energy Converters and Wind Turbines for Heating Purposes
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Wind Energy Center Reports UMass Wind Energy Center 1979 Performance Matching of Hydraulic Energy Converters and Wind Turbines for Heating Purposes M. G. Rolland Jr. Duane E. Cromack William E. Heronemus Follow this and additional works at:https://scholarworks.umass.edu/windenergy_report Part of theMechanical Engineering Commons Rolland, M. G. Jr.; Cromack, Duane E.; and Heronemus, William E., "Performance Matching of Hydraulic Energy Converters and Wind Turbines for Heating Purposes" (1979).Wind Energy Center Reports. 14. Retrieved fromhttps://scholarworks.umass.edu/windenergy_report/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the UMass Wind Energy Center at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wind Energy Center Reports by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PERFORMANCE MATCHING OF HYDRAULIC ENERGY CONVERTERS AND WIND TURBINES FOR IIEATING PURPOSES Technical Report by M.G. Rolland, Jr., D.E. Cromack and W.E. Heronemus Energy Alternatives Program University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 December 1979 Prepared for the United States Department of Energy , and Rockwell International Rocky Flats Plant, Golde~, CO under Contract Number PF67025F. This report was prepared t o document work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither t h e United States nor its agent t h e Department of Energy, nor any Federal employees, nor any of t h e i r contractors, sub-contractors, or t h e i r employees, make any warranty, express o r implied, or assume any legal l i a b i l i t y or responsibility f o r the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represent t h a t its use would not infringe private owned rights. ABSTRACT An investigation of a fluid brake device designed to convert wind energy to neat is reported for small to moderate sire wind turbine applications. Fluid devices of three different geometries with vaned rotors were examined for power capacity and operating range. Converter size and geometry was related to rotational speed through a parametric study of the wind turbine and fluid energy converters. Wind tunnel tests, laboratory experimen-is, and analytic techniques lead to the development of three candidate hydraulic converters for matching the 10 m diameter Wind Furnace Model Four. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ................................................... DISCLAIMER ii ..................................................... ABSTRACT iii ........................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS i v ............................................. LIST OF FIGURES v i ............................................... LIST OF TABLES v i i i ........................................... LIST OF SYMBOLS i x ............................................... INTRODUCTION 1 ............ CHAPTER 1 ENERGY DEMAND AND IU'IND ENERGY RESOURCE 5 .......................... CHAPTER 2 WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE 10 ....................... CHAPTER 3 HYDRAULIC ENERGY CONVERTERS 18 ....................... 3.1 HISTORICAL EXAMINATION 19 3.2 LIMITATIONS OF HYDRAULIC ENERGY .................................. CONVERTERS 23 CHAPTER 4 ANALYTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ....................... HYDRAULIC ENERGY CONVERTERS 30 ......................... 4.1 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 30 .................... 4.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE DEVICE 32 ............ 4.3 OPERATING RANGE AND WORKING FLUID 33 ....................... 4.4 OFF DESIGN PERFORMANCE 34 .......................... 4.5 NUMERICAL PRECISION 35 .................... 4.6 TIME RESPONSE AND INERTIA 36 CHAPTER 5 MATCHING OF WIND TURBINES AND HYDRAULIC ................................. ENERGY CONVERTERS 46 ........... CHAPTER 6 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SCALE MODEL 50 .............................. 6.1 TEST PROCEDURE 51 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page ..................................... 6.2 RESULTS 53 6.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............4. 5 CHAPTER 7 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE WIND ............................... FURNACE MODEL FOUR 64 TWISTER'^) ........................ 7.1 THE WATER 66 ................. 7.2 THE WIND FURNACE MODEL FOUR 66 ............................. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 74 LIST OF FIGURES Page ....................................... 1.1 Wind Energy i n Iowa 8 1.2 Analytical Comparison o f Wind Energy and Heat .................... Demand for an Average New England Home 9 .......... 2.1 Summary of Power Coefficient and Tip Speed Ratio 16 ........ 2.2 Relationship of Speed and Power for Wind Furnace I 17 (R) ....................................... 3.1 Water Twister 12 25 ................ 3.2 Geometry of Several Hydraulic Dynamometers 26 ...................... 3.3 Vane Detai 1 o f Reynol ds Dynamometer -27 .............................................. 3.4 Torus Detail 28 .......................................... 3.5 Stream Line Flow 29 4.1 Empirical Power Number of Several Different .................................... Hydraulic Dynamometers 42 ............ 4.2 Typical Performance o f a Hydraulic Dynamometer 43 ..................... 4.3 Kinematic Viscosity o f Several F7 uids 44 ............................................ 4.4 Torus Geometry 45 5.1 Parametric Relationship of Wind Tu.r bines ........................... and Hydraulic Energy Converters 49 ............................................. 6.1 Rotor Details 55 ................................................. 6.2 Prototype 56 ............................................... 6.3 Vane Detail 57 ............................................... 6.4 Test Detail 58 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page ....... 6.9 Comparison of Analytic and Experimental Results 63 .......................................... 7.1 Project Plan 68 .................................. 7.2 Model Four Version A 69 .................................. 7.3 Model Four Version B 70 .................................. 7.4 Model Four Version C 71 7.5 Relationship of Speed and Power for ................ Water ~wister(R)M odel 12 and Model 14 72 ..................... 7.6 Wind Furnace Model Four Version C 73 LIST OF TABLES Page ................. 2.1 Cal cul ati on of Wind Energy Conversi on 15 4.1 Power Characteri stic s of Several ............................... Hydraulic Dynamometers 40 4.2 Calculation of Power Number and ....................................... Relative Error 41 .............. 6.5 Details o f the Wind Rotor Test Facility 59 ............................ 6.6 Details of Test Equipment 60 .......................................... 6.7 Sample Data 62 LIST OF SYMBOLS Rotor swept area Damping term Weibul 1 scale parameter Specific heat of working fluid Power coef f i c i ent Vane depth Time derivative of fl ui d temperature Energy converter rotor diameter Wind rotor diameter Total system mass mment of inertia Weibul? shape parameter Empirical proportionality constant Torsional stiffness Mass of working fluid Speed ratio Power Theoretics; power in the wind Rotor radius Torque Wind speed Mean wind speed Work F? uid temperature change Angu? ar position
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