PERENNIAL VEGETABLES PERENNIAL VEGETABLES From Artichoke to ‘Zuiki’ Taro, a Gardener’s Guide to Over 100 Delicious, Easy-to-Grow Edibles Eric Toensmeier Chelsea Green Publishing White River Junction, Vermont Copyright ©2007 by Eric Toensmeier. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be transmitted or reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Illustrations ©2007 by Elayne Sears. Editor: Ben Watson Project Manager and Copy Editor: Collette Leonard Proofreader: Laura Jorstad Design: Robert Yerks, Sterling Hill Productions Design Assistant: Abrah Griggs, Sterling Hill Productions Printed in the United States First printing, May 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 08 09 10 11 12 Our Commitment to Green Publishing Chelsea Green sees publishing as a tool for cultural change and ecological sterwardship. We strive to align our book manufacturing practices with our editorial mission, and to reduce the impact of our business enterprise on the environment. We print our books and catalogs on chlorine-free recycled paper, using soy- based inks, whenever possible. Chelsea Green is a member of the Green Press Initiative (www.greenpressinitiative.org), a nonprofit coalition of publishers, manufacturers, and authors working to protect the world’s endangered forests and conserve natural resources. Perennial Vegetables was printed on 68-lb Renew Matte, a 20 percent post-consumerwaste recycled paper supplied by RR Donnelley–Willard, OH. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Toensmeier, Eric. Perennial vegetables : from artichoke to zuiki taro, a gardener’s guide to over 100 delicious, easy-to-grow edibles / by Eric Toensmeir [sic]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. eBook ISBN: 978-1-603581-38-7 1. Vegetables. 2. Vegetable gardening. 3. Perennials. I. Title. SB320.9.T64 2007 635—dc22 2006102256 Chelsea Green Publishing Company Post Office Box 428 White River Junction, Vermont 05001 (802) 295-6300 www.chelseagreen.com Contents Preface Part I: Gardening with Perennial Vegetables 1. A New Class of Food Plants 2. Design Ideas 3. Selecting Species 4. Techniques Part II: Species Profiles Using This Book Alismataceae: The Water-Plantain Family Arrowhead Alliaceae: The Onion Family Multiplier Onions Ramps Other Perennial Alliums Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family Sissoo Spinach Apiaceae: The Celery Family Arracacha Article: “Lost Crops of the Incas” Lovage Water Celery Skirret Araceae: The Aroid Family Edible Aroids (Taro, Belembe, Tannier) Article: Calcium Oxalate Araliaceae: The Spikenard Family Udo Asteraceae: The Aster Family Chicory and Dandelion Globe Artichoke Okinawa Spinach Sunchoke Article: Inulin Fuki Scorzonera Yacon Basellaceae: The Malabar Spinach Family Malabar Spinach Ulluco Brassicaceae: The Cabbage Family Perennial Brassicas (Cabbage, Kale, and Broccoli) Article: Pests and Diseases of the Brassica Family Turkish Rocket Sea Kale Sylvetta Arugula Watercress Cactaceae: The Cactus Family Nopale Cactus Cannaceae: The Canna Family Achira Caricaceae: The Papaya Family Papaya Chenopodiaceae: The Goosefoot Family Saltbush Article: Oxalic Acid Sea Beet Good King Henry Convolvulaceae: The Morning Glory Family Water Spinach Sweet Potato Cucurbitaceae: The Squash Family Perennial Cucumber Malabar Gourd Bitter Melon Chayote Article: Extending the Range of Chayote and Other Day- Length-Sensitive Plants Cyperaceae: The Sedge Family Chufa Water Chestnut Dioscoreaceae: The Yam Family Air Potato Article: Air Potato: An Ecological Conundrum? Yams Dryopteridaceae: The Wood-Fern Family Ostrich Fern Euphorbiaceae: The Spurge Family Chaya Bull Nettles Cassava Katuk Fabaceae: The Pea Family Groundnut Basul Hyacinth Bean Water Mimosa Perennial Beans Winged Bean Lamiaceae: The Mint Family Chinese Artichoke Liliaceae: The Lily Family Asparagus Yellow Asphodel Camass Daylily Giant Solomon’s Seal Malvaceae: The Mallow Family Edible Hibiscus Cranberry Hibiscus Musk Mallow Meliaceae: The Neem Family Fragrant Spring Tree Moraceae: The Mulberry Family Breadfruit Moringaceae: The Moringa Family Moringa Musaceae: The Banana Family Plantain and Green Banana Nelumbonaceae: The Lotus Family Water Lotus Oxalidaceae: The Wood-Sorrel Family Oca Phytolaccaceae: The Pokeweed Family Pokeweed Haitian Basket Vine Poaceae: The Grass Family Clumping Bamboos Running Bamboos Article: Rhizome Barriers for Aggressive Running Bamboos Pitpit Polygonaceae: The Smartweed Family Rhubarb Sorrel Solanaceae: The Nightshade Family Wolfberry Ground Cherry and Goldenberry Pepino Dulce Peppers, Tomatoes, Eggplants, and Potatoes Article: Pests and Diseases of the Nightshade Family
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