perencanaan dan perancangan hotel transit di kota bandar lampung

117 Pages·2015·8.55 MB·Indonesian

ABSTRAK
Airen O, Dhea “City Hotel di Bandar Lampung”

Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Sriwijaya
[email protected]

City Hotel di Bandar Lampung adalah sebuah Akomodasi yang disediakan
di Kota Bandar Lampung, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Wisatawan yang ingin
berwisata, berbisnis, dll. Kondisi kota Bandar Lampung yang terus berkembang
menimbulkan keterbatasan lahan, kepadatan bangunan menjadi permasalahan
untuk pembangunan hotel di Bandar Lampung, hal tersebut menyebabkan nilai
tanah meningkat dimana harga tanah untuk pembangunan hotel menjadi sangat
tinggi, dengan melihat kondisi tersebut dibutuhkan sebuah perencanaan
pembangunan yang komprehensif dan mempertimbangkan efisiensi secara
maksimal.
Dengan perkembangan Arsitektur di Indonesia terdapatlah sebuah solusi
untuk permasalahan diatas, yaitu sebuah metode pembangunan yang mempunyai
kelebihan cepatnya pembangunan, hemat lahan, dan punya keuntungan ekonomis,
Metode ini dinamakan Metode Prefabrikasi yaitu Metode yang dilaksanakan
dengan alat-alat khusus, lalu berbagai jenis material disatukan sehingga
membentuk sebuah bangunan, maka perencanaan dan perancangan City Hotel di
Bandar Lampung ini menggunakan Pendekatan perancangan Bangunan City
Hotel dengan Metode Prefabrikasi, desain bangunan ini pada struktur, ukuran
ruang kamar dan finishingnya menggunakan material yang prefabrikasi sesuai
dengan ukuran bahan yang sudah dibuat dipabrik, lalu bentuk bangunannya juga
mengikuti kriteria bangunan prefabrikasi yang sudah ada. Diharapkan dengan
metoda tersebut penulis dapat merencanakan sebuah hotel yang praktis dan
efisiensi sesuai dengan keterbatasan lahan yang terus terjadi
Kata Kunci : Bandar Lampung, City Hotel, Prefabrikasi
Menyetujui, Menyetujui,

Dosen Pembimbing 1 Dosen Pembimbing 2

Dr. Ir. H. Setyo Nugroho, M.Arch M. Fajri Romdhoni, ST, MT
NIP. 195605051986021001 NIP. 198107022005011003

Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sriwijaya

WientyTriyuly, ST, MT.
NIP. 197705282001122002
ABSTRACT
Airen O, Dhea “City Hotel In Bandar Lampung”

Department of Architecture at Sriwijaya University
[email protected]

City Hotel in Bandar Lampung is an accommodation provided in the city
of Bandar Lampung, to meet the needs of Travellers who want to travel, business,
etc. Conditions Bandar Lampung city's growing cause of limited land, building
density become a problem for the construction of hotels in Bandar Lampung, this
is causing land values to rise where the price of land for construction of the hotel
to be very high, with the condition that needed a plan of comprehensive
development and considers the maximum efficiency.
With the development of architecture in Indonesia there exists a solution
to the above problems, a method of construction that has the advantage of fast
development, saving land, and have economic advantage, This method is called
Prefabricated Method which method is carried out with special tools, and various
types of materials incorporated become a building, the planning and design of
City Hotel in Bandar Lampung using the approach the design of building City
with Prefabricated Method, the design of this building on the structure, the size of
the room space and finish using materials are prefabricated in accordance with
the size of the material that has been made in the plant, and shape of the building
also follows the criteria of existing prefabricated buildings. The method is
expected to be the author of a practical planning and efficiency in accordance
with the limited land continues
Keywords: Bandar Lampung, City Hotel, Prefabricated
Approvedby Approvedby
Suppervisor Suppervisor

D r. Ir. H. Setyo Nugroho, M.Arch M. Fajri Romdhoni, ST, MT
NIP. 195605051986021001 NIP. 198107022005011003

Acceptedby,
Chairwoman Of The Architectural
Engineering Sriwijaya University

WientyTriyuly, ST MT
NIP. 197705282001122002
KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Puji dan syukur kita panjatkan kehadiran Allah SWT yang telah
memberikan berkah dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
landasan konseptual perencanaan dan perancangan ini dengan judul “CITY
HOTEL DI BANDAR LAMPUNG”. Laporan ini dibuat demi memenuhi
tahapan Tugas Akhir yang juga merupakan salah satu syarat untuk dapat
menyelesaikan program studi S1 Arsitektur Universitas Sriwijaya.
Dalam kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Kedua
Orang Tua Penulis dan semua dosen yang telah meberikan masukan yang
membangun dan yang telah memberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan kepada
penulis, terutama dosen pembimbing pendamping Tugas Akhir yaitu Bapak
Dr.Ir.H.Setyo Nugroho M.Arch dan Bapak M.Fajri Romdhoni, ST, MT serta
teman-teman yang telah membantu serta memberi semangat dalam penyelesaian
skripsi ini.
Selama pembuatan Landasan Konseptual perencanaan dan perancangan ini
terdapat banyak kekurangan, oleh karena itu diharapkan sebuah saran, kritik dan
koreksi yang sifatnya membangun. Akhir kata penulis berharap semoga Landasan
Konseptual Perencanaan dan Perancangan ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Terima
kasih.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Palembang, Agustus 2015

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................... I
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................................... III
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................................... IV
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................... VII
DAFTAR BAGAN ........................................................................................................... IX
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................. X
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 LATAR BELAKANG .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 RUMUSAN MASALAH ............................................................................................... 3
1.3 TUJUAN DAN SASARAN ............................................................................................. 4
1.4 RUANG LINGKUP....................................................................................................... 4
1.5 METODE PENULISAN ................................................................................................. 4
1.6 SISTEMATKA PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 6
2. 1 TINJAUAN LITERATUR.............................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Definisi City Hotel ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Klasifikasi Hotel ................................................................................................ 7
2.1.2.2 Klasifikasi Hotel Berdasarkan persyaratan fungsional ............................ 13
2.1.2.3 Klasfikasi kelas kamar pada sebuah hotel ............................................... 15
2.2 TINJAUAN FUNGSIONAL .......................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Fungsional City Hotel di Bandar Lampung .................................................... 16
2.2.2 Kegiatan City Hotel Di Bandar Lampung ....................................................... 17
2.2.3 Pelaku Kegiatan .............................................................................................. 17
2.3 TINJAUAN KONTEKSTUAL ...................................................................................... 20
2.3.1 Tinjauan Umum Provinsi lampung ................................................................. 20
2.3.2 Letak geografis Provinsi lampung .................................................................. 21
2.3.4 Potensi Hotel di Kota Bandar Lampung ......................................................... 22
2.3.5 Tata Ruang Kota Bandar Lampung ................................................................ 23
2.3.6 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ............................................................................... 23
2.3.7 Potensi Lokasi Tanjung Karang Pusat ............................................................ 24
2.4 STUDI OBJEK SEJENIS ............................................................................................. 25
2.4.1 Aston Cengkareng City Hotel, Cengkareng-Jakarta Barat ............................. 25
2.4.1.1Klasifikasi Kamar Aston Cengkareng City Hotel ..................................... 25
2.4.1.2 Fasiltas Aston Cengkareng City Hotel ..................................................... 26
2.4.1.3 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 26
2.4.2 Ibis Jakarta Senen ........................................................................................... 26
2.4.2.1 Klasifikasi Kamar Ibis Hotel Jakarta ....................................................... 27
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2.4.2.2 Fasilitas Ibis Hotel Jakarta ....................................................................... 27
2.4.3 Hasil Pembelajaran Studi Objek Sejenis ......................................................... 27
2.4.4 Studi objek sejenis dengan pendekatan perancangan ..................................... 28
2.4.4.1 Tune Hotel Solo ....................................................................................... 28
2.4.4.2 Klasifikasi Bangunan Tune Hotel Solo .................................................... 29
2.4.4.3 Tune Hotel Palembang ............................................................................. 31
2.4.4.3.1 Klasifikasi Tunel Hotel Palembang ..................................................... 31
2.5 TNJAUAN STRUKTURAL .......................................................................................... 33
2.5.1 Modul Struktur Pada Perancangan Hotel ....................................................... 33
2.5.2 Metoda Pelaksanaan Konstruksi Bangunan ................................................... 33
2.6 TINJAUAN PREFABRIKASI ....................................................................................... 34
2.6.1 Sejarah Prefabrikasi ....................................................................................... 34
2.6.2 Konteks Arsitektur Prefabrikasi ...................................................................... 35
2.6.3 Pokok-Pokok Prefabrikasi .............................................................................. 40
2.7 TINJAUAN ARSITEKTURAL ...................................................................................... 50
2.7.1 Ciri Bangunan City Hotel ............................................................................... 50
2.7.2 Ciri Tertentu Bangunan Hotel yang Prefabrikasi ........................................... 50
BAB III PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN .................................................................. 51
3.1 DASAR PERACANGAN ............................................................................................. 51
3.1.1 Pokok-Pokok Prefabrikasi ............................................................................... 51
3.2 ELABORASI PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN ............................................................. 53
BAB IV ANALISA PERANCANGAN ........................................................................... 54
4.1 ANALISA FUNGSIONAL ........................................................................................... 54
4.1.1 Kapasitas Kamar Hotel dan Jumlah pengelola .............................................. 54
4.1.2 Analisa Kegiatan ............................................................................................. 59
4.2 ANALISA SPASIAL ................................................................................................... 62
4.2.1 Program Ruang ............................................................................................... 62
4.2.2 Analisa Besaran Ruang ................................................................................... 64
4.2.3 Analisa Hubungan Ruang ............................................................................... 70
4.2.3.1 Organisasi Ruang Kelompok Pengelola, Ruang Kelompok Bisnis dan
Ruang Kelompok Pelayanan ................................................................................ 70
4.2.3.2 Organisasi Ruang Kelompok Penginapan ................................................ 71
4.3 ANALISA KONTEKSTUAL ........................................................................................ 71
4.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................................ 71
4.3.2 Analisa Eksiting Tapak .................................................................................... 73
4.3.3 Analisa Regulasi Tapak ................................................................................... 74
4.3.4 Analisa Klimatologi ......................................................................................... 74
4.3.5 Analisa Pencapaian Tapak .............................................................................. 75
4.3.6 Analisa View .................................................................................................... 77
4.3.7 Analisa Kebisingan ......................................................................................... 78
4.4 ANALISA ARSITEKTURAL ....................................................................................... 79
4.4.1 Penzoningan Tapak ........................................................................................ 79
4.4.2 Analisa Gubahan Massa ................................................................................. 79
4.4.3 Analisa fasade Bangunan ................................................................................ 82
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4.5 ANALISA STRUKTURAL ........................................................................................... 83
4.5.1 Analisa Struktur Bawah (sub Structur) .......................................................... 83
4.5.2 Analisa Struktur Badan ( Middle Structure ) .................................................. 84
4.5.3 Analisa Struktur Atap ( Upper Structure ) ...................................................... 85
4.5.4 Modul Bangunan ............................................................................................. 86
4.6 ANALISA UTILITAS ................................................................................................. 87
4.6.1 Analisa Penghawaan ....................................................................................... 87
4.6.2 Pencahayaan ................................................................................................... 88
4.6.3 Sistem Proteksi Kebakaran ............................................................................. 89
4.6.4 Sistem Air Bersih ............................................................................................. 90
4.6.5 Sistem Air Kotor .............................................................................................. 90
BAB V KONSEP PERANCANGAN ............................................................................... 92
5.1 KONSEP DASAR PERANCANGAN ............................................................................. 92
5.2 KONSEP PERANCANGAN ......................................................................................... 94
5.2.1 Konsep Tapak .................................................................................................. 94
5.2.2 Konsep Sirkulasi .............................................................................................. 95
5.3 KONSEP ARSITEKTURAL ......................................................................................... 96
5.3.1 Konsep Gubahan Massa .................................................................................. 96
5.3.2 Konsep Zonasi Vertikal ................................................................................... 96
5.3.3 Konsep Fasade depan Bangunan .................................................................... 97
5.3.4 Konsep Perletakan Kamar Hotel .................................................................... 98
5.4 KONSEP STRUKTUR ................................................................................................. 99
5.5 KONSEP UTILITAS ................................................................................................. 100
5.5.1 Sistem Air Bersih ........................................................................................... 100
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................... 101
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................................... 102

vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Peta Provinsi Lampung............................................................................................... 20
Gambar 2. 2 Potensi Hotel di Bandar Lampung .............................................................................. 22
Gambar 2. 3 Potensi Hotel di Bandar Lampung .............................................................................. 23
Gambar 2. 4 Potensi Lokasi Tanjung Karang Pusat ........................................................................ 24
Gambar 2. 5 Jenis-jenis Kamar Hotel Aston Cengkareng City Hotel ............................................. 25
Gambar 2. 6 Fasilitas Aston Cengkareng city hotel ........................................................................ 26
Gambar 2. 7 Ibis Hotel jakarta ........................................................................................................ 27
Gambar 2. 8 Kamar pada Ibis Hotel Jakarta.................................................................................... 27
Gambar 2. 9 Gambar Perspektif Tune Hotel solo ........................................................................... 29
Gambar 2. 10 Denah Lantai dasar Tune Hotel solo ........................................................................ 29
Gambar 2. 11 Sistem Struktur Pada Bangunan Tune Hotel ............................................................ 30
Gambar 2. 12 Tampak dari arah timur tune hotel solo .................................................................... 30
Gambar 2. 13 Finishing dindin Tune Hotel Solo ............................................................................ 30
Gambar 2. 14 Perspektif Eksterior Tune Hotel Solo ....................................................................... 31
Gambar 2. 16 Tiga kriteria yang telah terbukti diperlukan untuk inovasi untuk berkembang dalam
konteks kolaboratif meliputi lingkungan, organisasi, dan teknologi ............................................... 36
Gambar 2. 17 Perlunya Organisasi pertukaran informasi dari arsitek, kontraktor, insinyur untuk
terbentuknya prefabrikasi ................................................................................................................ 39
Gambar 2. 18 Tiga sistem beban menolak lateral yang meliputi kiri: Rangka menguatkan; tengah:
Rangka kaku; dan kanan: dinding geser .......................................................................................... 42
Gambar 2. 19 Modular Grid dan Axial Grid ................................................................................... 49
Gambar 2. 20 Bangunan Tune Hotel ............................................................................................... 50

Gambar 3. 1 Modular Grid dan Axial Grid ..................................................................................... 52

Gambar 4. 1 Material Hollow core slab ......................................................................................... 64
vii
Gambar 4. 2 organisasi ruang kelompok pengelola ........................................................................ 70
Gambar 4. 3 organisasi ruang kelompok penginapan ...................................................................... 71
Gambar 4. 4 Analisa Eksisting Tapak ............................................................................................. 73
Gambar 4. 5 Analisa Klimatologi.................................................................................................... 74
Gambar 4. 6 Sintesa Analisa Klimatologi ....................................................................................... 75
Gambar 4. 7 Analisa Pencapaian Tapak .......................................................................................... 75
Gambar 4. 8 Sintesa Analisa Pencapaian Tapak ............................................................................. 76
Gambar 4. 9 Analisa View ............................................................................................................... 77
Gambar 4. 10 Sintesa Analisa View ................................................................................................ 77
Gambar 4. 11 Analisa Kebisingan ................................................................................................... 78
Gambar 4. 12 Sintesa Analisa kebisingan ....................................................................................... 78
Gambar 4. 13 Sintesa Analisa kebisingan ....................................................................................... 79
Gambar 4. 14 Analisa Gubahan Massa ........................................................................................... 80
Gambar 4. 15 Analisa Fasade Bangunan ......................................................................................... 82
Gambar 4. 16 Smoke Detecto, Heat Detector dan Gas Detector ..................................................... 89
Gambar 4. 17 Jenis Tabung Pemadam Kebakaran .......................................................................... 89
Gambar 4. 18 Macam-macam Hydrant ........................................................................................... 90
Gambar 4. 19 one Pipe Sistem ........................................................................................................ 91

Gambar 5. 1 Konsep Bentukan Bangunan Prefabrikasi .................................................................. 92
Gambar 5. 2 Konsep Tapak ............................................................................................................. 94
Gambar 5. 3 Konsep Sirkulasi Pada Tapak ..................................................................................... 95
Gambar 5. 4 Konsep Gubahan Massa ............................................................................................. 96
Gambar 5. 5 Konsep Zonasi Vertikal .............................................................................................. 96
Gambar 5. 6 Konsep Fasade Bangunan ........................................................................................... 97
Gambar 5. 7 Konsep Perletakan dan Orientasi Kamar Hotel .......................................................... 98
Gambar 5. 8 Konsep Struktur Bangunan City Hotel ....................................................................... 99
Gambar 5. 9 Konsep Sistem Air Bersih ........................................................................................ 100

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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2. 1 Struktur Organisasi Pada Sebuah Hotel ........................................................................ 18

Bagan 4. 1 Struktur Organisasi City Hotel ...................................................................................... 58
Bagan 4. 2 Struktur Kegiatan Pelaku City Hotel ............................................................................. 59

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Klasifikasi City Hotel Di Kota Bandar Lampung .......................................................... 12
Tabel 2. 2 Bentuk bedroom dan koridor .......................................................................................... 16
Tabel 2. 3 Hasil Kesimpulan Studi Objek Sejenis .......................................................................... 27

Tabel 3. 1 Perbandingan Material Prefabrikasi ............................................................................... 53

Tabel 4. 1 Jumlah pengunjung objek wisata dan yang meninap di Lampung ................................ 54
Tabel 4. 2 Rata-rata Lama Tamu menginap di Lampung ................................................................ 55
Tabel 4. 3 Jumlah pengelola City Hotel .......................................................................................... 58
Tabel 4. 4 Kebutuhan Fasilitas pada City Hotel .............................................................................. 60
Tabel 4. 5 Program Ruang pada City Hotel di Bandar Lampung .................................................... 63
Tabel 4. 6 Luasan Area parkir ......................................................................................................... 68
Tabel 4. 7 Total Keseluruhan Ruang ............................................................................................... 69
Tabel 4. 8 Pembobotan Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................................................ 72
Tabel 4. 9 Analisa Struktur Bawah ................................................................................................. 83
Tabel 4. 10 Perbandingan Struktur Kaku dan Struktur Fleksibel .................................................... 84
Tabel 4. 11Perbandingan HCS dan Half Slab ................................................................................ 85
Tabel 4. 12 spesifikasi Hollow Core Slab ....................................................................................... 86
x