Peoples of the past [exhibition] four educational posters including facts and activities about Native Americans in Illinois PDF
Preview Peoples of the past [exhibition] four educational posters including facts and activities about Native Americans in Illinois
Learning a 1573.3 I29pop C.3 ■ 1 Ml m Archaic Woodland Mississippian Historic 112 _ -1 C'l" tmi'. 1 Four Educational Posters Including Facts and Activities About Native Americans in Illinois UNIVERSrTY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 3 0112 12190468 Peoples of the Past STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Brent Manning, Director Four Educational Posters Including Facts and ILLINOIS Activities About Native Americans in Illinois by DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL Nina R. Walthall, ISM Assistant Curator of Education RESOURCES Dr. Michael D. Wiant, ISM Curator of Anthropology ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM Dr. Robert E. Warren, ISM Curator of Anthropology R. Bruce McMillan, Ph.D. Jessica L. White, ISM Monticello Intern in Museum Education Museum Director Introduction 125y ears Much of what we know about past life in Illinois comes from work done by O archaeologists. They study materials made by humans, called artifacts, and other ^ ILLINOIS • STATE ■ MUSEUM items left behind by people from the past. Many of these items, such as bones, stones, and plant remains, help tell a story about the people who once lived in this state. The Peoples of the Past exhibition, on which this packet is based, is the result of many years of research by Illinois State Museum and other archaeologists. ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM It highlights many of the changes in the lifestyles of Native Americans in Illinois BOARD OF DIREaORS over a period of four thousand years. Four life-size dioramas depict the changing Dr. George Rabb, Brookfield, Chair features of everyday life, such as the foods the Native Americans ate, the tools they Gerald W. Adelmann, Lockport, used to help sustain life, and the structures they built to use as homes. Vice Chair This educational packet allows one to learn about the lives of early Native R-Lou Barker, Springfield, Americans in Illinois by exploring the illustrations, the dioramas, and the Secretary Dr. James Ballowe, Ottawa challenges following the text. Jessica Jagielnik, Chicago • Following the explanatory text please note the section “Let’s Take a Look at Anthony J. Leone, Jr., the Picture.” This section encourages children to look closely at the dioramas Springfield to find particular details that are usually obvious. Mary Ann MacLean, Mettawa • The section “Use Your Imagination!” encourages them to imagine things that Peggy Ryder, Jerseyville Guerry Suggs, Springfield are not readily visible, in order to answer questions. Caren Trudeau, Springfield Children may enlist the help of an interested adult, such as a teacher, parent, or Brent Manning, Pawnee, grandparent, as they search for answers to these exciting mysteries. Most of all, Ex-officio everyone should have fun discovering Illinois’ past! Equal opportunity to participate in pro¬ grams of the Illinois Department of Natu¬ Acknowledgments ral Resources (IDNR) and those funded by The authors would like to thank the following people for their continued support and encouragement the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all individu¬ during the course of this project: als regardless of race, sex, national ori¬ gin, disability, age, religion or other non¬ Dr. Bonnie Styles, Amy J. Mitchell, Faye Andrashko, Gary Andrashko, and Beth Shea, of the merit factors. If you believe you have been Illinois State Museum discriminated against, contact the fund¬ ing source's civil rights office and/or the • Dr. Thomas E. Emerson and the following staff of the Illinois Transportation Archaeological Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, IDNR, One Natural Resources Way, Spring- Research Program: Linda Alexander, Dr. Andrew C. Fortier, Mike Lewis, Amy Maroso, Angela field, It 62702-1271: 217/785-0067; TTY Neller, and V. Alexander Vallese 217/782-9175. This information may be provided in an alternative format if re¬ • Barry Nehr of Artifex Studios & Design, LLC, for four of the illustrations in the Archaic and quired. Contact the IDNR Clearinghouse at 217/782-7498 for assistance. © Historic sections Printed by the Authority of • Teachers Catherine Hendrickson and Betty Kay, for review and consultation the State of Illinois on recycled paper with soy-based ink. —N.R.W. PRT3259261 2M 06/02 ISBN 0-89792-164-X Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois • Learning and Activity Books Series • 2002 The Archaic Period A Camp Along the Wabash River, 2500 B.C. Archaic people lived together in small camps. They made their camps near rivers and streams so they could have water and food. They also hunted and gathered their food from the forests. When the weather got colder, there was not as much food nearby. Then they would break into smaller groups and move to a different area to find more food. They moved often! The woman and the little girl are cooking mussels. They gathered them from the river. They will put the mussels onto leaves piled on top of hot rocks and steam them with water. Later they will open the shells, eat the mussel meat, and throw the shells onto the pile. These shells can k, be useful in many ways. Most of the people in this camp are finding food. Some women and girls are collecting mussels from the river. Some men have been hunting and fishing. The dogs might have helped with the hunting, but sometimes dogs were pets, just like today! Illinois State Museum Learning and Activity Books Series ©2002 The Archaic Period Technology Lifestyle Tools Houses The Archaic people used different materials from nature to make People o( this time usually built siin|)le houses using animal skins, their tools. They used stone to make many important tools. They wooden poles, branches, and other parts of plants. They used cattail shaped it into grooved axes for chopping trees. They used it leaves to make large mats to cover tht*ir houses, ddiese mats were easy Foods as a scraper to remove the fur from animal hides. They also to roll up and carry when the people had to move. 'I’hey had to move shaped stone into knives for cutting. The women used grinding stones uraper often to hunt for food. Sometimes Archaic peoi)le would live under a Archaic people in Illinois had very balanced diets to make flour or meal from nuts and seeds. large rock overhang. 'I'liat type of sheltm- protected them from the rain most of the time. As the seasons changed, the types and snow. of food they ate also changed. The search for food was The men also shaped stones into spearpoints and dart points for an important part of their day. They hunted for hunting. The Archaic people used a tool that gave the spear much Clothing animals such as deer, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, more power. It was called the atlatl, or spear- These people did not have many clothes and other belongings becau.se muskrat, and turkey. They fished in nearby rivers, thrower. This allowed the hunters to throw the they had to move often. When they left their campsite to find a new lakes, streams, and ponds. They also collected frogs, spears from a much greater distance. place to live, they did not want to carry many things. They did use turtles, and freshwater mussels. Many of the foods animal skins, furs, and plant fibers to make clothes. Because it was they ate came from wild plants. Seeds, berries, Animal bones, shells, antlers, copper, and wood were also used to hot in the summer, they did not wear many clothes. grapes, and pawpaws were gathered from the forests. make different tools. bone awl/needle Walnuts, pecans, hickory nuts, and acorns were an Archaic people sometimes wore beautiful important source of protein and fat. Sometimes they Containers jewelry. Mussel shells, carved animal bones, grew plants like squash and gourds. Archaic people used materials from nature Use Your Imagination! animal teeth, and stones would have been to make containers. They would use a dried What would they use to make a used to make pins, hairpins, and necklaces. Let's Take a Look at the Picture: gourd to scoop water digging tool to dig the hole? rdccoon Can you find five foodsf from the river. They Shells and sticks Transportation Mussels, Fish, Pawpaw fruit. Perries, Animals would weave plant fibers Archaic people walked most of the time! Some of them made dugout gourd dipper pawpaw fruit into baskets and bags. Can you think of four ways they could have canoes for travel on the water. Can you tell what the little girl and the woman Many times they would carve bowls of used gourds? are cooking in the heated pit?' wood. Archaic people even used animal For seeds (for food) Let's Take a Look at the Picture: Mussels mussel skins as containers. cups or dippers (for water and food) The woman and her little girl are cooking. /4s storage containers (for food) What did the woman use to make her skirt? Use Your Imagination! Let's Take a Look at /4s rattles or shakers (for music) Deerskin, or leather Find the man who caught the fish. Do you know the Picture: what he used to make his fish hook? Can you name two ways What do you think the little girl will gourd jar Use Your Imagination! Bone. He carved bone into the shape of a hook. these people caught fish? use to get a drink from the river? Why is the little girl not wearing any clothes? He could also fish with nets and traps. With nets (made from plant fibers) A gourd container or maybe a large mussel shell So she can stay cool With hooks (made from bone) bone fish hook How do you think they built a dugout canoe during this time? By burning, scraping, and shaping a huge log Peoples of the Past: Four Educational Posters Including Facts and Activities About Native Americans in Illinois Illinois State Museum Learning and Activity Books Series c2O02Hi.»onstAi*Mus«um The Archaic Period A Camp Along the Wabash River, 2500 B.c, Archaic people lived together in small camps. They made their camps near rivers and streams so they could have water and food. They also hunted and gathered their food from the forests. When the weather got colder, there was not as much food nearby. Then they would break into smaller groups and move to a different area to find more food. They moved often! The woman and the little girl are cooking mussels. They gathered them from the river. They will put the mussels onto leaves piled on top of hot rocks and steam them with water. Later they will open the shells, eat the mussel meat, and throw the shells onto the pile. These shells can be useful in many ways. Most of the people in this camp are finding food. Some women and girls are collecting mussels from the river. Some men have been hunting and fishing. The dogs might have helped with the hunting, but sometimes dogs were pets, just like today! Illinois State Museum Learning and Activity Books Series :2oo2iHino<»sut*MtiM«jm 1 573.3 29pop .3 The Middle Woodland Period A Village Along the Illinois River, 250 a.d. Middle Woodland Indians lived together in villages. They still hunted animals such as deer for food, and they ate a lot of fish. This man is showing the woman the fish he has caught. The men in the lake are trying to catch fish with a net. Some plants produce seeds we can eat. At first, people collected seeds from wild plants. Many years later, they planted some of the seeds and grew their own plants in gardens such as this near their homes. This woman is collecting seeds from a plant and putting them in her bag. She will take them to her home to eat now or store for later. Illinois State Museum Learning and Activity Books Series £2002 Illinois State Museum The Middle Woodland Period Technology Lifestyle Tools Later, the Woodland Houses Clothing These people continued to use stones, Indians in this area began Natural fibers were used to wc'ave cloth for bones, shells, and other materials from using the bow and arrow, their clothes. Animal hides and furs were Foods nature to make their tools. Some of the a hunting tool that was also used to help them stay warm in the tools were the same, but many were even more powerful than winter. Sometimes Middle Woodland Middle Woodland Indians ate many different kinds of food. They different from those of the Archaic the atlatl! They made Indians wore beautiful jewelry. They made collected seeds from the plants they grew in their gardens. Period, One example was that the axe stone points much smaller jewelry from tc-eth and claws from bears Sometimes they stored the seeds and used them for cooking later. was now made with no grooves. The than spearpoints to be and other animals. Some jewelry They used very creative ways to prepare and cook their food. Small seeds new name for this tool is celt. A very used with this new tool. was made from pc'arls from were prohahly ground and cooked in soups and stews. important new tool from this time was This made hunting much Illinois' Woodland people lived in wigwams. freshwater mussels. They the stone hoe. The Middle Woodland easier, since the hunter They would use poles made from the akso made jewelry from These people ate a lot of fish they caught in the lakes, streams, and rivers. They hunted Indians used the hoe to dig in the did not need to be as close trunks of young trees, branches, and mats marine shells and waterfowl such as ducks and akso ate turtles and freshwater mussels. ground for planting their gardens. to the animal. made from cattail leaves to build them. copper, which came First they would stick one end of the frcmi outside of Illinois. They also ate fruits and nuts. The nuts would he ground up, or they would sometimes he hoiled Containers pole in the ground. Then they would 'I’hey may have traded with in a pit or a pot. Native Americans continued to use natural materials such as wood, plant fiber, and animal hide bend the other end over and tic' it to other groups to get these items. Let's Take a Look at the Use Your Imagination! to make their containers. The biggest difference from the Archaic time was that they were now other poles in the ground. 'I’hey would Picture: Deer were hunted in the making pottery. The pottery was made from clay mixed with crushed rock. It was then made into weave leaves from the cattail plant Transportation What foods do you see that you nearby woods. shapes and hardened in a fire. Pottery containers made a very big difference in the way these together to make large mats, 'I'hese mats These Indians walked most of the time! think they atei Can you think of any people cooked and stored food. These clay jars were so strong that they could be put right into were then placed over the poles and tree <„i„i Tlu^y walked to hunt, collect plant foods, Fish other animals that the fire and used for cooking food! branches to make the outside of the hou.se. gather their firewood, and visit nearby Seeds from wild plants and miiiht also have been Inside, the wigwams had only one room. A villages. Sometimes they built canoes for plants that they firew hunted or trapped? Let's Take a Look at the Picture: Use Your Imagination! fireplace was sometimes built inside for travel on the rivers, streams, and lakes. What type of The woman is working hard to gather seeds heating and cooking in winter months. Rabbits Beavers container is the man from plants in her garden. Squirrels Raccoons using for the fish? What tool do you think she used to dig Let's Take a Look at the Picture: Use Your Imagination! Opossu m s Tu rkeys A basket the holes when she planted the garden? What do you think this woman used to Clothes made of plant fibers and animal Can you think of some ways the people may What is the basket A stone hoe make her skirt? hides do not last as long as items made of have cooked their food? made of? Where do you think these Indians got Plant fibers stone, hone, or clay. Wooden splints make from willow basket with fish the clay to make the pottery? What do you think her armbands are Where do we get our clues about In clay pots placed i n the fire In pits dug in the ground Name two ways you can see pottery They dug it from the banks of the rivers, streams, and lakes. made of? the dress, Jewelry, and hairstyles being used in the Animal hide of people who lived this long ago? Roasted over open fires village. Try to think of some designs the Middle What did she use to decorate her Sometimes archaeologists find clay figurines from Smoked over hot coals To store water Woodland Indians might have used to armbands? this time period. The figurines give important To cook right in the fire! decorate their pottery bowls and jars. /Var/fi from freshwater mussels information about the way these people dressed They drew circles, half-moons, triangles, birds, and other and wore their hair. cooking vessel shapes in the soft clay. Peoples of the Past: Four Educational Posters Including Facts and Activities About Native Americans in Illinois Illinois State Museum Learning and Activity Books Series iiitrMMi $t«t* mimmim 1573.3 l29pop The Middle Woodland Period A Village Along the Illinois River, a.d. 250 Middle Woodland Indians lived together in villages. They still hunted animals such as deer for food, and they ate a lot of fish. This man is showing the woman the fish he has caught. The men in the lake are trying to catch fish with a net. Some plants produce seeds we can eat. At first, people collected seeds from wild plants. Many years later, they planted some of the seeds and grew their own plants in gardens such as this near their homes. This woman is collecting seeds from a plant and putting them in her bag. She will take them to her home to eat now or store for later. Illinois State Museum Learning and Activity Books Series Peop\ei
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