People and work in Canada: industrial and organizational psychology PDF
Preview People and work in Canada: industrial and organizational psychology
People and Work in Canada Industrial and Organizational Psychology Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. People and Work in Canada Industrial and Organizational Psychology E. Kevin Kelloway SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY Victor M. Catano SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY Arla L. Day SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. People and Work in Canada: Industrial and Organizational Psychology by E. Kevin Kelloway, Victor M. Catano, and Arla L. Day Vice President, Content Production Manager: Managing Designer: Editorial Director: Christine Gilbert Franca Amore Evelyn Veitch Production Service: Interior Design: Editor-in-Chief, MPS Limited, a Macmillan Eugene Lo Higher Education: Company Cover Design: Anne Williams Copy Editor: Sharon Lucas Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kelli Howey Cover Image: Lenore Taylor-Atkins Proofreader: Lars Thulin/Getty Images Marketing Manager: Barbara Storey Compositor: Ann Byford Indexer: MPS Limited, a Macmillan C ompany Senior Developmental Editor: David Luljak Printer: Sandy Matos Manufacturing Manager—Higher Edwards Brothers Photo Researcher: Education Jessie Coffey Joanne McNeil Permissions Coordinator: Design Director: Jessie Coffey Ken Phipps COPYRIGHT © 2011 by Nelson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of Library and Archives Canada Education Ltd. this work covered by the copyright Cataloguing in Publication herein may be reproduced, Printed and bound in the United Kelloway, E. Kevin (Edward Kevin), transcribed, or used in any form or States of America 1959- by any means—graphic, electronic, 1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10 or mechanical, including People and work in Canada : For more information contact photocopying, recording, taping, industrial and organizational Nelson Education Ltd., Web distribution, or information psychology / E. Kevin Kelloway, 1120 Birchmount Road, Toronto, storage and retrieval systems— Victor M. Catano, Arla L. Day. Ontario, M1K 5G4. Or you can visit without the written permission of our Internet site at the publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. http://www.nelson.com For permission to use material ISBN 978-0-17-650181-5 Statistics Canada information is used from this text or product, submit with the permission of Statistics all requests online at 1. Psychology, Industrial— Canada. Users are forbidden to www.cengage.com/permissions. Canada—Textbooks. copy this material and/or modified Further questions about 2. Organizational behavior— form, for commercial purposes, permissions can be emailed to Canada—Textbooks. I. Catano, without the expressed permissions [email protected] Victor M. (Victor Michael), 1944– II. Day, Arla L. (Arla Lauree), of Statistics Canada. Information on Every effort has been made to 1968– III. Title. the availability of the wide range of trace ownership of all copyrighted data from Statistics Canada can be material and to secure permission HF5548.8.K39 2010 158.7 obtained from Statistics Canada's from copyright holders. In the C2010-904693-5 Regional Offices, its World Wide event of any question arising as Web site at <http://www.statcan.ca>, ISBN-10: 0-17-650181-9 to the use of any material, we will and its toll-free access number ISBN-13: 978-0-17-650181-5 be pleased to make the necessary 1-800-263-1136. corrections in future printings. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Brief Contents About the Authors xvii Preface xx Chapter 1: Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology 1 Chapter 2: Scientific Methods 23 Chapter 3: Job Analysis and Competency Models 59 Chapter 4: Recruitment, Selection, and Decision Making 91 Chapter 5: Performance Management 149 Chapter 6: Training 183 Chapter 7: Groups and Teams in Organizations 205 Chapter 8: Job and Organizational Attitudes, Affect, and Behaviours 227 Chapter 9: Motivation 253 Chapter 10: Leadership 275 Chapter 11: Counterproductive Work Behaviour 297 Chapter 12: Occupational Health Psychology 327 Chapter 13: Unionization 367 Chapter 14: Positive Organizational Psychology 391 References 413 Name Index 458 Subject Index 465 N EL v Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents About the Authors xvii Preface xx Chapter 1 Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology 1 Introduction: History and Development of I/O Psychology 1 The Definition of I/O Psychology 2 The Scientist-Practitioner Perspective 3 Training in I/O Psychology 4 The History of I/O Psychology 6 I/O-eh? Canadian I/O Psychology 10 The Development of CSIOP 12 I/O Psychology in Quebec 13 The Contribution of Canadian I/O Psychologists 15 Current and Projected Trends Influencing I/O Psychology 15 Technology and the Changing Nature of Work 16 Boom, Bust, and Echo 16 Diversity and Multiculturalism 17 Summary 18 Key Terms 18 Web Links 19 Discussion Questions 19 Using the Internet 19 Exercises 20 Case 20 Chapter 2 Scientific Methods 23 Different Ways of Knowing 23 Non-Scientific Methods 24 Scientific Knowledge 25 The Scientific Approach 27 Statement of the Problem 27 Hypothesis 27 Reasoning and Deduction 27 Observation/Test/Experiment 27 The Nature of Measurement 32 Measuring Individual Differences 32 Methods of Measurement 33 The Nature of Observed Scores 34 Correlation and Regression 34 vi NEL Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Reliability 39 Interpreting Reliability Coefficients 40 Factors Affecting Reliability 41 Methods of Estimating Reliability 41 Validity 43 Validation Strategies 44 Factors Affecting Validity Coefficients 48 Bias and Fairness 49 Bias 49 Fairness 50 An Introduction to Ethical Issues 51 Research in Organizational Settings 53 Need for New Measures 53 Participant Burnout 53 Employee Mistrust 53 Overreliance on Correlational Methods 54 What We Can Learn from Others 54 Demonstrating Value 54 Summary 54 Key Terms 55 Web Links 55 Discussion Questions 55 Using the Internet 56 Exercises 58 Case 58 Chapter 3 Job Analysis and Competency Models 59 Job Analysis 59 What Is Job Analysis? 61 Job Analysis and the Law 63 Work- and Worker-Oriented Job Analysis 65 Getting Started: Gathering Job-Related Information 65 Job Analysis Methods 66 Choosing a Job Analysis Method 76 The Role of Competencies in Recruitment and Selection 78 What Is a Competency? 79 Competency Framework or “Architecture” 79 Competency Categories 80 Competency Dictionaries 81 Competency Modelling versus Job Analysis 82 A Generic Competency Framework 83 N EL Contents vii Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Summary 85 Key Terms 86 Web Links 86 Discussion Questions 87 Using the Internet 87 Exercises 88 Case 88 Chapter 4 Recruitment, Selection, and Decision Making 91 External Factors 92 Labour Markets and Recruiting 92 The Legal Environment 93 Internal Factors 95 Human Resources Planning 95 Recruitment 97 Accurate Expectations 98 Realistic Job Previews 99 Employment Equity 100 Selection 100 Selection I: Applicant Screening 102 Recruitment, Screening, and Selection 103 Screening Methods 103 Application Blanks or Forms 106 Weighted Application Blanks (WABs) 107 Biographical Data 107 Résumés 108 Screening Interviews 110 Reference Checks 112 Work Experience 112 Selection II: Employment Testing 113 Ability Tests 113 Personality Tests 118 The “Big Five” Dimensions 119 Integrity or Honesty Testing 120 Faking and Social Desirability 121 Interviews 122 The Situational Interview 124 The Behaviour Description Interview 124 Work Samples and Simulation Tests 126 Situational Exercises 127 Assessment Centres 129 viii Contents NEL Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Physical Fitness and Medical Examinations 130 Drug and Alcohol Testing 131 Use of Selection Predictors in Canada 131 Decision Making 132 Decision-Making Models 135 Utility Analysis 136 Summary 139 Key Terms 140 Web Links 141 Discussion Questions 143 Using the Internet 144 Exercises 145 Case 1 146 Case 2 147 Chapter 5 Performance Management 149 Defining Job Performance 150 Measuring Performance 151 Effective Performance Measures 152 Relevancy, Deficiency, and Contamination 152 Reliability 153 Practicality 154 Developing Criterion Measures 154 Multiple, Global, or Composite Criteria 154 Consistency of Job Performance 155 Job Performance Criteria and Performance Appraisal 156 Performance Appraisals 156 Objective Measures: Production, Sales, and Personnel Data 157 Subjective Measures: Rating Systems 159 Relative Rating Systems 160 Absolute Rating Systems 161 Perceived Fairness and Satisfaction of Rating Systems 166 Rating Errors 166 Reducing Rating Errors 168 Improving Ratings through Training and Accountability 168 Rater Training 168 Rater Accountability 169 Who Does the Rating? 170 Supervisor Ratings 170 Peer Ratings 170 Subordinate Ratings 170 N EL Contents ix Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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