Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management PDF
Preview Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management
Edited by Prasad P. Godbole Martin A. Koyle Duncan T. Wilcox Surgical Complications and Management Pediatric Urology Surgical Complications and Management About the companion website This book is accompanied by a companion website: www.wiley.com/go/wilcox/pediatric The website includes: ● Figures and tables from the book ● Supplementary videos Pediatric Urology Surgical Complications and Management EDITED BY Prasad P. Godbole, FRCS, FRCS(Paeds), FEAPU Clinical Director Division of Surgery and Critical Care; Consultant Paediatric Urologist Sheffi eld Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Sheffi eld, UK Martin A. Koyle, MD, FAAP, FACS, FRCS(Eng), FRCSC Professor of Surgery University of Toronto; Division Head, Paediatric Urology Women’s Auxiliary Chair in Urology and Regenerative Medicine The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada Duncan T. Wilcox, MBBS, MD, FEAPU Ponzio Family Chair in Pediatric Urology; Professor and Chair Department of Pediatric Urology Children’s Hospital Colorado Aurora, CO, USA SECOND EDITION This edition fi rst published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pediatric urology (Godbole) Pediatric urology: surgical complications and management / edited by Prasad P. Godbole, Martin A. Koyle, Duncan T. Wilcox. — Second edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-47331-3 (cloth) I. Godbole, Prasad P., editor. II. Koyle, Martin A., editor. III. Wilcox, Duncan T., editor. IV. Title. [DNLM: 1. Urologic Diseases – surgery. 2. Urologic Surgical Procedures – adverse effects. 3. Child. 4. Female Urogenital Diseases – surgery. 5. Infant. 6. Intraoperative Complications – prevention & control. 7. Male Urogenital Diseases – surgery. 8. Postoperative Complications – prevention & control. WS 320] RJ466 618.92’6—dc23 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover images: © Christine Glade; © monkeybusinessimages Set in Meridien LT Std 8.5/11.95 pt by Aptara 1 2013 Contents Contributors, vii 11 Ureteral surgery: ureteroureterostomy and transureteroureterostomy, 96 Preface, xii Joseph M. Gleason, Job K. Chacko and Martin A. Koyle Part I Principles of Surgical Audit Part IV Surgery of the Bladder 1 How to set up prospective surgical audit, 3 Andrew Sinclair and Ben Bridgewater 12 Complications: epispadias and bladder 2 Evaluating personal surgical audit and what to do exstrophy, 107 if your results are not “as expected”, 9 Ardavan Akhavan, Ahmad Elderwy and Andrew Sinclair and Ben Bridgewater Richard Grady 3 A critical assessment of surgical outcomes, 14 13 Umbilical and urachal anomalies, 116 Paul Merguerian Paul F. Austin 4 Implications of a poor surgical outcome, 28 Robert Wheeler Part V Endoscopic Surgery of the Urinary Tract Part II General Principles 14 Cystoscopy and cystoscopic interventions, 125 Divyesh Y. Desai and Neil C. Featherstone 5 Endocrine and metabolic response to surgery and its management, 37 15 Interventional procedures of the genitourinary Maurizio Pacilli and Ian E. Willetts tract, 138 Dimitri A. Parra 6 Perioperative anesthetic and analgesic risks and complications, 48 16 Minimally invasive interventions for stone Mark Thomas, Philippa Evans and Finn Nesbitt disease, 147 Naima Smeulders and Shabnam Undre Part III Open Surgery of the Upper 17 General laparoscopy, 161 Urinary Tract Chris Kimber and Nathalie Webb 18 Complications of laparoscopic surgery of the upper 7 Nephrectomy, 63 urinary tract, 167 Kathryn Evans and Mark Woodward Walid A. Farhat and Elias Wehbi 8 Partial nephrectomy, 69 19 Complications of laparoscopic surgery of the lower Jonathan S. Ellison and John M. Park urinary tract, 177 Paul H. Noh 9 Ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 76 Amy Hou and Jenny H. Yiee 20 Complications of robotic surgery of the urinary tract, 182 10 Complications of antirefl ux surgery, 87 Kelly A. Swords and Craig A. Peters Angela M. Arlen, Anthony A. Caldamone and Andrew J. Kirsch v vi Contents Part VI Genitalia Part VIII Urogenital Tumors 21 Hernia and hydrocele repair, 193 33 Wilms tumor and other renal tumors, 325 Henrik Steinbrecher and Marie-Klaire Farrugia Mark Tyson and Michael Ritchey 22 Orchidopexy and orchidectomy, 200 34 Rhabdomyosarcoma and related pelvic tumors of Kim A. R. Hutton and Ahmed A. Darwish the genitourinary tract, 332 Miriam Harel and Fernando Ferrer 23 Laparoscopic orchidopexy, 216 Janelle A. Fox, Steven G. Docimo and Michael C. Ost 35 Testicular tumors, 341 Lynn L. Woo and Jonathan H. Ross 24 Varicocele, 234 Ramnath Subramaniam 25 Complications of newborn circumcision: Part IX Trauma prevention, diagnosis and treatment, 245 Andrew L. Freedman and Richard S. Hurwitz 36 Genital trauma, 355 26 Surgical complications of hypospadias and their David J. Chalmers and Vijaya M. Vemulakonda management, 259 37 Urinary tract trauma, 364 Warren T. Snodgrass and Nicol C. Bush W. Robert DeFoor Jr, Ashok Rijhwani and 27 Phalloplasty for the biological male, 270 Eugene Minevich Piet Hoebeke, Nicolaas Lumen and Stan Monstrey 28 Complications of female genital surgery and Part X Surgery for Urinary Incontinence disorders of sex development I, 281 Lina Michala and Sarah M. Creighton 38 Augmentation cystoplasty and diversion, 377 29 Complications of female genital surgery and Blake W. Palmer and Bradley P. Kropp disorders of sex development II, 288 Joao L. Pippi Salle and Rodrigo L. P. Romao 39 Appendicovesicostomy and ileovesicostomy, 384 Martin Kaefer 30 Persistent cloaca, 298 Stephanie A. Warne 40 Surgery for fecal incontinence, 398 Elizabeth Malm-Buatsi and Dominic Frimberger 41 Surgical problems in transitional care, 404 Part VII Renal Impairment Surgery Dan Wood 31 Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, 307 Index, 413 Alun Williams 32 Kidney transplantation, 315 Alun Williams Contributors Ardavan Akhavan, MD Sarah M. Creighton, MD, FRCOG Assistant Professor of Pediatric Urology Consultant Gynaecologist Director of Pediatric Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery University College London Hospital James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute London, UK Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, MD, USA Ahmed A. Darwish, MD, MS, FRCS, FEBPS Lecturer in Paediatric Surgery Angela M. Arlen, MD Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Fellow Senior Clinical Fellow Emory University School of Medicine; Pediatric Surgery and Urology Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK Atlanta, GA, USA W. Robert DeFoor Jr, MD, MPH, FAAP Paul F. Austin, MD, FAAP Director, Clinical Research Director of Pediatric Urology Research Co‐Director, Pediatric Urology Fellowship Program Associate Professor of Urologic Surgery Division of Pediatric Urology St Louis Children’s Hospital Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Washington University School of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA St Louis, MO, USA Divyesh Y. Desai, MB MS, MCh(Urol), FEAPU Ben Bridgewater, MBBS, PhD, FRCS(CTh) Paediatric Urologist and Director Consultant Cardiac Surgeon Urodynamics Unit Clinical Director and Director of Clinical Audit Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust Trust Manchester, UK London, UK Nicol C. Bush, MD, MSc Steven G. Docimo, MD Pediatric Urology Section Chief Medical Offi cer Children’s Medical Center and University of Texas Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Southwestern Medical Center Vice President for Children’s Subspecialty Services Dallas, TX, USA UPMC Physician Services Division; Professor of Pediatric Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Anthony A. Caldamone, MD Pittsburgh, PA, USA Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics Alpert Medical School of Brown University Hasbro Children’s Hospital Ahmad Elderwy, MD Providence, RI, USA Assistant Professor Pediatric Urology Unit Job K. Chacko, MD Assiut Urology and Nephrology Hospital Faculty of Medicine Clinical Pediatric Urologist Assiut University Rocky Mountain Pediatric Urology Assiut, Egypt Denver, CO, USA David J. Chalmers, MD Jonathan S. Ellison, MD Pediatric Urology Fellow Fellow, Department of Urology Children’s Hospital Colorado University of Michigan Health System and Medical School Aurora, CO, USA Ann Arbor, MI, USA vii viii Contributors Kathryn Evans, FRCS(Paed Surg) Dominic Frimberger, MD Consultant Paediatric Urologist Professor of Urology St George’s Hospital Pediatric Urology London, UK The Children’s Hospital of Oklahoma Oklahoma City, OK, USA Philippa Evans, BA, MBBS, MRCP, FRCA Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist Joseph M. Gleason, MD Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Assistant Professor of Urology NHS Foundation Trust University of Tennessee Health Science Center; London, UK Pediatric Urologist Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, TN, USA Walid A. Farhat, MD, FRCS(C), FAAP Associate Professor Paediatric Urology Prasad P. Godbole, FRCS, FRCS(Paeds), FEAPU The Hospital for Sick Children Clinical Director Toronto, ON, Canada Division of Surgery and Critical Care; Consultant Paediatric Urologist Sheffi eld Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Marie‐Klaire Farrugia, MD, MD(Res), Sheffi eld, UK FRCSEd(Paed Surg) Consultant Paediatric Urologist Richard Grady, MD Department of Paediatric Surgery Professor of Urology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital University of Washington School of Medicine London, UK Division of Pediatric Urology Seattle Children’s Hospital Neil C. Featherstone, MBChB, BSc, PhD, Seattle, WA, USA FRCS(Paed Surg) Specialist Registrar Paediatric Urology Miriam Harel, MD London Deanery Training Fellow in Paediatric Urology Pediatric Urology Fellow Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Trust University of Connecticut School of Medicine London, UK Hartford, CT, USA Fernando Ferrer, MD, FAAP, FACS Piet Hoebeke, MD, PhD Vice Chairman, Department of Surgery Head, Department of Urology Associate Professor Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics Section of Pediatric Urology and Urogenital Reconstruction (Oncology) Ghent University Hospital University of Connecticut School of Medicine; Gent, Belgium Executive Vice President, Medical Affairs Surgeon‐in‐Chief and Director Division of Pediatric Urology Amy Hou, MD Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Fellow, Pediatric Urology University of Connecticut School of Medicine Children’s Hospital Colorado Hartford, CT, USA Aurora, CO, USA Janelle A. Fox, MD Richard S. Hurwitz, MD, FAAP Fellow, Pediatric Urology Pediatric Urologist University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Urology Pittsburgh, PA, USA Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA Andrew L. Freedman, MD, FAAP Director, Pediatric Urology Kim A. R. Hutton, MBChB, Vice Chairman for Pediatric Surgical Services FRCS(Paeds), ChM Department of Surgery Consultant Paediatric Surgeon and Urologist Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center University Hospital of Wales Los Angeles, CA, USA Cardiff, UK
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