Pediatric Primary Care: Ill-Child Care

384 Pages·2001·1.852 MB·English

by  Raymond C. Baker MD

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PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE
Ill-Child Care
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PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE
Ill-Child Care
Editor
Raymond C. Baker, M.D.
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Associate Director, Division of General and Community Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Acquisitions Editor:Timothy Y. Hiscock
Developmental Editor:Julia Seto
Production Editor:Christiana Sahl
Manufacturing Manager:Benjamin Rivera
Cover Designer:Jeane Norton
Compositor:Circle Graphics
Printer:R.R. Donnelley/Crawfordsville
© 2001 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
530 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA
LWW.com
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of
this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system
without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief
quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing
in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S.
government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright.
Printed in the USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pediatric primary care : ill-child care / edited by Raymond C. Baker
p. ; cm. — (Core handbooks in pediatrics)
Companion v. to: Handbook of pediatric primary care / edited by
Raymond C. Baker. © 1996.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7817-2890-8
1. Pediatrics—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Primary care (Medicine)—
Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title: Ill-child care. II. Baker, Raymond C.
III. Handbook of Pediatric primary care. IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Pediatrics—Handbooks. 2. Primary Health Care—
Handbooks. WS 39 P3718 2001] RJ48 .P427 2001
618.92—dc21
00-045097
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented
and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editor,
and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any
consequences from application of the information in this book and make no
warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness,
or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information
in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the
practitioner.
The authors, editor, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that
drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current
recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of
ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow
of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is
urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications
and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly
important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed
drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted
research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to
ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their
clinical practice.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To my mother, Ruth Abigail Baker,
who taught me that learning is a lifelong process
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Contents
Contributing Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
I. Introduction
1. The Effects of Illness and Hospitalization on Infants
and Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Janet R. Schultz and Raymond C. Baker
2. The Problem Visit: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Raymond C. Baker
II. Dermatologic Disorders
3. Atopic Dermatitis and Diaper Dermatitis . . . . . . . . 15
Raymond C. Baker
4. Acne Vulgaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Raymond C. Baker
5. Impetigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Raymond C. Baker
6. Lice and Scabies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Raymond C. Baker
7. Cutaneous Dermatophytic Infections: Tinea Capitis,
Tinea Corporis, Tinea Pedis, and Tinea Cruris . . . . 30
Christine L. McHenry
8. Acute, Febrile Exanthems of Childhood . . . . . . . . . . 33
Raymond C. Baker
III. Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose, and Throat Disorders
9. Acute Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Raymond C. Baker
10. Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Sinusitis . . . . . . . . . . 50
Christine L. McHenry
11. Conjunctivitis and Hordeolum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Raymond C. Baker
vii
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viii Contents
12. Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Paul S. Bellet
13. Common Oral Conditions in Infants
and Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
James F. Steiner
14. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
(the Common Cold) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Paul S. Bellet
IV. Cardiorespiratory Disorders
15. Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Christine L. McHenry
16. Bronchiolitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Robert M. Siegel
17. Cardiac Murmurs: Functional and Pathologic . . . . 77
Thomas R. Kimball
18. Croup: Acute Viral Laryngotracheobronchitis . . . . . 95
Raymond C. Baker
19. Community-Acquired Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Raymond C. Baker
20. Pertussis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Raymond C. Baker
V. Gastrointestinal Disorders
21. Acute Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Omer G. Berger
22. Acute Gastroenteritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Raymond C. Baker
23. Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Michael K. Farrell
24. Encopresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Raymond C. Baker
25. Common Intestinal Parasites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Omer G. Berger
26. Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Omer G. Berger
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Contents ix
27. Hyperbilirubinemia in the Term Infant . . . . . . . . . . 131
Christine L. McHenry
28. Infantile Colic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Raymond C. Baker
VI. Genitourinary Disorders
29. Prepubertal Vaginitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Julie A. Jaskiewicz
30. Primary Nocturnal Enuresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Raymond C. Baker
31. Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Robert M. Siegel
32. Urinary Tract Infections in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Robert M. Siegel
VII. Endocrine/Growth Disorders
33. Assessment of Variations of Pubertal
Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Anita Cavallo
34. Assessment of Abnormal Linear Growth . . . . . . . . . 176
Anita Cavallo
35. Failure to Thrive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Julie A. Jaskiewicz
36. Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Julie A. Jaskiewicz
37. Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Nancy J. Morwessel
VIII. Hematologic Disorders
38. Iron Deficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Omer G. Berger
39. Lead Poisoning: Screening and Management . . . . . 223
Omer G. Berger
40. Sickle Cell Disease Episodes and Infections . . . . . . 226
Paul S. Bellet
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x Contents
IX. Neurologic Disorders
41. The Evaluation and Management of Headaches
in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
David N. Franz
42. Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Omer G. Berger
43. Febrile Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Julie A. Jaskiewicz
44. Vision and Strabismus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Omer G. Berger
X. Musculoskeletal Disorders
45. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Raymond C. Baker
46. Genu Varum and Genu Valgum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Raymond C. Baker
47. Evaluation of the Patient with Intoeing . . . . . . . . . 263
Raymond C. Baker
XI. Miscellaneous Topics
48. Antibiotic Selection and Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Raymond C. Baker
49. The Evaluation of Fever in Infancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Sherman J. Alter
50. Management of Infants with Perinatal
HIV Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Raymond C. Baker
51. Physical Abuse of Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Robert A. Shapiro and Amy L. Baxter
52. Sexual Abuse of Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Robert A. Shapiro and Amy L. Baxter
53. Symptomatic Therapy of Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Raymond C. Baker