Pediatric Neurosurgery (Neurosurgery by Example)

313 Pages·2019·31.216 MB·English

by  Nathan Selden, Lissa Baird

Pediatric Neurosurgery
ii
NEUROSURGERY BY EXAMPLE
Key Cases and Fundamental Principles
Series edited by: Nathan R. Selden, MD, PhD
Volume 1: Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Wilson & Yang
Volume 2: Surgical Neuro- Oncology, Lonser & Elder
Volume 3: Spinal Neurosurgery, Harrop & Maulucci
Volume 4: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Selden & Baird
Pediatric Neurosurgery
Edited by
Nathan R. Selden, MD, PhD
Campagna Professor and Chair
Department of Neurological Surgery
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, OR
Lissa C. Baird, MD
Associate Professor and Head
Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery
Department of Neurological Surgery
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, OR
1
iv
1
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers
the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education
by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University
Press in the UK and certain other countries.
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
© Oxford University Press 2019
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction
rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above.
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Selden, Nathan R., editor. | Baird, Lissa C., editor.
Title: Pediatric neurosurgery / edited by Nathan R. Selden, Lissa C. Baird.
Other titles: Pediatric neurosurgery (Selden)
Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018040447 | ISBN 9780190617073 (paperback)
Subjects: | MESH: Central Nervous System Diseases— surgery | Child | Infant |
Neurosurgical Procedures | Nervous System Malformations— surgery | Glioma— surgery | Case Reports
Classification: LCC RD593 | NLM WS 340.5 | DDC 617.4/8 0083— dc23
LC record available at https:// lccn.loc.gov/ 2018040447
This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical or other
professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly dependent on the
individual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to offer accurate information with respect to
the subject matter covered and to be current as of the time it was written, research and knowledge about
medical and health issues is constantly evolving and dose schedules for medications are being revised continually,
with new side effects recognized and accounted for regularly. Readers must therefore always check the product
information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets
provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulation. The publisher and
the authors make no representations or warranties to readers, express or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of this material. Without limiting the foregoing, the publisher and the authors make no
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or efficacy of the drug dosages mentioned in the material.
The authors and the publisher do not accept, and expressly disclaim, any responsibility for any liability, loss
or risk that may be claimed or incurred as a consequence of the use and/or application of any of the
contents of this material.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America
Contents
Preface vii
Contributors ix
1. Communicating Hydrocephalus 1
Rowland Han and David D. Limbrick, Jr.
2. Obstructive Hydrocephalus 11
Lissa C. Baird
3. Prematurity and Intraventricular Hemorrhage 19
Catherine A. Mazzola and Tatiana Huk Sikorskyj
4. Spinal Cord Tethering 31
Nathan R. Selden
5. Lipomyelomeningocele 41
Christina Sayama
6. Spinal Dermal Sinus Tract 47
Nathan R. Selden
7. Chiari Malformation with Syringomyelia 57
Yiping Li and Bermans J. Iskandar
8. Myelomeningocele 65
Lissa C. Baird
9. Sagittal Synostosis 73
Mark Proctor and Ali Hazama
10. Unicoronal Synostosis 83
Amy Lee and Richard G. Ellenbogen
11. Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury 93
Beth A. Costine- Bartell and Ann- Christine Duhaime
12. Traumatic Atlanto- Axial Dislocation 101
Douglas Brockmeyer
13. Spastic Quadriplegia 109
David Harter
14. Extratemporal Refractory Epilepsy 117
Vamsidhar Chavakula, Eun- Hyoung Park, and Joseph R. Madsen
v
vi
Contents
15. Hemispheric Refractory Epilepsy 127
Brian J. Dlouhy and Matthew D. Smyth
16. Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation 141
Edward Smith
17. Moyamoya Disease 149
Edward Smith
18. Vein of Galen Malformation 157
Lissa C. Baird
19. Pineal Tumor 165
Tadanori Tomita
20. Medulloblastoma 177
Amy K. Bruzek, Shawn L. Hervey- Jumper, and Karin M. Muraszko
21. Hypothalamic- Chiasmatic Glioma 187
James Rutka and Angela Coppola
22. Mesial Temporal Glioma 199
Gerry Grant
23. Craniopharyngioma 207
Lissa C. Baird
24. Diffuse Brainstem Glioma 217
Nalin Gupta
25. Posterior Fossa Ependymoma 223
Frederick A. Boop and Jimmy Ming- Jung Chuang
26. Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cyst 231
Amy K. Bruzek and Cormac O. Maher
27. Posterior Fossa Cyst and Hydrocephalus 239
Peter J. Morone and John C. Wellons, III
28. Occipital Encephalocele 247
Molly Hubbard and Daniel Guillaume
29. Nasal Dermoid 257
Hugh J. L. Garton
30. Sinusitus with Subdural Empyema 267
Christina Sayama
31. Ventricular Shunt Infection 275
Christina Sayama
Index 281
vi
Preface
Dear Reader,
I am delighted to introduce this volume of Neurosurgery by Example: Key Cases and
Fundamental Principles. Neurosurgical training and practice are based on managing a
wide range of complex clinical cases with expert knowledge, sound judgment, and
skilled technical execution. Our goal in this series is to present exemplary cases in the
manner they are actually encountered in the neurosurgical clinic, hospital emergency
department, and operating room.
For this volume, Dr. Lissa C. Baird and I invited a broad range of expert contributors
to share their extensive wisdom and experience in all major areas of pediatric neuro-
surgery. Each chapter contains a classic presentation of an important clinical entity and
guides readers through the processes of assessment and planning, decision making, sur-
gical procedure, aftercare, and complication management.“ Pivot points” illuminate the
changes required to manage patients in alternate or atypical situations.
Each chapter also presents lists of“ pearls” for the accurate diagnosis, successful treat-
ment, and effective complication management of each clinical problem. These 3 focus
areas will be especially helpful to neurosurgeons preparing to sit for the American Board
of Neurological Surgery oral examination, which bases scoring on these 3 topics.
Finally, each chapter contains focused reviews of medical evidence and expected
outcomes, helpful for counseling patients and setting accurate expectations. Rather
than exhaustive reference lists, chapter authors provide lists of high- priority additional
reading recommended to deepen understanding.
The resulting volume should provide you with a dynamic tour through the practice
of pediatric neurosurgery, guided by some of the leading experts in North America.
Additional volumes cover each subspecialty area of neurosurgery, using the same case-
based approach and board review features.
Nathan R. Selden, MD, PhD
Campagna Professor and Chair
Department of Neurological Surgery
Oregon Health & Science University
vii
viii
Contributors
Frederick A. Boop, MD Beth A. Costine-B artell, PhD
Department of Neurological Surgery Department of Neurosurgery
University of Tennessee Massachusetts General Hospital and
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Harvard Medical School
Memphis, TN Boston, MA
Douglas Brockmeyer, MD Brian J. Dlouhy, MD
Department of Neurological Surgery Department of Neurosurgery
University of Utah, Primary Children’s University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Hospital Iowa City, Iowa
Salt Lake City, Utah
Ann- Christine Duhaime, MD
Amy K. Bruzek, MD, MS Department of Neurosurgery
Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital and
University of Michigan Harvard Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan Boston, MA
Vamsidhar Chavakula, MD Richard G. Ellenbogen, MD, FCAS
Clinical Fellow in Surgery Department of Neurological Surgery
Department of Neurosurgery University of Washington
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Seattle, Washington
Boston, MA
Hugh J. L. Garton, MD
Jimmy Ming- Jung Chuang, MD Department of Neurosurgery
Department of Neurological Surgery University of Michigan
University of Tennessee Ann Arbor, Michigan
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Memphis, TN Gerry Grant, MD
Department of Neurosurgery
Angela Coppola, MD Stanford University
Division of Neurosurgery Palo Alto, CA
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
ix