TPS23x31-2|29.07.16-10:52 TPS23x31-2|29.07.16-10:52 TPS23x31-2|29.07.16-10:52 Pediatric Neuroradiology Clinical Practice Essentials Asim F. Choudhri, MD Associate Chairman–Research Affairs and Education Department of Radiology Associate Professor of Radiology, Ophthalmology, and Neurosurgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center Director of Neuroradiology Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Tennessee Thieme New York (cid:129) Stuttgart (cid:129) Delhi (cid:129) Rio de Janeiro TPS23x31-2|29.07.16-10:52 ThiemeMedicalPublishers,Inc. Importantnote:Medicineisanever-changingscienceundergoing 333SeventhAve. continualdevelopment.Researchandclinicalexperiencearecon- NewYork,NewYork10001 tinuallyexpandingourknowledge,inparticularourknowledgeof propertreatmentanddrugtherapy.Insofarasthisbookmentions ExecutiveEditor:WilliamLamsback any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the ManagingEditor:J.OwenZurhellenIV authors,editors,andpublishershavemadeeveryefforttoensure EditorialAssistant:MaryB.Wilson thatsuchreferencesareinaccordancewiththestateofknowledge Director,EditorialServices:MaryJoCasey atthetimeofproductionofthebook. InternationalProductionDirector:AndreasSchabert Nevertheless,thisdoesnotinvolve,imply,orexpressanyguar- VicePresident,EditorialandE-ProductDevelopment: anteeorresponsibilityonthepartofthepublishersinrespecttoany VeraSpillner dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in thebook. 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The authors and publishers request LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData everyusertoreporttothepublishersanydiscrepanciesorinaccu- raciesnoticed.Iferrorsinthisworkarefoundafterpublication,errata Choudhri,AsimF.,author. willbepostedatwww.thieme.comontheproductdescriptionpage. Pediatricneuroradiology:clinical practiceessentials /AsimF. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs Choudhri. referredtointhisbookareinfactregisteredtrademarksorpropri- p.;cm. etarynameseventhoughspecificreferencetothisfactisnotalways Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-62623-096-5– made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designationasproprietaryisnottobeconstruedasarepresentation ISBN978-1-62623-097-2(eISBN) bythepublisherthatitisinthepublicdomain. I.Title. [DNLM:1. Neuroradiography.2. CentralNervousSystemDiseases– diagnosis. 3. Child.4. Head–radiography.5. Infant. 6. Magnetic ResonanceImaging.7. Neck–radiography. WS340] RJ488.5.M33 618.92'8047548—dc23 2015026386 Copyright 2017byThiemeMedicalPublishers,Inc. TypesettingbyThomsonDigital,India Thisbook,includingallpartsthereof,islegallyprotectedbycopy- right.Anyuse,exploitation,orcommercializationoutsidethenarrow Alsoavailableasane-book: limitssetbycopyrightlegislationwithoutthepublisher’sconsentis eISBN978-1-62623-097-2 illegalandliabletoprosecution.Thisappliesinparticulartophoto- stat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processingandstorage. TPS23x31-2|29.07.16-10:52 Thisbookisdedicatedtoallchildrenwithneurologicdisorders,andtotheirfamilies. TPS23x31-2|29.07.16-10:52 |29.07.16-14:39 Contents Contents ForewordbyDavidM.Yousem ................................................................... ix Preface............................................................................................ xi Acknowledgments............................................................................... xiii Part1.IntroductiontoPediatricNeuroradiology 1. ImagingTechniques ............................................................................. 2 Part2.BrainImaging 2. AnatomyandDevelopment..................................................................... 10 3. SupratentorialMalformations.................................................................. 19 4. PosteriorFossaMalformations ................................................................. 29 5. PerinatalImaging ................................................................................ 37 6. TraumaandHemorrhage........................................................................ 51 7. NeurocutaneousSyndromes.................................................................... 59 8. Neoplasms........................................................................................ 67 9. Seizures ........................................................................................... 76 10. InfectionandInflammation..................................................................... 84 11. Hydrocephalus ................................................................................... 89 12. VascularAbnormalities.......................................................................... 97 13. SellaTurcica/PinealGland ....................................................................... 108 14. MetabolicDisorders ............................................................................. 115 15. SkullandScalp ................................................................................... 126 16. SkullBaseandCranialNerves................................................................... 136 vii |29.07.16-14:39 Contents Part3.HeadandNeckImaging 17. NeckSoftTissue .................................................................................. 150 18. CraniofacialAbnormalities....................................................................... 157 19. VascularAbnormalitiesof theHeadandNeck................................................. 163 20. Sinuses............................................................................................. 167 21. Orbits .............................................................................................. 173 22. TemporalBone.................................................................................... 181 23. OralCavity......................................................................................... 189 Part4.SpineImaging 24. AnatomyandCraniocervicalJunction .......................................................... 198 25. InfectionandInflammatoryConditions ........................................................ 209 26. Congenital/DevelopmentalSpineAbnormalities.............................................. 213 27. Neoplasm.......................................................................................... 223 28. Trauma............................................................................................. 230 Part5.Appendices 29. Appendix1.Protocols............................................................................ 240 30. Appendix2.ThoughtsonDictationwithSampleTemplates................................. 245 31. Appendix3.QuickReference.................................................................... 250 Index............................................................................................... 261 viii