Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy through Adolescence PDF
Preview Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy through Adolescence
CHAPTER FM1 Pediatric Dentistry INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE This page intentionally left blank FIFTH EDITION Pediatric Dentistry INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE Paul S. Casamassimo, DDS, MS Dennis J. McTigue, DDS, MS Professor and Chair Professor Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health Health College of Dentistry College of Dentistry The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University; Chief Member Department of Dentistry Department of Dentistry Nationwide Children’s Hospital Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Henry W. Fields, Jr., DDS, MS, MSD Arthur J. Nowak, DMD, MA Professor and Division Chair Professor Emeritus Division of Orthodontics Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Pediatrics College of Dentistry Colleges of Dentistry and Medicine The Ohio State University; University of Iowa Section Chief Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Dentistry Afiliate Professor Nationwide Children’s Hospital The Center for Pediatric Dentistry Columbus, Ohio University of Washington Seattle, Washington With 520 illustrations 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY: INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE ISBN: 978-0-323-08546-5 Copyright © 2013, 2005, 1999, 1994, 1988 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this ield are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identiied, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence.—5th ed. / [edited by] Paul S. Casamassimo … [et al.]. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-08546-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) I. Casamassimo, Paul S. [DNLM: 1. Dental Care for Children. 2. Pediatric Dentistry. WU 480] 617.6′45—dc23 2012030485 Vice President and Publisher: Linda Duncan Executive Content Strategist: Kathy H. Falk Senior Content Development Specialist: Courtney L. Sprehe Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: Rachel E. McMullen Design Direction: Brian Salisbury Working together to grow libraries in developing countries Printed in China www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS Steven M. Adair, DDS, MS Clifton O. Dummett, Jr., DDS, MSD, MED† Senior Vice President Chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Louisiana State Clinical Quality Initiatives and Education CSHM LLC University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana Nashville, Tennessee; Professor Emeritus Henry W. Fields, Jr., DDS, MS, MSD College of Dental Medicine Professor and Division Chair Georgia Health Sciences University Division of Orthodontics Augusta, Georgia College of Dentistry The Ohio State University; Homa Amini, DDS, MPH, MS Section Chief Section Chief and Program Director, Pediatric Dentistry Department of Dentistry Nationwide Children’s Hospital Nationwide Children’s Hospital Associate Professor-Clinical Columbus, Ohio Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Heatlh College of Dentistry Catherine M. Flaitz, DDS, MS The Ohio State University Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Columbus, Ohio Pediatric Dentistry Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry Paul S. Casamassimo, DDS, MS University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston Professor and Chair Dental Staff Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health Texas Children’s Hospital College of Dentistry Houston, Texas The Ohio State University; Chief Anna Blinder Fuks, DDS Department of Dentistry Professor Emeritus Nationwide Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatric Dentistry Columbus, Ohio Hadassah School of Dental Medicine The Hebrew University John R. Christensen, DDS, MS Jerusalem, Israel Adjunct Associate Professor School of Dentistry Steven I. Ganzberg, DMD, MS University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Clinical Professor and Chair Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Section of Dental Anesthesiology Private Practice UCLA School of Dentistry Durham, North Carolina Los Angeles, California Marcio A. da Fonseca, DDS, MS Ann L. Griffen, DDS, MS Law-Lewis Professor Professor Director, Pediatric Dentistry Graduate Program Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral The Center for Pediatric Dentistry Health School of Dentistry College of Dentistry University of Washington The Ohio State University; Seattle, Washington Member of Medical Staff Nationwide Children’s Hospital Kevin James Donly, DDS, MS Columbus, Ohio Professor and Chair Department of Developmental Dentistry Dental School University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, Texas †Deceased. v vi CONTRIBUTORS Marcio Guelmann, DDS Arthur J. Nowak, DMD, MA Associate Professor and Chair Professor Emeritus Department of Pediatric Dentistry Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Pediatrics College of Dentistry Colleges of Dentistry and Medicine University of Florida University of Iowa Gainesville, Florida Iowa City, Iowa; Afiliate Professor Ilana Heling, DMD, MSc The Center for Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Associate Professor University of Washington Department of Endodontics Seattle, Washington Hadassah School of Dental Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Eyal Nuni, DMD Jerusalem, Israel Clinical Instructor Department of Endodontics Gideon Holan, DMD Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Clinical Associate Professor The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Director of Postgraduate Program Jerusalem, Israel Department of Pediatric Dentistry Private Practice Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Tel Aviv, Israel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel Dennis N. Ranalli, DDS, MDS Professor Emeritus; Ari Kupietzky, DMD, MSc, FAAPD Senior Associate Dean Emeritus Clinical Instructor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Hadassah School of Dental Medicine School of Dental Medicine The Hebrew University University of Pittsburgh; Private practice Professor, Sports Medicine and Nutrition Jerusalem, Israel; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Visiting Professor University of Pittsburgh University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Newark, New Jersey Stephen F. Rosenstiel, BDS, MSD Tad R. Mabry, DDS, MS Professor Emeritus Clinical Associate Professor Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry College of Dentistry The Ohio State University The University of Iowa Columbus, Ohio Iowa City, Iowa Jonathan D. Shenkin, DDS, MPH Dennis J. McTigue, DDS, MS Clinical Assistant Professor of Health Policy Professor Department of Health Services Research and Pediatric Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Dentistry Health School of Dental Medicine College of Dentistry Boston University The Ohio State University; Boston, Massachusetts; Member Augusta Pediatric Dentistry, Private Practice Department of Dentistry Augusta, Maine Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Wendi Slaughter, PharmD, RPh Pharmacy Manager Dianne M. McBrien, MD University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics Iowa City, Iowa University of Iowa Children’s Hospital Iowa City, Iowa CONTRIBUTORS vii Rebecca L. Slayton, DDS, PhD Kaaren G. Vargas, DDS, PhD Professor and Chair Private Practice Department of Pediatric Dentistry North Liberty, Iowa College of Dentistry University of Iowa Marcos A. Vargas, DDS, MS Iowa City, Iowa Professor Department of Family Dentistry Deborah Studen-Pavlovich, DMD College of Dentistry Professor and Chair University of Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh William F. Waggoner, DDS, MS Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Private Practice, Pediatric Dental Care Associates of Las Vegas Dimitris N. Tatakis, DDS, PhD Las Vegas, Nevada Professor and Director Advanced Education Program in Periodontics Karin Weber-Gasparoni, DDS, MS, PhD Division of Periodontology Associate Professor College of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Columbus, Ohio University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Sarat Thikkurissy, DDS, MS Associate Professor Martha H. Wells, DMD, MS Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Assistant Professor Health Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry College of Dentistry The Ohio State University; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Director, In-Patient Dental Services Memphis, Tennessee Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Stephen Wilson, DMD, MA, PhD Professor and Chief of Division Janice Alisa Townsend, DDS, MS Division of Pediatric Dentistry Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatric Dentistry Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Louisiana State University Cincinnati, Ohio New Orleans, Louisiana PREFACE Since the irst edition in 1988, there has been terriic Where possible, all information is evidence based using support of this textbook, Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy classic or contemporary citations from the health literature Through Adolescence, from clinicians, residents, students, and and the latest policies and clinical guidelines of the American allied health professionals. The novel approach to emphasize Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and American Academy of age-appropriate themes instead of disease-oriented themes Pediatrics. has been well received and is continued in this edition. Embracing the contemporary electronic delivery of infor- To date, 57 health professionals have contributed to the mation, a digital text is offered as an e-book via the Page- ive editions, some for all ive editions with others added as Burst store (http://pageburst.elsevier.com). new themes were introduced. The text has been translated Become familiar with the ifth edition, beginning with into ive languages and is used in educational programs Part 1: The Fundamentals of Pediatric Dentistry. Continue throughout the world. with the next four parts, beginning with the infant and Additions for the ifth edition include full-color design to ending with the adolescent patient. All four age-related parts create an immediate visual impact; responsibilities of non- are laid out in a similar format for quick searches and user dental professionals regarding infant oral health (Chapter friendliness. 13); update on the effect of dental disease on children Your editors and the contributors hope that this edition (Chapter 17); revised information on dental sealants will further enhance your enjoyment and competency in (Chapter 32); advances in tissue engineering, as demon- managing the oral health of pediatric patients. It is through strated in a new section on revascularization in treating your dedicated and loving care that they can enjoy life necrotic immature teeth (Chapter 34); and the importance fully. of assisting the pediatric patient to transition to an adult dental home (Chapter 38). The Editors viii
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