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Access to the eBook is limited to the first individual who redeems the PIN, located on the inside cover of this book, at expertconsult.inkling.com and may not be transferred to another party by resale, lending, or other means. 2015v1.0 Pediatric Dentistry This page intentionally left blank Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy Through Adolescence SIXTH EDITION Arthur J. Nowak, DMD, MA Professor Emeritus Pediatric Dentistry and Pediatrics University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Associate Editors: John R. Christensen, DDS, MS (Ped Janice A. Townsend, DDS, MS Dent), MS (Ortho) Associate Professor and Chair Division of Pediatric Dentistry Adjunct Associate Professor The Ohio State University College of Dentistry; Department of Pediatric Dentistry Chief, Department of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nationwide Children’s Hospital Dentistry Columbus, Ohio; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Clinical Associate Professor Durham Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Durham, North Carolina Dentistry New Orleans, Louisiana Tad R. Mabry, DDS, MS Martha H. Wells, DMD, MS Clinical Professor Associate Professor and Program Director Department of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Iowa College of Dentistry The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Iowa City, Iowa Memphis, Tennessee 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY: INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE, ISBN: 978-0-323-60826-8 SIXTH EDITION Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2013, 2005, 1999, 1994, 1988 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Nowak, Arthur J., 1937- editor. | Christensen, John R. (Pediatric dentist and orthodontist), editor. | Mabry, Tad R., editor. | Townsend, Janice A., editor. | Wells, Martha H., editor. Title: Pediatric dentistry : infancy through adolescence / [edited by] Arthur J. Nowak ; associate editors: John R. Christensen, Tad R. Mabry, Janice A. Townsend, Martha H. Wells. Other titles: Pediatric dentistry (Pinkham) Description: Sixth edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2019] | Preceded by Pediatric dentistry / [edited by] Paul S. Casamassimo. 5th ed. c2013. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018006375 | ISBN 9780323608268 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Dental Care for Children | Pediatric Dentistry Classification: LCC RK55.C5 | NLM WU 480 | DDC 617.6/45–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018006375 Senior Content Strategist: Jennifer Flynn-Briggs Senior Content Development Specialist: Rae Robertson Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Book Production Specialist: Kristine Feeherty Design Direction: Brian Salisbury Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors v Contributors Bhavini Acharya, BDS, MPH Homa Amini, DDS, MPH, MS Associate Professor/Program Director Professor of Clinical Dentistry and Program Director Pediatric Dentistry Division of Pediatric Dentistry University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Houston, Texas Columbus, Ohio Chapter 5 Case Study Chapter 11 Abimbola O. Adewumi, BDS, MPed Dent RCS (Eng) Paul Andrews, DDS, MSc Clinical Associate Professor and Residency Program Director Assistant Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of Florida College of Dentistry University of Toronto Gainesville, Florida Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chapter 29 Chapter 24 Case Study Ola B. Al-Batayneh, BDS, MDSc, JDB Kay S. Beavers, DDS, RDH Associate Professor in Pediatric Dentistry Professor Department of Preventive Dentistry Department of Diagnosis and Preventive Services Faculty of Dentistry University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Jordan University of Science and Technology; Dentistry Consultant in Pediatric Dentistry Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Head, Special Surgery-Pediatric Dental Surgery Division Chapter 15 King Abdullah University Teaching Hospital Irbid, Jordan Erica Brecher, DMD, MS Chapter 13 Case Study Assistant Professor Pediatric Dentistry Alexander Alcaraz, DMD Virginia Commonwealth University Assistant Professor of Clinical Dentistry Richmond, Virginia Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 38 Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Director of Clinical Education R. John Brewer, EMT-P Division of Dentistry Dental Education, Inc. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Bethel Park, Pennsylvania Los Angeles, California Chapter 10 Chapter 25 Case Study Jeffrey N. Brownstein, DDS Veerasathpurush Allareddy, BDS MBA, MHA, PhD, MMSc Clinical Instructor Professor Midwestern University College of Dental Medicine-Arizona Department of Orthodontics Glendale, Arizona; Collegiate Director of Clinical Research Clinical Instructor College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Department of Dental Anesthesiology University of Iowa NYU Langone Medical Center Iowa City, Iowa Brooklyn, New York; Chapter 5 Private Practice Peoria, Arizona Sahar M. Alrayyes, DDS, MS Chapter 6 Clinical Associate Professor and Clinic Director Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, Illinois Chapter 41 Case Study v vi Contributors Paul S. Casamassimo, DDS, MS Marcio A. da Fonseca, DDS, MS Professor Emeritus Chicago Dental Society Associate Professor and Head Pediatric Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry The Ohio State University; University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Department of Dentistry Chicago, Illinois Nationwide Children’s Hospital Chapter 4 Columbus, Ohio Chapter 1 William O. Dahlke, Jr., DMD Associate Professor and Chair Zafer C. Cehreli, DDS, PhD Department of Pediatric Dentistry Professor Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry Richmond, Virginia Faculty of Dentistry Chapter 33 Case Study Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey Kevin J. Donly, DDS, MS Chapter 39 Case Study Professor and Chair Chapter 40 Case Study Department of Developmental Dentistry Professor Donald L. Chi, DDS, PhD Department of Pediatrics Associate Professor, Department of Oral Health Sciences, School University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio of Dentistry San Antonio, Texas Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chapter 21 School of Dentistry Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Zameera Fida, DMD Medicine Department of Dentistry Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Health Services, Boston Children’s Hospital School of Public Health Instructor, Developmental Biology University of Washington Harvard School of Dental Medicine Seattle, Washington Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 11 Chapter 30 John R. Christensen, DDS, MS (Ped Dent), MS (Ortho) Henry Fields, DDS, MS, MSD Adjunct Associate Professor Professor and Division Chair Department of Pediatric Dentistry Orthodontics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry The Ohio State University College of Dentistry; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Chief, Section of Orthodontics Durham Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department of Dentistry Durham, North Carolina Nationwide Children’s Hospital Chapter 19 Columbus, Ohio Chapter 28 Chapter 35 (boxed material) Chapter 28 Case Study Chapter 36 Chapter 31 Chapter 36 Catherine M. Flaitz, DDS, MS Chapter 38 Professor Pediatric Dentistry Samuel J. Christensen, DDS, MS The Ohio State University College of Dentistry; Private Practice Associate Chief of Dentistry Ankeny, Iowa Department of Dentistry Chapter 27 Case Study Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Matthew Cooke, DDS, MD, MPH Chapter 2 Associate Professor Departments of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Dentistry Fernando L. Esteban Florez, DDS, MS, PhD School of Dental Medicine Assistant Professor University of Pittsburgh Department of Dental Materials Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chapter 21 (boxed material) School of Dentistry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia Chapter 10 Contributors vii Suzanne Fournier, DDS Marcio Guelmann, DDS Postgraduate Program Director Professor and Chair Department of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry Louisiana State University University of Florida New Orleans, Louisiana Gainesville, Florida Chapter 11 Case Study Chapter 23 Chapter 11 (boxed material) Kerrod B. Hallett, MDSc, MPH Anna B. Fuks, DDS Paediatric Dentist Department of Pediatric Dentistry Director, Department of Dentistry Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Research Fellow, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Hebrew University Institute Jerusalem, Israel; Clinical Associate Professor, University of Melbourne Professor Emeritus Melbourne, Victoria, Australia The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Chapter 4 Case Study Medicine Department of Pediatric Dentistry Kimberly J. Hammersmith, DDS, MPH, MS Tel Aviv University Nationwide Children’s Hospital Tel Aviv, Israel Adjunct Assistant Professor Chapter 23 Division of Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 34 College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Matthew K. Geneser, DDS Columbus, Ohio Clinical Associate Professor Chapter 3 Case Study Department of Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 18 Case Study University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa Kevin L. Haney, DDS, MS Chapter 5 Professor Pediatric Dentistry Gayle J. Gilbaugh, RDH University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry Specialized Care Coordinator/Dental Hygienist Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Department of Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 15 University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa Brian D. Hodgson, DDS Chapter 20 (boxed material) Associate Professor, Program in Pediatric Dentistry Department of Developmental Sciences Elizabeth S. Gosnell, DMD, MS Marquette University School of Dentistry Assistant Professor Milwaukee, Wisconsin Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Chapter 23 Case Study Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Gideon Holan, DMD Chapter 7 Clinical Associate Professor Chapter 8 Pediatric Dentistry The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Erin L. Gross, DDS, PhD, MS Jerusalem, Israel Assistant Professor-Clinical Chapter 16 Division of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry Cody C. Hughes, DMD, MSD The Ohio State University Program Director Columbus, Ohio Advanced Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 13 UNLV School of Dental Medicine Chapter 18 Las Vegas, Nevada; Pediatric Dentist Steven H. Gross, CDT Valley Pediatric Dental President Mesquite, Nevada SML Space Maintainers Laboratories Chapter 22 Case Study Headquarters Chatsworth, California Chapter 26 (boxed material) viii Contributors Michael A. Ignelzi, Jr., DDS, PhD Ari Kupietzky, DMD, MSc Adjunct Professor Visiting Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Newark, New Jersey; Lake Jeanette Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Faculty Member Greensboro, North Carolina Department of Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 36 Case Study The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel Janice G. Jackson, DMD Chapter 23 Professor and Program Director Department of Pediatric Dentistry Clarice S. Law, DMD, MS University of Alabama at Birmingham Associate Clinical Professor Birmingham, Alabama Sections of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Chapter 35 Case Study Division of Growth and Development UCLA School of Dentistry Faris Jamjoom, BDS, MS Los Angeles, California Advanced Implantology Program Chapter 26 Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences Chapter 27 Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Kecia S. Leary, DDS, MS Chapter 3 Case Study Associate Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Michael J. Kanellis, DDS, MS University of Iowa College of Dentistry Associate Dean and Professor Iowa City, Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 32 University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa Tad R. Mabry, DDS, MS Chapter 22 (boxed material) Clinical Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Piranit Nik Kantaputra, DDS, MS University of Iowa College of Dentistry Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research Iowa City, Iowa Division of Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 39 Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Chiang Mai University Cindy L. Marek, PharmD Chiang Mai, Thailand Clinical Associate Professor Chapter 17 Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine University of Iowa College of Dentistry Sharukh S. Khajotia, BDS, MS, PhD Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science Associate Dean for Research University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Professor and Chair, Department of Dental Materials Iowa City, Iowa University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry Chapter 9 Affiliate Associate Professor of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering Dennis J. McTigue, DDS, MS University of Oklahoma College of Engineering Professor Emeritus Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Pediatric Dentistry Chapter 21 (boxed material) The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Columbus, Ohio Lisa Knobloch, DDS, MS Chapter 16 Professor Chapter 35 Division of Restorative Science and Prosthodontics The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Beau D. Meyer, DDS, MPH Columbus, Ohio Research Assistant Professor Chapter 3 Case Study Pediatric Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapter 3 Chapter 31 Case Study