Pediatric clinical practice guidelines & policies : a compendium of evidence-based research for pediatric practice

1368 Pages·2018·29.666 MB·English

A M E R I C A N A C A D E M Y O F P E D I AT R I C S A P
APmeedriciaant Arciacd emCyl oifn Piecdiaatlr icPs ractice Guidelines & Policies Pediat omf ePreidcaoianlti crAiycc soadf tehmey
r
i
A Compendium of Evidence-based Research for Pediatric Practice c

18th Edition C
Clinical practice guidelines have long provided physicians with an evidence-based decision-making eBook l
i
tool for managing common pediatric conditions. Policies issued and endorsed by the American n
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) represent the AAP position on child health care issues. access i
c
More than 40 clinical practice guidelines and more than 500 policy statements, clinical reports, a
and tech nical reports have been combined into this 18th edition of Pediatric Clinical Practice included! l
Guidelines & Policies book and eBook, giving you even easier access to the important clinical and P
policy information you need. r Pediatric
a
Manual includes c
• Complete AAP clinical practice guidelines Organization of Pediatric Clinical t
i
• Complete 2017 AAP policy statements and c linical and Practice Guidelines & Policies, 18th Edition c
technical reports e
• Appendixes on the AAP Partnership for Policy Section 1: Clinical Practice Guidelines From the G Clinical Practice
Implementation and AAP acronyms American Academy of Pediatrics
• Quick Reference Tools, including coding tips, patient Section 2: Endorsed Clinical Practice Guidelines u
education handouts, and more Section 3: Affirmation of Value Clinical Practice id
• Six-section organization for ease of use Guidelines e
Section 4: 2 017 Policies From the American l
Clinical practice guidelines included in this edition cover i
Academy of Pediatrics n &
the following pediatric conditions:
Section 5: C urrent Policies From the American e Guidelines Policies
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Academy of Pediatrics s
• Autism spectrum disorder Section 6: Endorsed Policies
&
• Brief resolved unexplained events Appendix 1: PPI: AAP Partnership for Policy
• Bronchiolitis Implementation
• Cardiovascular health Appendix 2: A merican Academy of Pediatrics Acronyms
P
• Cerebral palsy
o
• Cerumen impaction—New!
l
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia i
c
• Congenital muscular dystrophy • Nonfebrile seizures i
• Depression • Otitis media e
• Diabetes • Palliative care s
,
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy • Radiology 1 A Compendium of Evidence-based
• Dysplasia of the hip • Rhinoplasty—New!
8
• Emergency medical services • Sedation and analgesia
• Endocarditis • Sinusitis th Research for Pediatric Practice
• Febrile seizures • Sleep apnea
•• FFlouoodr iadlelergy •• STtealteuhse aelpthil—epNtiecwu!s Ed 18th Edition eBook
• Gastroenteritis • Tobacco use and dependence it
• Hemorrhage • Turner syndrome—New! io
• High blood pressure—New! • Urinary tract infection n access
• HIV • Vesicoureteral reflux
• Hyperbilirubinemia
Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies, 18th Edition,
•• IImnfmanutinleo csopmaspmrosmised host i psh tyhseic piaenrfse, cnt uprrsaecst,i caanld r eaflelireedn chee ablotho kp rfoorf e p ssriiomnaarlys .care included!
• Intravascular catheter-related infections
To order other pediatric resources, visit shop.aap.org/
•• JMauignrdaiincee headache books.

ISBN: 978-1-61002-148-7
ISSN: 1942-2024
MA0859

ISBN 978-1-61002-148-7

90000>

a ap

9 781610 021487
Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies
A Compendium of Evidence-based Research for Pediatric Practice
18th Edition
American Academy of Pediatrics
345 Park Blvd
Itasca, IL 60143
www.aap.org
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
PUBLISHING STAFF
Mark Grimes
Vice President, Publishing
Jennifer McDonald
Senior Editor, Digital Publishing
Leesa Levin-Doroba
Production Manager, Practice Management
Amanda Helmholz
Medical Copy Editor
Peg Mulcahy
Manager, Art Direction and Production
Sean Rogers
Digital Content Specialist
Mary Lou White
Chief Product and Services Officer/SVP, Membership, Marketing, and Publishing
Linda Smessaert
Senior Marketing Manager, Professional Resources
Mary Louise Carr
Marketing Manager, Clinical Publications
The American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of 66,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical
specialists dedicated to the health, safety, and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.
The recommendations in this publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking
into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
Products are mentioned for informational purposes only. Inclusion in this publication does not imply endorsement by the American Academy of
Pediatrics.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the drug selection and dosage set forth in this publication are in accordance with the current recommen-
dations and practice at the time of publication. It is the responsibility of the health care professional to check the package insert of each drug for any
change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions.
This publication has been developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The authors, editors, and contributors are expert authorities in the
field of pediatrics. No commercial involvement of any kind has been solicited or accepted in the development of the content of this publication.
© 2018 American Academy of Pediatrics
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission from the publisher (locate title at http://ebooks.
aappublications.org and click on © Get Permissions; you may also fax the permissions editor at 847/434-8780 or e-mail [email protected]). First
edition published 2001; 18th, 2018.
Printed in the United States of America
9-5/1117
MA0859
ISBN: 978-1-61002-148-7
eBook: 978-1-61002-149-4
ISSN: 1942-2024
INTRODUCTION TO
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES:
A COMPENDIUM OF EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH
FOR PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Clinical practice guidelines have long provided physicians with evidence-based decision-making tools for manag-
ing common pediatric conditions. Policy statements issued and endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics
(AAP) are developed to provide physicians with a quick reference guide to the AAP position on child health care
issues. We have combined these 2 authoritative resources into 1 comprehensive manual/eBook resource to provide
easy access to important clinical and policy information.
This manual contains
• Clinical practice guidelines from the AAP, plus related recommendation summaries, ICD-10-CM coding informa-
tion, and AAP patient education handouts
• Clinical practice guidelines endorsed by the AAP, including abstracts where applicable
• Policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports issued or endorsed through December 2017, including
abstracts where applicable
• Full text of all 2017 AAP policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports
The eBook, which is available via the code on the inside cover of this manual, builds on content of the manual
and points to the full text of all AAP
• Clinical practice guidelines
• Policy statements
• Clinical reports
• Technical reports
• Endorsed clinical practice guidelines and policies
For easy reference within this publication, dates when AAP clinical practice guidelines, policy statements, clinical
reports, and technical reports first appeared in the AAP journal Pediatrics are provided. In 2009, the online version
of Pediatrics at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org became the official journal of record; therefore, date of online
publication is given for policies from 2010 to present.
Additional information about AAP policy can be found in a variety of professional publications such as
Guidelines for Air and Ground Transport of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients, 4th Edition
Pediatric Nutrition, 7th Edition
GPeudiidaetlriince Es nfovri rPoenrmineanttaal lC Haerae,l t8ht,h 3 rEdd iEtidointion Aomfe PreiPcdoailnaict Aryic coasfd tehme y
Care of the Young Athlete, 2nd Edition
Red Book®, 31st Edition, and Red Book® Online
(http://redbook.solutions.aap.org) Guidelines for
To order these and other pediatric resources, please PPPEEERRRIIINNNNNNNNNNNNNAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAALLLLLLLL
call 866/843-2271 or visit http://shop.aap.org/books.
CCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAARRRRRRRRREEEEEEEEE
EEEiiiggghhhttthhh EEEdddiiitttiiiooonnn
All policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire
5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time. Please check the American Academy of
Pediatrics Web site at www.aap.org for up-to-date reaffirmations, revisions, and retirements.
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and its member pediatricians dedicate their efforts and resources to
the health, safety, and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. The AAP has approximately
66,000 members in the United States, Canada, and Latin America. Members include pediatricians, pediatric medical
subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists.
Core Values. We believe
• In the inherent worth of all children; they are our most enduring and vulnerable legacy.
• Children deserve optimal health and the highest quality health care.
• Pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists are the best qualified to provide
child health care.
• Multidisciplinary teams including patients and families are integral to delivering the highest quality health care.
The AAP is the organization to advance child health and well-being and the profession of pediatrics.
Vision. Children have optimal health and well-being and are valued by society. American Academy of Pediatrics
members practice the highest quality health care and experience professional satisfaction and personal well-being.
Mission. The mission of the AAP is to attain optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all
infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. To accomplish this mission, the AAP shall support the professional
needs of its members.
V
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 Febrile Seizures Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FROM THE Reference Tools ................................................................... 183
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
High Blood Pressure
Foreword ............................................................................................ 3
Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Management of High Blood Pressure in Children
and Adolescents .................................................................. 187
ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis,
Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/
See Appendix 1.
Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents ...... 5
High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
See Appendix 1. Reference Tools ................................................................... 261
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Practice
Hyperbilirubinemia
Guideline Quick Reference Tools ........................................23
Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation ............................. 265
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Reference Tools ................................................................... 289
Lower-Risk Infants ............................................................... 47
Otitis Media
See Appendix 1. The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media......... 293
Otitis Media With Effusion .......................................................... 331
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent
Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Otitis Media Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick
Lower-Risk Infants: Executive Summary ......................... 81 Reference Tools ................................................................... 351
See Appendix 1. Sinusitis
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events Clinical Practice
Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in
Guideline Quick Reference Tools ....................................... 85
Children Aged 1 to 18 Years ............................................. 361
Bronchiolitis
See Appendix 1.
The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
of Bronchiolitis ...................................................................... 89 Sinusitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Reference Tools ................................................................... 383
See Appendix 1.
Sleep Apnea
Bronchiolitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive
Reference Tools ................................................................... 121
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ..................................................... 387
Sleep Apnea Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Diabetes
Reference Tools ................................................................... 399
Management of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM) in Children and Adolescents ............. 125
Urinary Tract Infection
Diabetes Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Reaffirmation of AAP Clinical Practice Guideline:
Reference Tools ................................................................... 147
The Diagnosis and Management of the Initial
Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and
Dysplasia of the Hip
Young Children 2–24 Months of Age ............................ 403
Early Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip ....... 151
Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice
Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Practice Guideline Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management
Quick Reference Tools ....................................................... 163 of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and
Children 2 to 24 Months ................................................... 411
Febrile Seizures
Febrile Seizures: Clinical Practice Guideline for the See Appendix 1.
Long-term Management of the Child With
Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Practice Guideline
Simple Febrile Seizures...................................................... 167
Quick Reference Tools ....................................................... 427
Febrile Seizures: Guideline for the Neurodiagnostic
Evaluation of the Child With a Simple
Febrile Seizure ..................................................................... 175
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2 Food Allergy
ENDORSED CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of
Food Allergy in the United States: Report of
Autism Spectrum Disorder the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel ................................ 436
Screening and Diagnosis of Autism ........................................... 433
Gastroenteritis
Cardiovascular Health Managing Acute Gastroenteritis Among Children:
Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, and
Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for
Nutritional Therapy ........................................................... 436
Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction
in Children and Adolescents: Summary Report ............ 433
Hemorrhage
Cerebral Palsy An Evidence-based Prehospital Guideline for
External Hemorrhage Control .......................................... 436
Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With
Cerebral Palsy ..................................................................... 433
HIV
Cerumen Impaction Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of
Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed
Cerumen Impaction ...................................................................... 433
and HIV-Infected Children ............................................... 436
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Immunocompromised Host
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid
2013 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical
21-hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine
Practice Guidelines for the Immunization of the
Society Clinical Practice Guideline .................................. 433
Immunocompromised Host .............................................. 437
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Infantile Spasms
Evidence-based Guideline Summary: Evaluation,
Evidence-based Guideline Update: Medical Treatment
Diagnosis, and Management of Congenital
of Infantile Spasms ............................................................. 437
Muscular Dystrophy. Report of the Guideline
Development Subcommittee of the American
Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues
Review Panel of the American Association of Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular
Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine ............. 434 Catheter-Related Infections............................................... 438
Depression Jaundice
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic Jaundice
Care (GLAD-PC): I. Identification, Assessment, in Infants ............................................................................. 438
and Initial Management .................................................... 434
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Migraine Headache
Care (GLAD-PC): II. Treatment and Ongoing Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine Headache in
Management ........................................................................ 434 Children and Adolescents ................................................. 438
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Palliative Care
Practice Guideline Update Summary: Corticosteroid Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care,
Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ............... 435 Third Edition ....................................................................... 438
Dysplasia of the Hip Radiology
Guideline on Detection and Nonoperative Neuroimaging of the Neonate .................................................... 438
Management of Pediatric Developmental
Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants up to Six
Rhinoplasty
Months of Age: Evidence-based Clinical
Improving Nasal Form and Function after Rhinoplasty ........ 439
Practice Guideline .............................................................. 435
Sedation and Analgesia
Emergency Medical Services
Clinical Policy: Evidence-based Approach to
National Model EMS Clinical Guidelines ................................. 435
Pharmacologic Agents Used in Pediatric Sedation
and Analgesia in the Emergency Department ............... 439
Endocarditis
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines
Seizure
From the American Heart Association ............................ 435
Evaluating a First Nonfebrile Seizure in Children .................. 439
Fluoride Treatment of the Child With a First Unprovoked Seizure ...... 439
Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent
and Control Dental Caries in the United States ............ 436
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES VII
Status Epilepticus Clinical Tools to Assess Asthma Control in Children ............. 565
Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With Status Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care ..................... 577
Epilepticus (An Evidence-based Review)....................... 439 Cord Blood Banking for Potential Future Transplantation .... 589
Counseling Parents and Teens About Marijuana Use
Telehealth
in the Era of Legalization of Marijuana .......................... 601
Operating Procedures for Pediatric Telehealth ........................ 440
Detention of Immigrant Children .............................................. 609
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Congenital
Tobacco Use
Toxoplasmosis in the United States ................................. 625
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update ............ 440
Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Providing Options
Counseling for the Adolescent Patient ........................... 679
Turner Syndrome
Disaster Preparedness in Neonatal Intensive Care Units ....... 691
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care of Girls and
Donor Human Milk for the High-Risk Infant:
Women With Turner Syndrome: Proceedings
Preparation, Safety, and Usage Options in the
From the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner
United States ....................................................................... 705
Syndrome Meeting ............................................................. 442
Early Childhood Home Visiting ................................................. 713
Vesicoureteral Reflux Elimination of Perinatal Hepatitis B: Providing the
First Vaccine Dose Within 24 Hours of Birth ................. 727
Report on the Management of Primary Vesicoureteral
Reflux in Children .............................................................. 442 Epinephrine for First-aid Management of Anaphylaxis ......... 735
Expert Witness Participation in Civil and
Criminal Proceedings ........................................................ 747
SECTION 3
Expert Witness Participation in Civil and
AFFIRMATION OF VALUE CLINICAL PRACTICE 
Criminal Proceedings (Technical Report) ....................... 753
GUIDELINES
Financing of Pediatric Home Health Care ................................ 769
Asthma Fruit Juice in Infants, Children, and Adolescents:
Current Recommendations ............................................... 777
Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma:
Guidelines for Health Care Providers ............................. 445 Global Human Trafficking and Child Victimization ............... 787
Guidance on Completing a Written Allergy and
Palliative Care and Hospice Anaphylaxis Emergency Plan .......................................... 801
Standards of Practice for Pediatric Palliative Care Guidance on Forgoing Life-Sustaining
and Hospice......................................................................... 445 Medical Treatment .............................................................. 813
Guiding Principles for Team-Based Pediatric Care ................. 825
Sleep Apnea
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric
Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative Management Ambulatory Settings .......................................................... 835
of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea ...................... 445 Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized
Sports and Outbreak Control ........................................... 861
Turner Syndrome
The Metabolic Syndrome in Children and
Care of Girls and Women With Turner Syndrome: A Adolescents: Shifting the Focus to
Guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group ......... 445 Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering ......................... 887
The Need to Optimize Adolescent Immunization ................... 901
SECTION 4 Needs of Kinship Care Families and Pediatric Practice ......... 919
2017 POLICIES FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY A New Era in Quality Measurement: The Development
OF PEDIATRICS and Application of Quality Measures ............................. 931
Introduction ................................................................................... 449 Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse
in Children and Adolescents ............................................ 945
2017 Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric
Health Care ......................................................................... 451 Nonemergency Acute Care: When It’s Not the
Medical Home ..................................................................... 961
Adolescent and Young Adult Tattooing, Piercing,
and Scarification ................................................................. 457 Off-Label Use of Medical Devices in Children ......................... 973
The Adolescent’s Right to Confidential Care Options Counseling for the Pregnant Adolescent Patient ...... 979
When Considering Abortion ............................................ 475 Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect ........... 987
Age Limit of Pediatrics ................................................................ 489 Pain Assessment and Treatment in Children
The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice .............. 495 With Significant Impairment of the Central
Nervous System .................................................................. 997
The Care of Children With Congenital Heart Disease
in Their Primary Medical Home ...................................... 507 Pediatric Integrative Medicine .................................................. 1027
Care of the Adolescent After an Acute Sexual Assault ........... 519 Practical Approaches to Optimize
Adolescent Immunization ............................................... 1051
The Child Witness in the Courtroom ......................................... 537
Clinical Considerations Related to the Behavioral
Manifestations of Child Maltreatment ............................ 549
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Primary Care Pediatrician and the Care of All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention: Two-,
Children With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate ............... 1067 Three-, and Four-Wheeled Unlicensed
Motor Vehicles .................................................................. 1211
See Appendix 1. Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children ............ 1212
Antenatal Counseling Regarding Resuscitation and
Principles of Child Health Care Financing ............................. 1083
Intensive Care Before 25 Weeks of Gestation ............... 1212
Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis,
in Young Athletes ............................................................. 1093
Treatment, and Prevention .............................................. 1212
A Public Health Response to Opioid Use in Pregnancy ....... 1109
The Apgar Score ......................................................................... 1212
Quality Early Education and Child Care From Birth
Apnea of Prematurity ................................................................. 1212
to Kindergarten ................................................................. 1119
Application of the Resource-Based Relative Value
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of
Scale System to Pediatrics ............................................... 1212
Influenza in Children, 2017–2018 ................................... 1127
Assessment and Management of Inguinal Hernia
See Appendix 1. in Infants ............................................................................ 1213
Athletic Participation by Children and Adolescents
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent
Who Have Systemic Hypertension ............................... 1213
Immunization Schedule—United States, 2018 ............ 1149
Atopic Dermatitis: Skin-Directed Management ..................... 1213
Responsible Innovation in Children’s Surgical Care ............. 1153
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and
Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services
Substance Abuse ............................................................... 1213
in the Pediatric Setting .................................................... 1165
Baseball and Softball................................................................... 1213
Shared Decision-Making and Children With
Best Practices for Improving Flow and Care of
Disabilities: Pathway to Consensus ............................... 1181
Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department ....... 1213
Stigma Experienced by Children and Adolescents
Bicycle Helmets ........................................................................... 1213
With Obesity .................................................................... 1193
Binge Drinking ............................................................................ 1213
Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents .................. 1214
SECTION 5
Boxing Participation by Children and Adolescents ............... 1214
CURRENT POLICIES FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY
OF PEDIATRICS Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk ............................ 1214
The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice ............ 1214
2017 Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric
Health Care ....................................................................... 1209 The Built Environment: Designing Communities to
Promote Physical Activity in Children ......................... 1215
Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children ..................... 1209
Calcium and Vitamin D Requirements of Enterally
Access to Optimal Emergency Care for Children .................. 1209
Fed Preterm Infants .......................................................... 1215
Achieving Quality Health Services for Adolescents ............ 1209
Cardiovascular Monitoring and Stimulant Drugs
Addressing Early Childhood Emotional and
for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ............. 1215
Behavioral Problems ....................................................... 1209
Care of Adolescent Parents and Their Children .................... 1215
Addressing Early Childhood Emotional and
The Care of Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Behavioral Problems (Technical Report) ....................... 1209
in Their Primary Medical Home .................................... 1215
Admission and Discharge Guidelines for the
Care of the Adolescent After an Acute Sexual Assault ......... 1215
Pediatric Patient Requiring Intermediate Care ............ 1210
Caregiver-Fabricated Illness in a Child:
Adolescent and Young Adult Tattooing, Piercing,
A Manifestation of Child Maltreatment ...................... 1216
and Scarification ............................................................... 1210
Cheerleading Injuries: Epidemiology and
Adolescent Drug Testing Policies in Schools .......................... 1210
Recommendations for Prevention ................................. 1216
Adolescent Drug Testing Policies in Schools
Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its Impact
(Technical Report)............................................................. 1210
on Children ........................................................................ 1216
Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and Issues ............... 1210
Chemical-Management Policy: Prioritizing
Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and Issues—
Children’s Health ............................................................. 1216
Addendum ........................................................................ 1210
Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the Health
Adolescents and HIV Infection: The Pediatrician’s
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act .............. 1216
Role in Promoting Routine Testing................................ 1210
Child Fatality Review ................................................................. 1217
The Adolescent’s Right to Confidential Care When
Child Life Services ...................................................................... 1217
Considering Abortion ...................................................... 1211
Child Passenger Safety ............................................................... 1217
Advanced Practice in Neonatal Nursing ................................ 1211
Age Limit of Pediatrics .............................................................. 1211
See Appendix 1.
Age Terminology During the Perinatal Period ...................... 1211
Alcohol Use by Youth and Adolescents: Child Passenger Safety (Technical Report) ............................. 1217
A Pediatric Concern ......................................................... 1211
Allergy Testing in Childhood: Using Allergen- See Appendix 1.
Specific IgE Tests (Clinical Report) ................................ 1211
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES IX
Child Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Cord Blood Banking for Potential Future
Exploitation: Health Care Needs of Victims ................ 1217 Transplantation ................................................................. 1224
The Child Witness in the Courtroom ....................................... 1218 Corporal Punishment in Schools .............................................. 1224
Children, Adolescents, and Advertising ................................. 1218 Counseling Families Who Choose Complementary
and Alternative Medicine for Their Child
Children, Adolescents, and the Media .................................... 1218
With Chronic Illness or Disability.................................. 1224
Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media ..................... 1218
Counseling Parents and Teens About Marijuana Use
Children and Adolescents and Digital Media ........................ 1218
in the Era of Legalization of Marijuana ........................ 1224
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP):
Countering Vaccine Hesitancy .................................................. 1224
Accomplishments, Challenges, and Policy
Creating Healthy Camp Experiences ....................................... 1225
Recommendations ............................................................ 1218
Critical Elements for the Pediatric Perioperative
Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children ...................................... 1219
Anesthesia Environment ................................................. 1225
Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children (Technical Report) .... 1219
The Crucial Role of Recess in School ....................................... 1225
Circumcision Policy Statement ................................................. 1219
Dealing With the Parent Whose Judgment Is
Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children
Impaired by Alcohol or Drugs: Legal and
and Adolescents ................................................................ 1219
Ethical Considerations ..................................................... 1225
Clinical Considerations Related to the Behavioral
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department ................... 1225
Manifestations of Child Maltreatment .......................... 1220
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department
Clinical Genetic Evaluation of the Child With Mental
(Technical Report)............................................................. 1225
Retardation or Developmental Delays .......................... 1220
Definition of a Pediatrician ....................................................... 1225
Clinical Practice Policy to Protect Children From
Detention of Immigrant Children ............................................ 1226
Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke ........................ 1220
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Practice
Clinical Tools to Assess Asthma Control in Children ........... 1220
Guideline (Technical Report) .......................................... 1226
Cochlear Implants in Children: Surgical Site
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Congenital
Infections and Prevention and Treatment
Toxoplasmosis in the United States ............................... 1226
of Acute Otitis Media and Meningitis ........................... 1220
Diagnosis and Management of an Initial UTI in Febrile
Codeine: Time to Say “No” ....................................................... 1221
Infants and Young Children ........................................... 1227
Collaborative Role of the Pediatrician in the
Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar
Disorder in Adolescents .................................................. 1221 See Appendix 1.
Communicating With Children and Families: Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive
From Everyday Interactions to Skill in Sleep Apnea Syndrome ................................................... 1227
Conveying Distressing Information .............................. 1221
Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma ........ 1227
Community Pediatrics: Navigating the Intersection
Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma:
of Medicine, Public Health, and Social
Executive Summary ......................................................... 1227
Determinants of Children’s Health ............................... 1221
Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency and
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With
Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Young
Intellectual Disability or Global
Children (0–3 Years of Age) ............................................ 1228
Developmental Delays .................................................... 1221
Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Children Younger Than
Comprehensive Health Evaluation of the Newly
18 Months in the United States ...................................... 1228
Adopted Child .................................................................. 1222
Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Providing Options
Condom Use by Adolescents .................................................... 1222
Counseling for the Adolescent Patient ......................... 1228
Conflicts Between Religious or Spiritual Beliefs and
Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse ......................................... 1228
Pediatric Care: Informed Refusal, Exemptions,
and Public Funding .......................................................... 1222 Disaster Planning for Schools ................................................... 1228
Congenital Brain and Spinal Cord Malformations Disaster Preparedness in Neonatal Intensive Care Units ..... 1229
and Their Associated Cutaneous Markers ................... 1222 Disclosure of Adverse Events in Pediatrics ........................... 1229
A Consensus Statement on Health Care Transitions Dispensing Medications at the Hospital Upon
for Young Adults With Special Health Discharge From an Emergency Department ................ 1229
Care Needs ........................................................................ 1222
Distinguishing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care ................... 1223 From Child Abuse Fatalities ........................................... 1229
Consent for Emergency Medical Services for Donor Human Milk for the High-Risk Infant:
Children and Adolescents ............................................... 1223 Preparation, Safety, and Usage Options in
Consumption of Raw or Unpasteurized Milk and the United States............................................................... 1229
Milk Products by Pregnant Women and Children ...... 1223 Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Pediatric Patients
Contraception for Adolescents .................................................. 1223 Who Require Anesthesia and Surgery .......................... 1230
Contraception for Adolescents (Technical Report) ................ 1223 Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks
to Children ......................................................................... 1230
Contraception for HIV-Infected Adolescents ......................... 1223
Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks
Controversies Concerning Vitamin K and the Newborn ..... 1224
to Children (Technical Report) ....................................... 1230