Pediatric Cardiology Updates

161 Pages·1997·5.211 MB·English

by  Yong-Soo Yun (auth.), Hung-Chi Lue M.D., Ph.D. (eds.)

Springer Japan KK
Santa Clara
Singapore
H.C. Lue
(Ed.)
Pediatric Cardiology
Updates
With 49 Figures
Springer
HUNG-CHr LUE, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University;
Director and Attending Pediatric Cardiologist, Division of Pediatric Cardiology,
National Taiwan University Hospital
No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, R.O.C.
ISBN 978-4-431-65888-7 ISBN 978-4-431-65886-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-65886-3
Printed on acid-free paper
© SpringerJ apan 1997
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Tokyo in 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997
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Typesetting: Best -set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Foreword
At the time of my pediatric residency training at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in
Baltimore in the 1940s, I witnessed the birth of modern pediatric cardiology. The
successful performance of the Blalock-Taussig "blue baby" operation at Johns Hop
kins attracted worldwide attention and stirred excitement and expectations. The
explosion of new information and diagnostic techniques over the past half-century
have fulfilled many of these expectations.
The continuing quest for additional knowledge and the application of newer diag
nostic and surgical procedures are going on in many centers throughout the world.
The pediatric cardiologists in the Asian Pacific countries stand out for their scholarly
contributions, and their most recent scientific papers make up the contents of
this book. Professor Hung-Chi Lue, the editor of this volume, is the person most
responsible for the development and prominence of pediatric cardiology in the Asian
Pacific region. After completing his medical and pediatric training in his native
Taiwan, Dr. Lue spent two years in pediatric cardiology under the late Dr. Sidney
Blumenthal at the Babies Hospital, Columbia University, New York. Upon his return
to Taiwan in 1967, Dr. Lue established the Division of Pediatric Cardiology at the
National Taiwan University, which he still actively directs. Dr. Lue has held many
international offices and has received numerous awards and invitations to lecture
throughout the world. Above all, however, he is proudest of his founding and direct
ing the Cardiac Children's Foundation of the Republic of China. Our mutual interest
in the field of rheumatic fever has brought us together many times over the past 20
years. Dr. Hung-Chi Lue is an extraordinarily multitalented person and I value greatly
our friendship.
MILTON MARKOWITZ, M.D.
Emeritus Chairman and Professor of Pediatrics
University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Farmington, Connecticut, USA
v
Preface
In the mid-1990s, pediatricians and cardiologists have witnessed a number of break
throughs and advances in the field of pediatric cardiology.
The advent of powerful invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques such
as color Doppler echocardiography, computerized tomography, and magnetic
resonance imaging has revolutionized traditional diagnostic approaches, thus
making possible the diagnosis and treatment of many complex congenital heart
diseases.
Catheter-directed treatment of some congenital cardiac lesions with balloons and
stents has become the procedure of choice, although further discussion of the indica
tions and refinement of techniques are still needed. Cardiac arrhythmias in infancy
and childhood are being given more attention with the application of radio-frequency
ablation and the accumulation of considerable experience.
Recent resurgence of acute rheumatic fever in the United States, and changing
patterns of rheumatic heart disease in developing countries have once again aroused
the concern and interest of pediatricians and cardiologists worldwide. Whether the
gold standard of monthly benzathine penicillin prophylaxis for rheumatic fever
should be modified has been an issue of disagreement. Bacterial endocarditis may
effectively be prevented if appropriate measures are taken.
To update pediatric cardiology, the First Asian-Pacific Symposium on Pediatric
Cardiology was held in Taipei November 4-6, 1994. More than 20 world-class experts,
24 national delegates of the Asian-Pacific Society of Cardiology, and many other
pediatricians, cardiologists, and surgeons came to Taipei and participated in the
Symposium. The manuscripts read at the Symposium were edited and are presented
in this monograph.
We believe that the subjects included here are of special interest to pathologists,
pediatricians, cardiologists, and surgeons. This book will be of great value to the
many physicians who are caring for infants and children as well as adults with heart
disease.
The First Asian-Pacific Symposium on Pediatric Cardiology and the publication of
this monograph were made possible through the sponsorship of the International
Society and Federation of Cardiology, the R.O.C. Society of Cardiology, the Chinese
Taipei Pediatric Association, the Department of Health and the National Science
Council of the Executive Yuan, and the Cardiac Children's Foundation, R.O.C.
The editors are grateful to all speakers, moderators, and staff members of the Organiz
ing Committee, especially to Drs. C.R. Hung, W.J. Su, B.T. Hwang, M.H. Wu, J.K.
VII
VIII Preface
Wang, and C.K. Chang. We extend special thanks to the staff of Springer-Verlag
Tokyo.
HUNG-CHI LUE
Chairman
Pediatric Cardiology Committee
Asian-Pacific Society of Cardiology
Table of Contents
Foreword.......................................................... V
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI
The Diagnostic Approach to Single Ventricle
YoNG-Soo YuN ................................................... .
The Diagnostic Approach to Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Luis M. MABILANGAN............................................... 11
Diagnostic Approach to Hypoplastic Right Heart and Pulmonary
Atresia: Invasive and Noninvasive
GARY SHOLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The Diagnostic Approach to Truncus Arteriosus: Medical Aspects
M.A. ALI KHAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Transposition of the Great Arteries: Coronary Artery Anatomy
RICHARD VAN PRAAGH and MARIA G. KIAFFAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Balloon Angioplasty of Pulmonary Artery Following Arterial
Switch Operation for Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
KAZUO MOMMA, TOSHIO NAKANISHI, and YASUHARU IMAI................ 37
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum:
Right Ventricular and Coronary Artery Anatomy
RICHARD VAN PRAAGH, JoHN P APAGIANNIS,
CHRYSOULA HANIOTI, and MARIA G. KIAFFAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The Anatomy of the Ventricles and of the Atrioventricular
Valves in Single Ventricle
RICHARD vAN PRAAGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Ventricular Septation and Fontan Procedures for the
Univentricular Heart
MITSURU AOKI and YASUHARU IMAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
IX
X Table of Contents
The Future of Trans catheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Long-Term Study of 368 Procedures
M.A. ALI KHAN, SAAD AL YOUSEF, JASSIM ABDEL-HAMEED,
AHMAD NASSIR GALAL, JAW AD SHAIKH, and WILLIAM SAWYER . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Intravascular Stents in Congenital Heart Lesions
CHARLES E. MULLINS.............................................. 87
Cardiovascular Problems in Kawasaki Disease
HIROHISA KATO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease
MITSURU AOKI and YASUHARU IMAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Ventricular Arrhythmias After Corrective Surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot
REGENTE l. LAPAK, EDEN D. LATOSA, and LUIS M. MABILANGAN........... 103
Arrhythmias in Left Isomerism
KAzuo MoMMA and SuMI AIBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Children
MING-LoN YouNG and GRACES. WoLFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Lessons from the Recent Outbreaks of Rheumatic
Fever in the United States
MILTON MARKOWITZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Should the Gold Standard of Monthly Benzathine Penicillin
Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Fever Be Modified?
HUNG-CHI LUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Surgery of Valvular Heart Disease: An Update
SHu-HsuN CHu and RoN-Bm Hsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Reconsidering the Facts in the 1990s
EDWARD L. KAPLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Surgery of Pediatric Infective Endocarditis: An Update
ZEN-CHUNG WENG and SHIAU-TING LAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
List of Contributors
M.A. ALI KHAN, M.D., F.R.C.P.(E), F.A.C.C.
Professor of Pediatrics, Lorna Linda University, School of Medicine; Chief, Division of
Pediatric Cardiology, Lorna Linda University Children's Hospital, Lorna Linda, CA,
USA
MITSURU AoKI, M.D.
Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute ofJapan, Tokyo
Women's Medical College, Tokyo, Japan
SHU-HSUN CHU, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Tai
wan University; Director and Attending Surgeon, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Taipei,
Taiwan, R.O.C.
YASUHARU IMAI, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart
Institute ofJapan, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo, Japan
EDWARD L. KAPLAN, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School; Division of Pediatric
Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Variety Club Children's Hospital, Minneapolis,
MN, USA
HIROHISA KATO, M.D., D.M.Sc.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of
Medicine, Kurume, Japan
SHIAU-TING LA!, M.D.
Professor of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Director,
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospi
tal, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
HuNG-CHI LuE, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Pediatrics; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Director
and Attending Pediatric Cardiologist, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department
XI