Pediatric Cardiac Surgery PDF
Preview Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
(cid:2) Pediatric Cardiac Surgery FIFTH EDITION Editors Constantine Mavroudis, MD (cid:2) (cid:2) ChiefofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery PeytonManningChildren’sHospital Indianapolis,Indiana ProfessorEmeritusofSurgery JohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine Baltimore,Maryland Carl L. Backer, MD Chief,SectionofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery UKHealthcareKentuckyChildren’sHospital Lexington,Kentucky Professor,CardiothoracicSurgery CincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenter Cincinnati,Ohio (cid:2) (cid:2) Thisfiftheditionfirstpublished2023 ©2023byJohnWiley&SonsLtd. EditionHistory JohnWiley&Sons(4e,2013) Mosby(3e,@2003;2e,1994) Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtainpermissionto reusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisAppliedfor HardbackISBN:9781119282310 Coverimage:©Pobytov/GettyImages;CourtesyofConstantineMavroudis CoverdesignbyWiley Setin9.25/12ptPalatinobyStraive,Chennai,India (cid:2) (cid:2) Table of Contents Contributors, v Chapter10 PediatricMyocardialProtection, 191 SachinTalwarandShivKumarChoudhary PrefacetotheFifthEdition, x Chapter11 PatentArterialDuct, 213 ANoteonNomenclature, xii ElizabethH.Stephens,PaulTannous, CarlL.Backer,andConstantineMavroudis Chapter12 VascularRingsandPulmonaryArtery Chapter1 DevelopmentoftheHeartandGreat Sling, 225 Vessels, 1 CarlL.Backer,CynthiaK.Rigsby,and RamKumarSubramanyan,RobertH.Anderson, ConstantineMavroudis andPeterJ.Gruber Chapter13 CoarctationoftheAorta, 249 Chapter2 GeneticsofCongenitalHeartDisease, 25 CarlL.Backer,JosephA.Dearani,and PeterJ.Gruber ConstantineMavroudis (cid:2) Chapter3 FetalCardiacPhysiologyandFetalCardiac Chapter14 InterruptedAorticArch, 279 (cid:2) Intervention, 35 DilipS.NathandRichardA.Jonas TimothyS.Lancaster,JacobR.Miller,andPirooz Chapter15 AtrialSeptalDefect,PartialAnomalous Eghtesady PulmonaryVenousConnection,andScimitar Chapter4 PreoperativeDiagnosticEvaluation, 47 Syndrome, 299 BarbaraJ.Deal,AmandaL.Hauck,SabrinaTsao, CarlL.Backer,PaulTannous,and AngiraPatel,SimonLee,andDoffB. ConstantineMavroudis McElhinney Chapter16 VentricularSeptalDefect, 317 Chapter5 HybridProceduresforCongenitalHeart ConstantineMavroudis,CarlL.Backer,and Disease, 87 RobertH.Anderson HakanAkintuerk,DietmarSchranz,andNorbert Voelkel Chapter17 AtrioventricularSeptalDefects, 361 CarlL.BackerandConstantineMavroudis Chapter6 AnesthesiaforthePatientwithCongenital HeartDisease, 99 Chapter18 CommonArterialTrunk, 383 H.JayPrzybylo ConstantineMavroudisandCarlL.Backer Chapter7 PerioperativeCare, 113 Chapter19 AortopulmonaryWindowandAorticOrigin MjayeL.Mazwi,CarlL.Backer, ofaPulmonaryArtery, 409 JohnM.Costello,andConstantineMavroudis StephanieFullerandRobertH.Anderson Chapter8 PalliativeOperations, 143 Chapter20 IsolatedRightVentricularOutflowTract CarlL.BackerandConstantineMavroudis Obstruction, 419 AliDodge-KhatamiandChristopherE.Greenleaf Chapter9 ManagementofPediatricCardiopulmonary Bypass, 161 Chapter21 TetralogyofFallot, 431 NicholasD.Andersen,JamesM.Meza,and AliDodge-Khatami,PeterChen,and JosephW.Turek ConstantineMavroudis iii (cid:2) (cid:2) iv TableofContents Chapter22 TetralogyofFallotwithPulmonaryAtresia Chapter37 AnomalousSystemicVenous andMajorAortopulmonaryCollaterals, 463 Connections, 801 MatthewLiava’aandYvesd’Udekem HenryL.WaltersIIIandRalphE.Delius Chapter23 VentriculartoPulmonaryArtery Chapter38 ConnectiveTissueDisorders, 821 Conduits, 481 CharlesD.FraserIII,TrevorA.Ellison, JohnW.BrownandJeremyL.Herrmann DukeE.Cameron,andLucaA.Vricella Chapter24 Double-OutletRightVentricle, 499 Chapter39 CoronaryArteryAnomalies, 835 ConstantineMavroudis,CarlL.Backer,and ConstantineMavroudis,AliDodge-Khatami, RobertH.Anderson andCarlL.Backer Chapter25 TranspositionoftheGreatArteries, 539 Chapter40 CardiacTumors, 867 ConstantineMavroudis,CarlL.Backer,and RüdigerLangeandThomasGünther JeremyL.Herrmann Chapter41 DiseasesofthePericardium, 883 Chapter26 CongenitallyCorrectedTranspositionofthe ElizabethH.StephensandVictorO.Morell GreatArteries, 581 Chapter42 SurgicalandTranscatheterManagementof TomR.KarlandJeffreyP.Jacobs Arrhythmias, 895 Chapter27 TheFunctionallyUniventricularHeart, 601 BarbaraJ.DealandConstantineMavroudis PeterSassalos,Ming-SingSi,JenniferC. Chapter43 PediatricHeartTransplantation, 921 Romano,EdwardL.Bove,andRichardG.Ohye CharlesB.HuddlestonandAndrewC.Fiore Chapter28 FontanConversion, 629 Chapter44 LungandHeart–LungTransplantation, 941 ConstantineMavroudis,BarbaraJ.Deal,and CharlesB.HuddlestonandAndrewC.Fiore CarlL.Backer Chapter45 EndocarditisinPatientswithCongenital Chapter29 EbsteinMalformation, 649 HeartDisease, 957 KimberlyA.HolstandJosephA.Dearani PeterD.WeardenandConstantineMavroudis (cid:2) (cid:2) Chapter30 LeftVentricularOutflowTract Chapter46 PediatricMechanicalCirculatory Obstruction, 669 Support, 983 WilliamM.DeCampliand MichellePloutz,AngelaLorts,and KamalK.Pourmoghadam DavidL.S.Morales Chapter31 HypertrophicCardiomyopathy, 705 Chapter47 AdultCongenitalHeartDisease, 999 WilliamM.DeCampliand MariaDrakopoulou,KonstantinosDimopoulos, KamalK.Pourmoghadam StamatiaPrapa,DarrylF.Shore,StellaBrili,and MichaelGatzoulis Chapter32 HypoplasticLeftHeartSyndrome, 719 ChunSooParkandJamesS.Tweddell Chapter48 BioethicsinCongenitalHeartSurgery, 1055 ConstantineMavroudis,ConstantineD. Chapter33 Aorto-LeftVentricularTunnel, 743 Mavroudis,ThomasCook,CatherineL. JeremyL.HerrmannandStephanieFuller Mavroudis,AllisonSiegel,andAlexGolden Chapter34 CongenitalAnomaliesoftheMitral Chapter49 EducationinCongenitalCardiac Valve, 749 Surgery, 1087 PerryS.ChoiandSitaramM.Emani ConstantineD.Mavroudis,Constantine Chapter35 TotalAnomalousPulmonaryVenous Mavroudis,CarlL.Backer,andRichardH.Feins Connection, 771 RachelD.Vanderlaanand ChristopherA.Caldarone Index, 1095 Chapter36 CorTriatriatum,PulmonaryVeinStenosis, andAtresiaoftheCommonPulmonary Vein, 787 ConstantineD.Mavroudis,RobertH.Anderson, andConstantineMavroudis (cid:2) (cid:2) Contributors Editors DianeSpicer,PA CongenitalHeartCenter ConstantineMavroudis,MD UniversityofFlorida ChiefofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery Gainesville,FL,USA PeytonManningChildren’sHospital Indianapolis,IN,USA ProfessorEmeritusofSurgery Contributors JohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine Baltimore,MD,USA HakanAkintuerk,MD PediatricHeartCenter CarlL.Backer,MD Justus-LiebigUniversity Chief,SectionofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery Giessen,Germany UKHealthcareKentuckyChildren’sHospital Lexington,KY,USA NicholasD.Andersen,MD Professor,CardiothoracicSurgery AssistantProfessorofSurgery HeartInstitute,CincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenter DepartmentofThoracicandCardiovascularSurgery (cid:2) Cincinnati,OH,USA DukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine (cid:2) Durham,NC,USA Associate Editors EdwardL.Bove,MD EmeritusProfessorofSurgery RobertH.Anderson,MD,PhD Chair,DepartmentofCardiacSurgery ProfessorEmeritus SectionofPediatricCardiovascularSurgery InstituteofGeneticMedicine UniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool NewcastleUniversity AnnArbor,MI,USA NewcastleuponTyne,UK StellaBrili,MD JeffreyP.Jacobs,MD,FACS,FACC,FCCP FirstDepartmentofCardiology ProfessorofSurgeryandPediatrics AthensMedicalSchool CongenitalHeartCenter NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens DivisionofCardiovascularSurgery HippokrationHospital DepartmentofSurgery Athens,Greece UniversityofFlorida Gainesville,FL,USA JohnW.Brown,MD HarrisB.ShumackerProfessorEmeritusofSurgery CynthiaK.Rigsby,MD IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine DepartmentHead Indianapolis,IN,USA DepartmentofMedicalImaging Ann&RobertH.LurieChildren’sHospitalofChicago ChristopherA.Caldarone,MD ProfessorofRadiologyandPediatrics Chief,CongenitalHeartSurgery NorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine TexasChildren’sHospital Chicago,IL,USA Houston,TX,USA v (cid:2) (cid:2) vi Contributors DukeE.Cameron,MD KonstantinosDimopoulos,MD CardiothoracicSurgeon ProfessorofAdultCongenitalHeartDisease DivisionofCardiacSurgery AdultCongenitalHeartCentre TheMassachusettsGeneralHospital RoyalBromptonHospital Boston,MA,USA NationalHeartandLungInstitute ImperialCollegeLondon PeterChen,MD London,UK PediatricCardiothoracicSurgery MemorialHermannHospital AliDodge-Khatami,MD,PhD AssistantProfessor ProfessorofCardiacSurgery DivisionofPediatricCardiovascularSurgery ClinicforPediatricandCongenitalHeartSurgery McGovernMedicalSchoolUniversityofTexasHealthScience UniversityofAachenRWTH Center Aachen,Germany Houston,TX,USA MariaDrakopoulou,MD PerryS.Choi,MD AdultCongenitalHeartCentre SurgicalResident RoyalBromptonHospital DepartmentofCardiothoracicSurgery NationalHeartandLungInstitute StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine ImperialCollegeLondon Stanford,CA,USA London,UK FirstDepartmentofCardiology ShivKumarChoudhary,MD AthensMedicalSchool DepartmentofCardiothoracicandVascularSurgery NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences HippokrationHospital, NewDelhi,India Athens,Greece ThomasCook,PhD Yvesd’Udekem,MD,PhD ProfessorofPhilosophy Chief,SectionofPediatricCardiacSurgery RollinsCollege Children’sNationalHospital DepartmentofPhilosophy Washington,DC,USA (cid:2) WinterPark,FL,USA (cid:2) PiroozEghtesady,MD JohnM.Costello,MD,MPH Chief,SectionofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery ViceChairofClinicalResearch,DepartmentofPediatrics StLouisChildren’sHospital DirectorofResearch,Children’sHeartCenter ProfessorofPediatricsandSurgery MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolinaChildren’sHospital WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine Charleston,SC,USA St.Louis,MO,USA BarbaraJ.Deal,MD TrevorA.Ellison,MD,PhD ProfessorEmeritus AttendingCardiacSurgeon PediatricCardiology MountCarmelHealthSystem NorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine Columbus,OH,USA Chicago,IL,USA SitaramM.Emani,MD JosephA.Dearani,MD Associate,DepartmentofCardiacSurgery Chair,DepartmentofCardiovascularSurgery SurgicalDirector,AdultCongenitalHeartProgram MayoClinic BostonChildren’sHospital ProfessorofSurgery AssociateProfessorofSurgery MayoClinicCollegeofMedicine HarvardMedicalSchool Rochester,MN,USA Boston,MA,USA WilliamM.DeCampli,MD,PhD RichardH.Feins,MD PediatricCardiovascularSurgeon ProfessorofSurgery TheHeartCenter DivisionofCardiothoracicSurgery OrlandoHealthArnoldPalmerHospitalforChildren UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill Orlando,FL,USA ChapelHill,NC,USA RalphE.Delius,MD AndrewC.Fiore,MD FormerViceChief,DepartmentofCardiovascularSurgery CardinalGlennonHospital Children’sHospitalofMichigan St.Louis,MO,USA WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine Detroit,MI,USA (cid:2) (cid:2) Contributors vii CharlesD.FraserIII,MD JeremyL.Herrmann,MD ExecutiveDirector AttendingSurgeon TexasCenterforPediatricandCongenitalHeartDisease RileyHospitalforChildren Professor,DepartmentsofSurgeryandPerioperativeCare AssistantProfessorofSurgery DellMedicalSchool DivisionofCardiothoracicSurgery Austin,TX,USA IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine Indianapolis,IN,USA StephanieFuller,MD AttendingSurgeon KimberlyA.Holst,MD DivisionofCardiovascular-ThoracicSurgery DepartmentofCardiovascularSurgery Children’sHospitalofPhiladelphia MayoClinic ProfessorofClinicalSurgery Rochester,MN,USA DepartmentofSurgery UniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine CharlesB.Huddleston,MD Philadelphia,PA,USA ProfessorofSurgery CardinalGlennonChildren’sHospital MichaelGatzoulis,MD DepartmentofCardiothoracicSurgery AcademicHead St.LouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine AdultCongenitalHeartCentre St.Louis,MO,USA RoyalBromptonHospital NationalHeartandLungInstitute RichardA.Jonas,MD ImperialCollegeLondon EmeritusChief,CardiacSurgery London,UK Children’sNationalHospital Washington,DC,USA AlexGolden,MD ClinicalDirector,InpatientCardiology TomR.Karl,MS,MD,FRACS ConnecticutChildren’sMedicalCenter QueenslandPediatricCardiacService AssistantProfessorofPediatrics UniversityofQueensland UniversityofConnecticutSchoolofMedicine Brisbane,Australia Hartford,CT,USA (cid:2) (cid:2) TimothyS.Lancaster,MD,MS ChristopherE.Greenleaf,MD ThoracicSurgeryFellow PediatricCardiothoracicSurgery SectionofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery MemorialHermannHospital St.LouisChildren’sHospital AssistantProfessorofPediatricandCongenitalHeartSurgery WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine DepartmentofPediatricSurgery St.Louis,MO,USA McGovernMedicalSchool UniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenter RüdigerLange,MD,PhD Houston,TX,USA DepartmentofCardiovascularSurgery GermanHeartCenter PeterJ.Gruber,MD,PhD Munich,Germany Chief,PediatricCardiacSurgery YaleNewHavenChildren’sHospital SimonLee,MD ProfessorofSurgery PediatricCardiologist YaleSchoolofMedicine TheHeartCenter NewHaven,CT,USA NationwideChildren’s ThomasGünther,MD Columbus,OH,USA DepartmentofCardiovascularSurgery MatthewLiava’a,MBChB,MS,FRACS GermanHeartCenter Munich,Germany CardiacSurgeryDepartment RoyalChildren’sHospital AmandaL.Hauck,MD Melbourne,Australia AttendingPhysician DivisionofCardiology AngelaLorts,MD Ann&RobertH.LurieChildren’sHospitalofChicago PediatricCardiology AssistantProfessorofPediatrics CincinnatiChildren’sMedicalCenter NorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine UniversityofCincinnatiCollegeofMedicine Chicago,IL,USA Cincinnati,OH,USA (cid:2) (cid:2) viii Contributors CatherineL.Mavroudis,MD DilipS.Nath,MD SurgicalResident PediatricCardiacSurgeon DepartmentofSurgery St.LouisChildren’sHospital UniversityofPennsylvania St.Louis,MO,USA Philadelphia,PA,USA RichardG.Ohye,MD ConstantineD.Mavroudis,MD,MSc,MTR ProfessorandAssociateChair,DepartmentofCardiacSurgery PediatricCardiothoracicSurgery Head,SectionofPediatricCardiovascularSurgery Children’sHospitalofPhiladelphia UniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool AssistantProfessorofSurgery AnnArbor,MI,USA PerelmanSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPennsylvania Philadelphia,PA,USA ChunSooPark,MD,PhD PediatricCardiacSurgery MjayeL.Mazwi,MD ThoracicandCardiovascularSurgery StaffPhysician,CriticalCareMedicine CongenitalHeartDiseaseCenter TheHospitalforSickChildren AsanMedicalCenter AssistantProfessorofPediatrics UniversityofUlsanCollegeofMedicine UniversityofTorontoSchoolofMedicine Seoul,SouthKorea Toronto,Ontario,Canada AngiraPatel,MD,MPH DoffB.McElhinney,MD AttendingPhysician PediatricCardiologist DivisionofCardiology DepartmentofCardiothoracicSurgery Ann&RobertH.LurieChildren’sHospitalofChicago LucillePackardChildren’sHospital AssistantProfessorofPediatrics,MedicalHumanitiesand ProfessorofCardiothoracicSurgeryandPediatrics Bioethics StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter NorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine PaloAlto,CA,USA Chicago,IL,USA JamesM.Meza,MD MichellePloutz,MD,MPH DivisionofThoracicandCardiovascularSurgery AssistantProfessorofPediatrics (cid:2) DepartmentofSurgery (cid:2) DivisionofPediatricCardiology DukeUniversityMedicalCenter UniversityofUtah Durham,NC,USA SaltLakeCity,UT,USA JacobR.Miller,MD CongenitalCardiacSurgeryFellow KamalK.Pourmoghadam,MD SectionofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery TheHeartCenter St.LouisChildren’sHospital OrlandoHealthArnoldPalmerHospitalforChildren WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine Orlando,FL,USA St.Louis,MO,USA StamatiaPrapa,MD DavidL.S.Morales,MD AdultCongenitalHeartCentre PediatricCardiothoracicSurgery RoyalBromptonHospital CincinnatiChildren’sMedicalCenter NationalHeartandLungInstitute ProfessorofSurgery ImperialCollegeLondon UniversityofCincinnatiCollegeofMedicine London,UK Cincinnati,OH,USA H.JayPrzybylo,MD VictorO.Morell,MD FormerAssociateProfessorofAnesthesiology Chief,PediatricCardiothoracicSurgery NorthwesternUniversity Children’sHospitalofPittsburgh FeinbergSchoolofMedicine EugeneS.WienerProfessorofPediatricCardiothoracicSurgery Chicago,IL,USA UniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenterHeartandVascular Institute AtharQureshi,MD Pittsburgh,PA,USA PediatricCardiologist ClevelandClinicChildren’sHospital MuhammadAliMumtaz,MD Cleveland,OH,USA SectionChief,CardiothoracicSurgery TheChildren’sHospitalofSanAntonio SanAntonio,TX,USA (cid:2)
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