Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

240 Pages·2000·5.92 MB·English

by  Sue Ellen Koehler Carpenter

Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2nd Ed (August 2000): By Sue Ellen K Carpenter MD, John A Rock MD By Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers
By OkDoKeY
Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Contents
Editors
Dedication
Contributing Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Color Plates
Introduction
1. Genetics of Sexual Differentiation
Joe Leigh Simpson
2.Normal Growth and Development of the Genitalia in Infancy and Childhood
Andrew S. Cook
3. Normal Pubertal Development
Sander S. Shapiro and Joel S. Krasnow
4. Gynecologic Examination of the Adolescent
Sandra Ann Carson
The Prepubertal Child
5. Congenital Defects of the External Genitalia in the Newborn and Prepubertal Child
Claude J. Migeon and Gary D. Berkovitz
6. Surgical Management of Genital Ambiguity
Mark R. Feneley and John P. Gearhart
7. Psychological Aspects of Sexual Differentiation Disorders
Sarah E. Herbert
8. Trauma to the Female Perineum
David L. Dudgeon and Enrique R. Grisoni
9. Vulvar Disease in the Prepubertal Child
Wilberto Nieves-Neira, Bhagirath Majmudar, and Ira R. Horowitz
10. Vaginal Discharge and Vaginal Bleeding in Childhood
Michele D. Wilson
11. Precocious Puberty
Leslie Plotnick
The Adolescent
12. The Menstrual Cycle
13. Adolescent Amenorrhea
Thomas M. Price and G. William Bates
14. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Spencer S. Richlin and John A. Rock
15. Dysmenorrhea
John S. Hesla
16. Premenstrual Syndrome
William R. Keye, Jr.
17. Hirsutism in the Pediatric or Adolescent Patient
Ricardo Azziz
18. Pelvic Pain in Children and Adolescents
Betsy Schroeder and Joseph S. Sanfilippo
19. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Jean Anderson
20. Uterovaginal Anomalies
Mark A. Damario and John A. Rock
21. Adolescent Sexuality
Melinda B. Stein, Peter J. Fagan, and Sue Ellen Koehler Carpenter
22. Adolescent Contraception and Abortion
Vanessa E. Cullins and George R. Huggins
23. Tumors of the Vulva
Robert A. Ambros and Robert J. Kurman
24. Malignant Neoplasms of the Vagina and Cervix in the Neonate, Child, and Adolescent
Carol M. Choi, Bhagirath Majmudar, and Ira R. Horowitz
25. Tumors of the Uterine Corpus and Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Lesley L. Breech and Janet S. Rader
26. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Ovary
Ira R. Horowitz, Ricardo Sainz De La Cuesta, and Bhagirath Majmudar
27. Breast Diseases: Benign and Malignant
Eric A. Wiebke, John E. Niederhuber, and Gary A. Glasser
28. Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse
Nancy N. Fajman
29. Gynecologic Care for the Mentally Handicapped Individual
Sue Ellen Koehler Carpenter
EDITORS
SUE ELLEN KOEHLER CARPENTER, M.D.
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology
Crawford Long Hospital
Emory Clinic;
Assistant Professor
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
JOHN A. ROCK, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
To Our Families
Contributing Authors
Robert A. Ambros, M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
Jean Anderson, M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Ricardo Azziz, M.D., M.P.H. Professor, Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
G. William Bates, M.D. Clinical Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
Gary D. Berkovitz, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Lesley L. Breech, M.D. Instructor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Sue Ellen Koehler Carpenter, M.D. Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Crawford Long Hospital, Emory Clinic; Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology
and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Sandra Ann Carson, M.D. Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Chief, Baylor Assisted Reproductive Technology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030
Carol M. Choi, M.D. Attending Physician, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The University Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and
Obstetrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
Andrew S. Cook, M.D. Private practice, Metairie, Louisiana 70002
Vanessa E. Cullins, M.D., M.P.H. Vice President and Medical Director, Department of Technical Resources, AVSC International, New York, New York 10001
Mark A. Damario, M.D. Consultant and Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
David L. Dudgeon, M.D. Director, Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital; Professor, Department of Surgery and
Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Peter J. Fagan, M.D. Sexual Behaviors Consultation Unit, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Nancy N. Fajman, M.D., M.P.H. Medical Director, Egleston Child Protection Program, Egleston Children’s Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of General
Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Mark R. Feneley, M.D., F.R.C.S.(UROL.)The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School Of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
John P. Gearhart, M.D. Chief, Department of Pediatric Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; Professor, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
Gary A. Glasser, M.D. Atlanta Gynecology and Obstetrics, Decatur, Georgia 30030; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
Enrique R. Grisoni, M.D. Director, Pediatric Trauma, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital; Associate Professor, Departments of
Surgery and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Sarah E. Herbert, M.D. Director, Psychiatry Obstetrics Consultation/Liaison Service, Department of Psychiatry, Grady Health System; Assistant Professor, Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
John S. Hesla, M.D. Portland Center for Reproductive Medicine, Portland, Oregon 97210
Ira R. Horowitz, M.D. Director, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University Hospital; Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Gynecology and
Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
George R. Huggins, M.D. Professor and Chairman, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
Eugene Katz, M.D. Director, The GBMC Fertility Center, The Greater Baltimore Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21204
William R. Keye, Jr., M.D. Director, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073; Clinical Associate Professor,
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Joel S. Krasnow, M.D. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women’s Endocrine Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
Robert J. Kurman, M.D. Director, Gynecologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Richard Te Linde Distinguished Professor, Gynecologic
Pathology, Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
Bhagirath Majmudar, M.D. Chief, Department of Pathology, Grady Health System; Professor, Department of Pathology, Associate Professor, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Claude J. Migeon, M.D. Director, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
John E. Niederhuber, M.D. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305
Wilberto Nieves-Neira, M.D. Clinical Fellow, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jackson Memorial Hospital; Clinical Assistant, Department of Gynecology and
Obstetrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
Leslie Plotnick, M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
Thomas M. Price, M.D. Director, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, South Carolina 29605; Associate Professor,
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29203
Janet S. Rader, M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Spencer S. Richlin, M.D. Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
Georgia 30322
John A. Rock, M.D. Professor and Chairman, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Ricardo Sainz De La Cuesta, M.D. Formerly at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University Hospital and Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Joseph S. Sanfilippo, M.D. Chairman, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Allegheny General Hospital; Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212
Betsy Schroeder, M.D. Director, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine,
Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212
Sander S. Shapiro, M.D. Director, Department of Reproductive Endocrine Service, University Hospital; Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
Joe Leigh Simpson, M.D. Ernst W. Bertner Chairman and Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Melinda B. Stein, M.D. Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21244
, M.D. Attending Physician, IVF Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, German Hospital at Istanbul, Taksim, Istanbul, Turkey
Eric A. Wiebke, M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
Michele D. Wilson, M.D. Assistant Physician and Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104
Preface
This book brings a multidisciplinary approach to the gynecologic care of infants, children, and adolescents. The editors are truly fortunate to have outstanding
contributors from the fields of pediatrics, urology, psychology, surgery, and gynecology, who discuss the recognition and treatment of medical illness in these specific
age groups. The pathophysiology of disease is stressed. Knowledgeable handling of pediatric patients requires a background in genetics and developmental biology.
Genital examination requires forethought and gentleness, particularly in children, so variations from a standard examination are discussed. Ultrasonography and
laparoscopy have enhanced our ability to diagnose routine gynecologic complaints of children and adolescents, but new norms for their use must be established.
Since the publication of our first edition, the field of pediatric and adolescent gynecology has matured. New contributions to our understanding of this patient population
have been made, clinical experience has grown and been documented, and exciting improvements in preventive care have occurred. Nonetheless, this population still
tends to be underserved. The demands for quality care affect many specialties, including family practice, pediatrics, urology, pediatric surgery, and pediatric and
reproductive endocrinology.
The fertility potential and gynecologic and psychosexual health of our youngest patients must be protected; it is essential that we provide quality care for a wide variety
of complaints. We hope that this book will assist those who are called upon to deliver expert care for gynecologic complaints in infants, children, and adolescents.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the assistance of Glenda Walker in the preparation of this manuscript. We also thank Lisa McAllister and Gina Gerace of Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins. We are especially grateful to the many fine contributors whose experience and research is represented in this book.
Sue Ellen Koehler Carpenter
John A. Rock
Color Plates
Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Color Plates
COLOR PLATE 1. Warthin-Starry stain from a biopsy of condyloma lata showing numerous spirochetes. (This figure is printed in black and white as FIG. 9.4.)
COLOR PLATE 2. Centrally umbilicated lesion of molluscum contagiosum on the lip of a child. (This figure is printed in black and white as FIG. 9.5.)
COLOR PLATE 3. Confluent, velvety, verrucous lesions of vulva and anal canal due to condyloma acuminata. (This figure is printed in black and white as FIG. 9.13.)
COLOR PLATE 4. Microscopic section of condyloma acuminata showing papillomatosis of the epidermis. Intense inflammation is seen in the upper dermis. (This figure
is printed in black and white as FIG. 9.14.)
COLOR PLATE 5. Sarcoma botryoides. Grape-like edematous, polypoid mass extruding from the vagina of a child. (This figure is printed in black and white as FIG.
24.1.)