Pedagogy of the Heart PDF
Preview Pedagogy of the Heart
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Byt heA uthoofr n n Pedagogy o o Z Z oft he -I -I - - Z Z Oppressed C C C C � � PAU LO FREIRE OTHERB OOKSB Y PAULOF REIRE FROMC ONTINUUM Pedagoogfty h eO ppressed PEDAGOGY EducatfiooCrnr itiCcoanls ciousness Pedagoogfty h eC ity OF THE HEART PedagoogfHy o pe RelivinUgP edagoofgt yh eO ppressed" NOTESB Y ANA MARIA ARAOJo FREIRE TranslabtyDe odn alMdaac edo andA lexanOdlriev eira ForewboyrM da rtCianr noy PrefbaycL ea disDloawub or CONTINUUM NEW YORK Contents Foroerwdb yM artin Carnoy 7 2000 Precfeab yL adisDloawub o2r1 The ContinuPuumb lisChoimnpgan y 370L exingAtvoenn ue NewY orkN,Y 10017 Undetrh Seh adoefa M angnoe e 29 Copyrig©h 1t9 9b7y A naM ariAar auFjroe ire Solitude-Commu2n9i on LifSeu ppoarntd t heW orld3 2 Allr ightrse servNeodp .a rotft hibso omka yb er eprodusctedo,r ed in ar etriseyvsatle omrt, r ansmiint taendyf, o romr b ya nym eans, My FirWsotr ld3 7 electrmoenchiacn,i cpahlo,t ocopryeicnogr,d oiron tgh,e rwise, Hope4 2 withoutth ew rittpeenr mis'si0To£hn eC ontinuPuumb lisChoimnpgan y. TheL imit of th5e 1 Right Printientd h Ue niteSdt atoefAs m erica NeolibearnadlP sr ogressi5v5e s LibroafC ryo ngCraetsasl ogingD-aitna- Publication DemocraAtdimci nistra5t9i on FreiPraeu,l 1o9,2 1- Lessofnrso mE xil6e6 [As ombrdae sta manEnglishgu)e ira. The" Leftasnlldth e Right7 6 Pedagoogfty h ehe artIP aulFor ei)r neotebsy Seriousannde Hsasp pine8s9s AnaM ariAar auFjroe irter anslbaytD eonda ldMoa cedaon d AlexanOdlriev eI ifroar ewobrdyM artCianm oy. Dilaogis9m2 pI . cm. My Faitahn dH ope1 01 Includes biblrieofgrearpeh(nipcc.e)a s.l ISBN0- 8264-113(1p-b2k .): a lkp.a per I.P olitaincdes d ucatio2n..P opuleadtu cation. NotebsyA naM ariaAI auiFor eire 3.P olitaincdes d ucation-Br4a.ziP lo.p uleadtu cation-Brazil. 109 I.F reiArnea,M ariAar auj1o9,3 3-• 11. Title. LC71.F7411939 7 3701.1' 5-dc21 97-15797 C1P Foreword BYM ARTINC ARNOYS,T ANFORDU NIVESRITY The latPea ulFor eiwraest hem osti mporteandtu catooftr h e seconhda lofft hicse ntuHreyw .a sa lsaop olitaicctailv ist-a passionate prwohgroeb sesliiveeiv net dh ei nseparaobfi lity learninfgr omp oliticcoanls ciousanneds spo ofl iticcoanl sciousnfersospm o litaicctailo n. In thibso okP,a ulFor eilroeo kisn thoi os wnl ifteor eflect one ducatainodnp olitpioclsi,t aincdes d ucatiHoen .r eveals himsealsfa n uncompromidseimnogc raantd u nrepentant radicraelf ormHeer l.i vetdh roumgihl itraruyl eex,i laen,d even htohled ionfpg o litpiocwaelar sS aoP auloS'esc retoafr y EducatiIontn h.a otf fichee,m adep olifcoytr h ee ducatoifo n hundreodfts h ousaonfdp su piAllslo. f t heseex periehnacvees onliyn creahsiesd committmote nhtee xcludtehdep, o wer lestsh,em arginaltihzehe udn,g ,rt yhei lliterate. Mucho ft heb ooki sa bouBtr azainld p articular issues of Brazilpioalni tBircasz.ii sil n m anyw aysu niquOen.e o f the greatn ew industercioanlo mies, enowremaolutshalyny d enormoupsoloyri ,th ast hem ostu nequianlc omdei stribution ofa nyo ft hew orldm'asj ocro untrIitepsso .l itsiycsatle m, multipaarntdhy i ghdleym ocraattoi nce l eveils, srtuinol nl theb asoifsc1 ienteliinw shmicoph,o litimcaiianntsa pionw er byu sinpgu blriecs ourfcoervs e rsyp ecipfirci vaitnet erests. Anda, lthouagsFh r eiarreg uetsh,ee ducatisoynsatlei msn ow internadlelmyo craitnmi acn ym unicipaliitit soi neeso ,ft he mosts tratiafinedld e ast accessible in Latin America. Even witrha pid enroglrlomwetinhntt h ep astte ny earosn,l ayb out 8 • F ORBWO RD F ORBWO RD • 9 comegl obalizeGdl.o balizdaoteinsoo nt s implmye an inter one-thoifrfi df teenn-itnoe-teen-yeaatrt-eonslded cso ndary natiotnraald aen dm ovemenotfsc apitaanldl aboIrn.t hat schooTlea.c herssa'l ariesf ahlaldverena sticdaulrliynt gh at sensteh,ee conomhya sa lwabyese gnl ob.Ta hler ececnhta nge samep eri(oadis n m ucho ft her esotfL atiAnm ericaan)dt, h e represae pnrtosf ousnhdi offte conomitci maen ds pacfer,o m conditiionbn ass iecd ucatairodene speraptoeolry. Eveifn P au10 Fwraesifi rresa tn df oremost Broarez vielni an, thel ocaaln dn ationianltt oh eg lobaarle nAa .c ommuni catioannsdi nformarteivoonl uthiasom na det hissh ipfots si morep articyu,la a Nrolrtheast Brfarzoimtl hieca rna,d olfe bleb,u ts oh ast hes preoafdl ower-tiencdhu sttreicahln ology, Luso-Afro-Amceirviiclainz ahtiisio dne,a s iantr hee w orld educatiaonndl, a rgaec cumulatoifoc nasp ittaoal r eaosu t andf romt hew orlHde. i sa na nomalaym onge ducatboers sidoef t heU nited Stateasx/iEPsur.ro odpuec tiiosln e ss and causheei st ruilnyt ernatiHoeni asal s.w elkln owni nN icara lescso nducitneo dn el ocatoiroe nv einn o nec ountCrayp.i tal guao ri nF rancaesh ei si nB razHiel a.l shoa sa ne normous and laboarn dk nowledagreei ncreasicnognlcye iovefid n: followiinnt gh eU niteSdt atenso,tj usamto ng intellectuals global tWehramtse.v tehrep owerfruollo ef c apitflaolw si n buta mongp rimasrcyh otoela chanedr sa du1etd ucators. influencniantgi ondaelv elopmiennt th ep ast, these have Soh iBsr aziltihaonu ghtasd drewsosr ldilsys uWees i.n t he beeenx pandpeadr,t icuilnat rhley spbeywe hdi ch cacpaint al Nortnhe etdo pmauyc hg reataetrt enttioto hne mF.o rb etter movef romc ounttroyc ountrayn,db yt hev ersyiz eo ft he orw orswe,e havee ntertehdeg lobaaglea ndw e enterietd movements. togetwhietrPh a ulFor eithree B,r azilNioarndt eisnsoi,t tiinn g Theg lobalizoaftn iaotni onaanld l ocaelc onomiiess thes hadoefh imsa ngo t* rOeure s.o cicaoln ditmiaoyna ppear changintgh eu nderlyibnags oifst hnea tion-sTthaect aep.i tal tob ea ltogedthiefrf erbeuntat sw, e p usbhe lotwh es urfaocfe isnta tion-sitnta hteep erioofda griculteuxpraanls ianodn oure verydlaiyv ewse,fi nd thatq uteshtei woena sr ea sking industrialwiazsal atrigoendl eyfi neidn t ermosf t heb ound ourselrveeqsu itrhees amel argceorn sideraFtrieoinarsde. arioefsi tnsa tiornaawl- matebraisanela, t ioinnadlu starnieds , dressperso gresseivveersy wheurregi,nt gh emt or emaianc nationmaalr keTto.e xpanedc onomaincd p olitical control, tivaeu,t hendteimco,c rantoincs,e ctaarnidua nni,f ying. But to natiohnasd t oo ccupmyo ret erritLoorsyi.ne gc onomaincd dot hihse,a rguesp,r ogressmiuvsetcs o ntinuoeuxsalmyi ne politiccoanlt rmoela ntl ositnegr ritTohraytd. e finitiiso n theiurn derlysitnrga teNgeiwe cso.n ditidoenmsa nnde wa n changivnegr qyu ickAlsyg .l obalizcahtainognte hsec oncept swertsos omeo ft hes ameo lddi fficquulets tiWohnast:i st he ofe conomtiicm ea nds pacteh,ep olitciocnatlr ol vested in roloefa progresspiovlei tiintc hse w orlsdy stenmo,w a n ew natiotnearlr itcohrainegsNe ast.i on-ssttaitlels ahr aovlieen global-infoercmoantoimoWynh? a ti st her oloefp rogressive influencitnhgec ourosfet hedierv elopmTehnetya. l shoa vae intellecAtnudaw lhsa?ti st her oloefd emocraetdiucc ation I rangoefp olicchyo icfersa mebdyp olitifcoarlc Wees can. see againno wi nt hei nformaatgieoTh?ne sea rqeu estijounsasts thisi nt hev arieotfya pproacthoec sa pitalist development fundamenttoat lh osweh ow antp rogrescshiavnegi en t he founadm onhgi ghilnyd ustricaoluinzterdBi uetts h.ie n creased Nortahs t heayr et oP aulo Freire. competiftoicroa np iatnadlf ogro odasn ds ervimcaedsep ossi Whata rteh esnee wc onditiThoen fisr?s itst hat world econ blepa rtblyyt hein formatiaonnd c ommunicatiroenvso lution omyh asc hangperdo founidntl hyep asgte nreatiIotnh .a sb e- hasc hangtehdec onditiaonndps o ssibifloinrta iteiso pnoalli cieNsa.t ion(aaln ldo caplo)l ittiocdsa iysi ncreasicnoglny ·Thoer iginal titolfet hibso oik sA Sombrdae stMaangu eira,t ranslaast ed strainteods hapitnhgec ulturoefg lobcaalip taliass imt i s "undetrh seh adoeft himsa ngot ree." 10 • FORE W 0 R D F O R EWO RD 11 maneisftneadit noayl alndl ocaElcloyn.om igcl obalization tioinn aisno laDtaerdw,i nisatnr ugfgolsreu rvivCaolm.p eti meantsh egl obalizaotfli oocnsa olc imaolv emenLtosc.a plo li� tioins n otj uslto coalre venna tionIatil sg. l obaBlr.a zilian ticmse anst hleo calizoafgt lioobnca alp italLioscmab.le comes capictoamlp etaegsa inFsrte ncwho;r keirnsS aoP aulaog ainst globaaln dg lobbaelc omelso cal. workeirnsS hanghTih.en eolibsetraatiles l efttof acilitate Moderpno lithiacssa lwaybse eni ntertwwiinetdhe co competitainodtn oe ducaltaeb ofro cro mpetitiinao gnl obal nomipcr oductWihoenn.c apitasltiastater sei nflexible, inef environmEednutc.a tiismo ena surientd e rmosfs tudenatbsi'l ficienantd, o bsoletthee,dy r adgo wnt heeicro nomiWehse.n ittyo s coraesw eloln m athemattiecssat ssp upilsKo rienoa r productsiyosnt ehmasv dei fficuclhtayn gitnhge,dy r adgo wn JapaonrG ermany. theisrt at.The issi sn oto nltyh ec asfeo cro untrsiuecsah s ForF reitrheefl, e xibalnede fficisetnatit net hei nformation Brazainld M exicoi,t i sa lstor ufeo rus i nt he North. But agei s vdeirfyf erIte hnetl.pi stc so nstitubeenctosmc er itical whatd oeist m eanf oar s tattoeb e" flexible""e fafincdi ent" activsihsatpsi tnhgee conomayn ds ocieitnyta oh umanpea,r int hei nformataigoenT? h iiss a f undamenptoalli tical ques ticipastyisvteet mh aatc cumulates bcuatnp oitit naa lne x tiofno nra tioannadll ocpaoll itIitic ssa .l stoh eb asiics suien ploitahtiighvley, unequal fashions.t aTithseae l seof ficient definianugt henntaitci oannadll ocaclu ltuirnet heg lobal onet haptr oteicttcssi tizens tahgera iisnaksnstd e xcesosfe s informataigoen. a fremea rkeTth.i cso ntrasshtasr pwliyt thh e" incomplete" Neolibearnadlp sr ogressisveeesmt oa greoen o nem ajor democraptoilci toifnc eso liberalpioslmi-traie cdsu cteoed n criterfiooarn fl exibalnede fficient Istmt uasttbe e.d emo hanciinsgo laitneddi vidsuoallist'ca ormyp etitivienna e ss cratwihce,r teh em easuorfed emocraicffy r eaen do peenl ec Darwinisatnr uggFlree.i rset'asti esc onstruocntew ihveree, tions, inalclla udduilcntig t izaesvn ost erresg ardolfge esnsd er, citizaerners e integtrharteodu gh fonremwip nogl itiacnadl racoer,e thnicTihtyi.cs o nstitaus teecso nmda jonre wc ondi socinaelt worbkass ebdo tohn i nformaatinocdnr itiacnaall y tiobno,t fho rt hel efatn dt her ightI.nt hep asnte,o liberals siosf t heiorw ns ituatiinto hneg lobeanlv ironmFerneti.r e's easiolpyt efdo trh ea uthoritsatraittaoeen n suurnec onditional staitsea lsoon eo fs olidianrciltudyti,hn emga rginaleivzeend , capitacloinsttr ooflc apitaaclc umulateivoennw, h ent he whent heg lobmaalr kehta sn or oomf otrh ema nde xclusion democradteicci swiaosnt or estrtihcactto ntrPorLo gressives aryl ociadle olosgeigerse gtahteem . alseoa sirlayt ionaaluitzheodr itartioam naiisnmt acionn trol Howc ant hes olidasrtiathtyoe p teo k eedpo mestciacp ital oft hep roceosfcs a piatcaclu mulaitnti hohnea ndosft hes tate, fromfl yinogf ifn ttoh ee theorft heg lobflaolw sH?o w can evewnh ene lectiwoonuslh da vdee cidoetdh erwise. sucahs tatreo,o tiendt hee mpowermeonfct i tizaenndws o rk Butf oarl tlh enierw a greemoennt th per incoifpd aelm ocracy, ersh,o pteo a ttrianctte rnattieocnhanlo ltorgayn safnedcr a pi neolibearnadpl rso gresshiavveaesf undamendtiasla greement tailn vestmNeenotl?i bearraglutseh aittc annott;h aittw ould aboutth em eanionftg h ed emocrasttiactF eo.rn eoliberals, inhetrledynr ivcea pitaanldn ewt echnolaowgayyB .u tw ith flexibialnidte yf ficiemnecayna mini malists tatthe aatl lows PaulFor eiartoe u rs idlee,ut s c onsitdheircs a refulClayp.i tal businemsasx imufmr eedtooma ccumulcaatpei ttahlio;sn t he needass tabploel iteincvailr onmfeonhrti ghr eturonvseth re assumpttihoanut n fettcearpeidat caclu mulawtiiloplnr oduce lontge rm. Stiabsii mlpiotsys iibnsl oec iemtaireks ebdyg reat maximuemc onomgirco wtahn dt heg reatseosctig aolo dT.h e incomaen di nformaitnieoqnu aluinteyv,ep na rticipeaxtion, neolibmeordaelfl o rn atioannadll ocaclu ltusrueb ordinates clUSiaonndt, h ea bsenocfae c riticaawlalrcyei tizetmhyai ts themt ot hen eedosft heg lobmaalr kettoi, n divicdoumaple ti- prepatroes do lvpeo litpircoabll eimnis t osw ni nterPeoslti.t i- 12 • F OR E W 0 R D F OREW ORD 13 caaln ds ocisatla binleietdyrs e integroafit sioolnai tneddi vid Buti ti sf aitroa skw hath appetnosa progrespsairvtieyn ualsso a st oc reaatn ee wc ollecwtiilvwleh, a ts omea nalysts thec onteoxftt h en ewg lobalizaantdti hoenn e wd emocracy, havcea llseodc icaapli taCla.p itaallsn oe edflse xibwloer kers, especiwahlelnyt hep artgya inpso werF.r eiarreg utehsa tto andt ob efl exibwloer,k enrese fda milainedss o ciianls titutions retaiitnas u thentiac piatryto,yf t hel efnte edcso nstanttol y thaatr ien tegractaipvaebo,lf be u ildainndgs ustaiendiuncga opeint setlodf i alogtuoce h,a ngTeh.i iss p recistehlehy i stori tionaaslw elals t rainnientgw oraknsd,s upportwionrgk ers, camlo menfto sru cqhu estioInsig nlgo.b alciazpeidst oap lo w inp erioodfus n employmaenndtt r ainTihnegs.ae r per ecisely erftuhla tth es taitesl imitteotd h en eoliberal agenda? Freire whatt hes olidasrtiattyde e liveDresm.o cratpirco,g ressive saynso .H eb elietvheadet v eans c apital ciirncg ulloabtaels stattehsa ati mt oc reamtoer ee quadli striboufti inocno me spacietm, u stl ansdo mewhetrore e alpirzoefi tAs p.r ogressive andr eintegrpaatritviec,i psaotciiivanels tituwtiitoahnn se ye transformoaftt hieos nt anteee ndo to verthtrhoewm arkeotr top romotisnagv incgasp,i tianlv estmaenndth ,u manc apital capiatcaclu mulapteisroe nt oh umaniezceo nomayn ds ociety. developmaernetf ,u ndamenttoah li ghp roductigvriotwyt h Thes olidasrtiattcyea np rovitdheeb asiosfa moref lexible, andr easonahbilglyho ng-treartmeo fsr etutronc apitTahli.s competitainvdie n,n ovateicvoen ombyy d eveloptihneng e w isn eithtehrew elfasrtea nteo rt hen eolibsetraatlie ti; sn ew reintegrnaettiwvoerr kesq uirewdo rfkoerar nsdf amiliinte hse foromf r eintegrative state. informaatgieoY.ne tt hesnee twornkese tdo b ed eveloopne d Nowherien F reiraen'ssw etrot hen eolibveireawol f t he termtsh arte prestehneit n teroefsw tosr ketrhsep, o otr,h eo ld, stadtoew efi nda c ritioqfpu aer ticipiandt eimnogc raetliecc thee xcluded-jnuosctta pitnaele'dss . tionTsh.i iss n oa ccideTnhta.at n ciednetb abteet weKeanu t Doesg lobaliziantt ihoein n formaatgieop nu tn ewl imits skya ndL enianb ouwth etheerl ectiaornesa meansf or onw hatt hes tatcea nt ransform, eastpt ehceni aatliloyn al revolutiwoonrakreytr osg aicno ntrooftl h ec apitasltiastte leveTlh?i si sa mored ifficquulets tiToon a.c complish its jKautsokryn )o thimnogr et haanb ourge"otirsi ctkoc" o -opt goalas p,r ogrespsoilviet piacratlny e edtsod evelloopc aanld ther evolutjiLoenn iinsr) e legattote hde h istorairccahli ves. natiopnoalli ttihcasat r ec onsistweitnthth es ociaanlde co Freirpeo'ssi tiisoc ne nterientd h ed emocraatnitci,m ilitary nomicch angwerso ughlto calblyyt heg lobalieczoendo my. movemenotfst he1 970asn d1 980Psa.r ticipianet lieocnt ions Worldwindeeo libiedreaoll aotgtye mpttods e finteh el imiotfs isa h ard-wroing bhetl ongaismn ugc ht ow orkearnsdp easants thospeo litHiocwse.v earsF, r eiprueti ts ow eljli,Bn r aztihle) ast ot heb ourgeoTihsuiset,.h er oloefa p rogresspiovlei tical lefwth,e thietrb ei nt hef ormo fl efpta rtoyri nt hef ormo f partgyo ebse yonGdr amsccio'usn terhegemoorn" iecdaulc,a tionaflu"n ctiForne.i rceo'nsc eptoifao p nr ogrespsairvtieys thec urrepnrto gressive-ilnetaedlelreschtaciu epan lto efr -right educatiionnt ahleG ramscitarna ditYieotin,ti. s a lsaom eans coalithiaostn o,g ob eyontdh el imiotfst hen eolibdeerfianli tos trengthdeenmioncgr atcogy a,i nipnogl itpiocwaelar n,d t o tiotno d eveliotpos w nc onditioofcn asp itadleivsetl opment. advanciitnssgo cioablj ecttihvreosu tghhde e mocrabtuitsc t ill Thei mpetfuospr u shibnegy ontdh el imiotfst hen eoliberal market-suppsotrattHiean.vg i nagc hievae tdr ansittoid oen definitwioornl dwihdaest oc omef roms ocimaolv emenatss mocracFyr,e iwrrei tetsh,el efitnB razniolw e ntearnso ther sociawtietdph o litpiacratlai nedsa lliances, iwtbh ele etfhte r politpihcaaslie n:t imawciyt dhe mocrya,l civiwnigt iht a nd partiienBs r azoirll abourn ionisnF rancAel.lo ft hesleo cal deepeniintsg o t haitt h asr eamle aninignp eopleev'esr y struggolfde esfi nitairosent ruggolveetsrh ec ultuorfe global dayl ives. capitianlt hei nformaatgieo.n 14 • F OR E W 0 R D F OR E W 0R D ' 15 Stratefgoirdee sfi nintgh en ewl imiftosflr e xibalned e ffi ismI.s t heraney wondetrh aBtr aziplr'osgr essiinvtee llectuals cienstt ataersne e cessalroiclayl iiznne adt ioannadll ocraela li ared ividoendw hicsht raties"g cyo rrect"? tiesS.u rprisitnhgelryae,r es imilariatmioensgr ealities in Simildairs cussiaornets a kinpgl acien o thecro untries, Europteh,eU niteSdt ateasn,dB razOinle.o ft heswea se spe undepro liticciarlc umstatnhcaeatsr ev ery diffTehree nt. cialilmyp ortafnotFr r eiarned t heB razillieafntt h:ec urrent UniteSdt atsehso ulhda rdbleyl ackicnogn fidenicnie tesc o presidoefnB tr aziislo neo ft hew orldl'esa dipnrgo gressive nomifuct ureB.u ti nt hen ewg lobeanlv ironmbeunftf,e btye d intellecatnudaa l bsr illipaonlti titchailn kaenrd s trategist: competitionA sfiraaon mdt hef ligohfit t dso mestiincd ustry FernanHdeon riqCuaer dosCoa.r doshoe adas " center-right" abroabdy,c orpordaotwen sizisntga,g nawnatg esa,n da d isin coalitFiroonm.t hes tandpoionftB razimla'jso lre fpta rty, tegratisnysgt emo fs ocisaulp poUrnti,t ed Swtoartkeesar rse FreirWeo'rsk erPsa'r tjyP T)C,a rdohsoa sa bandonheidsp ro afraTihde.s uccessofnusll auogfhn te olibeirdaelo loagnyda gressiivdee aalnsdi sw orkiwnegl wli thitnh en eolibdeerfial growidnigs troufsp to litichiaascn osn verttheods fee arisn to nitioofnt hes tatreo'lsie n t hen ewg lobeaclo nomByu.t th e a" fligfhrto mt hes tatIen.t "h iesn vironmPernets,i dCelnitn outcomoef thCea rdosroe gimei sh ardlcyl eaErd.u cation tonh asl,i kFee rnandHoe nriqCuaer dostoi,l tteodw aredc o enrollmiesen xtp andrianpgi daln}jdt hed emocratiezdiuncga nomipco lictiheaswt o ulrde assfiunraen ce caapnidtt oawla,r d tionpaoll icpiuessh ebdy P T-ruann do thelro caaldmi nistra soci"ailnvestrnenpto"l ictiheasft o cuosne ducattioor ne build tionasr eb einsgu pporrtaetdh tehra onp posaetdt hen ational publciocn fidenicnet hes tatIest. h isst ratae wgryo nogn e? leveFlu.r thermoCraer,d osaop peacrosm mittteoda strategy Manyp rogressiinvtee llecitntu haeUl nsi ted Sbtealtieessvo e. ofd eependienmgo cracyr-eoffa shiotnhiepn ogl itiincvaoll ve Butu nlikBer azitlh,e riesn op rogrespsoilviet ipcaarlto yr mento fth e greatm asso ft heB razilpioaonra ndm argin partiwehse rael ternatsitvrea tecgiaens devaenldob pe p re alized-aa mse anso fe ventuarleldye finitnhgec ultuorfe senttedot hep ubliTch.ep rogresswiivnego ft heD emocratic Brazilciaapni talIists hmi.as m istaken stirnaa ctoeugnyt ry Partwyo ulhda vteo r eorganiitzseealf n dr ebuiiltbdsa s(eu sing wherteh ep roceosfsc apitaaclc umulathiaosln o nbge ena t thei ncreasiancgtliylv aeb ourn ionasn dn ewlrye awakened them ercoyf p articiunltaerr ewsittsh iann do utsitdheec oun civil-roirgghatnsi zattioop nuss)hC, l inttoonw arad b roader, tryI?si ta mistatkoes oliddiefmyo craptoilci tisctaalb ility, deepseorc iaagle ndWai.t houtth aptu shn,e olibewrialcllos n undot hed ebt-dreicvoenno mcihca oosf t he1 980asn,d b uild tinuteow int heb attolvee trh ec ultuorfAe m ericcaanp ital theb asfeo arn ews ocipaoll iicnyt hen exmti llenniCuomn? ism,a ndi nw innintgh abta ttlteos, h apsei milbaart tliens sistewnitt hh iso wni ntelleocpteunanle Fsrse,i droee sn ot othecro untriinecsl,u dtihneng a tioonfEs u ropaen dB razil. completteulrythen pagoen t hicsh aptoefBr r azilhiiasnt ory. In ItalRyo,m anoP rodhie adtsh efi rscte nter-cloeaflti tion Freianrde Cardobsoot khn ewt haBtr azielc'osn omaincd p o tog overnt hec ountBruyt.I tailsyp arotft hen ewE uropaen,d liticfalu turdee pendosn greateerq ualiotfyi ncomaen d Europiesr eshaping asiat rseeglifo nal economtihce power, wealtCha.r dobseol ietvheasBt r azniele dfisr stto gr ow more bettteorc ompetient hen ewg lobeaclo nomPyr_o dig'osv ern confideonfti tesc onomfiuct uarned t oe xpanpdo litipcaarl menti sc onfronbtyet dh ec onditiooftn hseM aastriTcrehatty ticipaetvieoifnn th e titlotw arnde olibeecroanlo mic-stabiliza jmonetaurnyi on), wihniclcuhsd ter ingreendtu ctiionpn usb tiopno licdieelssa e yqualizaFtrieoinbr.ee l ietvheadt th ev ery lidce batn dp ubldiecfi ciTthse.r eductidornisv,be yna c onser procesosfe qualizaitsni eoend etdod eveltohpen ewB razilian vative Gedremfianni tioofhn e althy ecopnoolmiicacyr e economoyu tsitdhees uffocactoinnfign eofsg lobnaelo liberal- inherenctolnyt ractiTOhIe�yan reyc.e ssarreiqluyi ar ree duc- 16 • FORE W 0 R D FOREWO RD 17 tioonf t hes ocisaalf enteyta ndp ossirbeldyu ctoifoe nd uca triparlo ducttioflo enxi blweo rko rganizaFtlieoxnisb.ci alni ty tionsaple nditnhgi,is n a nI taltyh adte speranteeeldyts o meanm anyt hinBgsu.ti tess senteilaelm enatrste h ec apacity inveisnte xpandainndgr aisitnhgeq ualiotfy iutnsi versity to adqjuuisctk tlocy h angienps r odudcetm anadn dp roduction systePmr.o dis'ist uatrieoinn fotrhceen so tiotnh aetv ena technolTohgeyu .ps idiest haitn fi rmst hafto cuosn r aising centerc-olaelfitt lieodbny ,p olitpiacratloi pepso steoda neo productiflveixtiyb,ih laismt eya ntth eo pportufnoiwrto yr kers libecroanlc eptoifto hnes tatiena, c ountwrhye rael arpgaer t toe ngaignem ultiptlaes kasn dm orei ntereswtoirnkag,n dt o oft hee lectocroanttei ntuobe esl ieivnae c tivsitsatit net erven feeelm powerTehde.d owns idiest hamta nyfi rmss eefl exi tioann ds ocipaoll icfiaecspe,os w erfuelc onomaincdi deologi biliitnty e rmosfl owerlianbgco ors ts-itnoc resaosmeew ork caflo rctehsa dto minattheec oalitsitorna'tse agnidpe osl icies. erso'p portuntiotr iietdsh ,e mselmvoersee asiolfoy t herasn,d Whatd op rogressives-eascpteicvpiirasoltgl rye sisnitveel tom akea ljlo bssu bjetcopt o tenteilailm inatBiootnth. h ese lectuals-tnofe oecdu osn i nt hen ewc onteFxrte? ipruet ist formosffl exibidliistayg grleagbaoftrre o tmh e" joba"sa p er weliln t hespea gepsu:s h against limitrse,d ecfirneea te spacem,a nensto urcoefi ncomaen ds elf-definTihtewi oornk.e irs thes ociaagle ndIna F.r eir"ei'nst imawciyt"dh e mocratchye, individuasleipzaerdaf,tr eodtm r aditisooncaiolar lg anizations strugigsla etl eapsatr tildye ologHiece axlh.o rutsst ot hink baseodn t hew orkerj'osbo rw orklpacaen,d m adet or eloyn ofp olitsitcraalt eagnidse tsa ptoel ictiheawsti lhlu manitzhee hiso rh era cquirceadp actiota yd jutsotc hangteo,p artici cultuorfge l obcaalp itaasil t l andisn o url ocalBiuttyt .h e patien d iverpsreo ductive aacntdit vobi eti inedse,p endent strugigsnl oeto nliyd eologSioccaiplao.ll ihcaysr eaelc onomic andc reative. ands ocicaoln sequefnocrte hse p ooarn dm arginalanidz ed, PaulFor eirteh'osu ghotnes d ucatiinot nh espea geasse lse fotrh er icahn dt hem iddlcel asTsh.ec onsequeanrcene ost whersep eatkot hitsr ansformaatst eivoenr al levels. Education jussty mbolTihce.ys happee opllei'vsae nsd t hepilra cient he thawto rkesf fecttiovk eeleypp oocrh ildriensn c hooaln d materwioarll d. learniisan bgs oluetsesleyn ttoit ahlne o tioofnfl exibplreo duc In nos ocipaoll ihcayst hen ewg lobianlf ormaetcioonno my tioFnr.e irweo'rska sS ecretoafEr dyu catiinoS na oP aulwoa s madeF reimroer er elevtahnatin n e ducatFiroeni.hr aesr ede alalb oumta kintgh eed ucatipornoaclem sesa ningffuoltr e ach finedt hep olitmiecaanli onfge ducatainodrn e catshteu nder erasn dp upiilnsl ow-incsocmheo oalnsdt, h routghhi mse an lying storvuegregd luec atiFoonrh. i m,e ducathiaosnt he ingt o enhanclee arnianngd k eepc hildrienn s chool. potenttioba ell iberaatnidnl gi,b eraetdiuncga tiisto hne p ath Conscientiiszt ahQeeQ sos enitnigarle doifed netv elopsiuncgh tok nowledagnedc rititchailn kiKnngo.w ledigste h ef ounda meaning. Fcroenicreep'tosif eo dnu catiisoa nl seos senttioa l tioonft hen ewg lobianlf ormaetcioonno mGyl.o balizhaatsi on flexibiilniF trye irfeo'csuo sn c ritical tthhiedn ekvienlgo,p enhanctehdei mportaonfkc neo wledogfie n,n ovativoefn ess, mento fs elafn-dc ollective-diedmeonctriapttayir,ct icipation, critical tahnidnt khiecn agp,a cittos yo lvper obleEmcso. andc ooperatIinmo ann.y s tudioefws hate mployevrasl ue nomipcr ogriensa sn yc ountirnyc reasrienqgluyia r berso ad mosti n" higphe rformIaIo nrcgea nizatthieosnaesr p,er ecisely basoef h ighly consseclifo-ucso,n ficdraintti,c al-tphairnking, thec haractertihsahttei actdsh el isAtn.dfi nallFyr,e itrhei nks ticipaltiitveer,aa ntdne u,m eraitned ividtuoca olmsp eitnet he ofc ritiecdaulc ataisao f no romf n etworkin"gc-oam munity" neww orledc onomy. ofk nowledagnedk nowledfgoer matiNoenw. n etworakrse Beyontdh aats,b usinesrseesst ructtobu erm eo rep roduc alseos senttiofla elx ibialnidtp yr oductiAvsif taym.i laineds tivteh,e ayr meo vinagw ayf roFmo rdiassts,e mblyi-nldiunse- traditisotnaablnl,ee i ghborhdoiosdisn teugnrdaettreh eo n- 18 • F OR E W 0 R D FOREWORD 19 slaugohftfl exibplreo ductnieownn ,e tworakrsen eedetdo ThusF,r eierxpeo seasm ajocro ntradiocftt hieno eno liberal reprodsukciel alnsdk nowledIgtie s.t hinse wan d,i nm any modeiln t hei nformaatgieoT.nh eb asifsoe rc onomaincds o ways, vicrotmumauln itthya cto ulrde platcrea ditijoonbal ciadle velopmientn hten ewg lobeaclo nomiysc onscicoruist i basesdo cinaelt woraknsd r esidennteiiaghlb orhoFordesi.r e calt hinkianngdk nowledngeet worFkosr.m oret hatnh irty envisatgheeps o litpiacratalys t hem ajofro romf t hicsr itical yearPsa,u lFor eitrheo ugahbto utth er evolutinoantuarroeyf knowledcgoemm unityb,u tt het raditional paprotliyis t ical knowledTgheen. e edosfg lobcaalp itahlaivsceta su ghtw iutph alsboe intgr ansfobrymt ehden ewi nformaatnidoc no mmuni hicso nceptoifeo dnu catiBuotno .n cteh erteh,e cya nnot uni catieonnv ironmTeelnetv.i sfiooernx ,a mplhea,sa lreamdayd e laterianlcloyr poirtapsta er ticipdaetmiovcer aitmipcl ications. drastcihca ngedsec, o nstructthietn rga ditipoonlailt ical party Freiurned ersttohoidTs h.e n ewk nowledngeet works, both apparaatnudst heu seo fc ritikcnaolw ledignpe o litYiects,. ast her eintegroaftd oirssa ggrewgoartkeedar nsd a ss itoesf Freirken'osw ledogfce o mmunitcioeuslb det heb asfiosnr e w continueidnugc atiaonndc onscienticzoaufliido ,s teor ve kindosfn etworbkesy ontdh et raditipoonlailtp iacratlny e,t shapteh ef utunraet uorfel ocaanld n atiopnoalli taincdfs r,o m workfso rmeadr ounsdc hooalnsda dueldtu catyioount,oh r ga therteh,en atuorfeg lobcaalp ital. nizatiaonndrs e,l igious orgwaintiahzc aotmimoonnis n terest toe nhanicned iviadnudac lo llecvtailvuee . Thisl ismta kecsl ehaorw f anre olibecraansl tsao yn F reire's educattiroani ann,dw herteh ehya vteo g eotf fT.h eyar ec er tainlcyo mfortawbiltehe xpandisncgh oolainndgm akinigt moree ffectIintv hee.g reacto mpetitivdeenbeastnseo sw c ir clintgh eg lobhei,g hteers stc oraensd l owd roporuatt easr e thceu rrenocfpy o stmodeecronn omiIne ost.h ewro rds, consci entizacQoiiuolw de lble t hec enterpoifae n ceeo libeedruacla tionpaoll iifc iyte nhancleesa rniknege,pc sh ildirnes nc hool, andm akessc hoolriensgo urcmeosr eef fectTios voem.ed egree, Freirfeo'csuo sn c ritithinkincga l isa lsaoc ceptatbonl eeo libereaslpse,c iialncl oyu ntrwiheesr beu sineisdse oloigsy powerfeunlo ugthoh arnecsrsi titchailn kitnotg h en eedosf mainstrperaimv abtues iness-based activities. Butn owc onsitdheerm eaniongfF reircer'ist iecdaulc ation ina s ociewtyi tahm orec ontesctueldt uorfce a pitNaelo.l ib eraiwso ulndo tb ew illitnogt akteh er isInk .a contested cultutrheen, e tworekmse rgifnrgo tmh ec riticcoanls truction ofkn owledgweo ulldi keelnyt eirn tdoe velopani engwc ulture ofc apitTahli.is sw haFtr eiernev isaagnedts h,i issw hernee o-' liberraeltsr feraotm effeicntcliuvseid,ve em,o craptriocb,l em solviendgu cation.
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