Peace Country cattle newsletter

68 Pages·1991·8.2 MB·English

by  Alberta. Alberta Agriculture

(PEACE COU NTRY CATTLE NEWSLETTER( CANADIANS
Spring, ll>Hr»
PANORAMA FOR THE PEACE? ? summer for your input. Respondents
names will not be gathered. The
Cattlemen in the High Prairie and results of the survey will be printed
Valleyview areas have formed the Peace during fall in this newsletter.
Country Cattle Sales Association.
This will provide an "umbrella"
organization that will organize, BOC-LOC TAGS
advertise and promote cattle sales in
the fall at various points in the Demonstration tags have been put
Peace. The President is Lynn on cattle at Kinuso (Jim Sheldon),
Roberts, Box 813, High Prairie, Valleyview (Bob Corscience), Worsley
Telephone: [phone]. (Gerald Raspberry) , and Cleardale
(Jerry Hale) and Fairview College. We
This group is set up to provide used everything from trocars to
others a means of holding fall sales synovex needles to punch holes with,
if they wish. The High Prairie "local" since the original order with proper
have set a membership fee of $100, and equipment got lost in the post
have 18 members signed. These funds office. Of all the methods, a good
will be used to provide "up-front" sharp pocket knife worked as well as
money to have a sale at High Prairie anything. One major problem is
this fall.
positioning the hole for the tag. The
hole should be made about half way up
Neil Woolliams, former manager of the neck, at least above the skin of
Douglas Lake Cattle Ranch, has been
the brisket. Don't punch in more than
hired by the B.C. government to come d3e/w4l a pi nc. h from the leading edge of the
up with some marketing alternatives.
He tells me he is interested in
showing B.C. Peace Cattlemen how they Alcohol based ink is required to
could integrate their sales with ours
permanently mark these Boc-loc tags.
on this side of the border.
"Sanford" or All flex pens work best
since an alcohol base ink is
If you are interested in a sale required. Kane Vet Supply in Edmonton
in your area, contact Lynn Roberts. handle Boc-loc tags.
The veterans in producer cattle sales
are Roy Bristow, President of Lea FREEZE BRANDING
Park Cattlemens Association at
Marwayne (telephone: [phone]) or When the animal rights activists
Community Auction Sales at Pincher
run out of seals and trappers, they'll
Creek (Fred DeWalt, Manager, likely focus their attention on hot
Telephone: [phone]). iron branding of cattle. Hot branding
is a painful process and if done by a
careless or inexperienced person, it
CATTLE MARKETING SURVEY can be a mess .
Alberta Agriculture is conducting There is a partial alternative in
a cattle marketing survey in the freeze branding. By cooling an iron
Peace. STEP student Lindsay Porteous
to about -275°F and holding it on the
will be contacting you sometime this skin, all the hair follicles are
killed.
c -2- (
The hair grows back In white If you want to number brand for
after about AO days. Obviously this animal identification, it is legal to
is where the "partial" alternative do so in Alberta in conjunction with a
comes in, because white haired cattle registered brand. The number brand
are unaffected. For those of you also has to be on a legal site on the
animal .
wishing to try freeze branding, you*ll
have to order your "irons" from
Ketchums, 396 Berkely Avenue, Ottawa, CONDITION SCORING CATTLE
Ontario K2A 2G6
We tend to describe the condition
The following information is of cattle by using terms such as
important for those intending to
"good", "fleshy", "thin", or "top
freeze brand.
shape". In the U.S. and Britain, more
and more attempts are being made to
L. Use freeze brand irons, not apply a number score to describe fat
regular metal irons. Copper or cover. All this applies to breeding
copper-brass is used to hold the females particularly, since slaughter
cold temperatures. cattle already have very precise
"condition scores" built into the
2. Clip the branding site. The hair grading system.
should be as short as possible.
The Americans have a 9 point
3. Wash with alcohol.
system which is a bit hard to learn.
The Scottish system is based on 5
4. Use liquid nitrogen. A regular numbers, and can be picked up easily.
semen storage tank can be used to Articles from Alberta Agriculture on
store the nitrogen. A styrofoam condition scoring will be based on the
box should be used to hold the
Scots system. A condition score of 1
irons while liquid nitrogen is is given to animals in very poor
poured in to the depth of the condition, and a condition score of 5
"iron". When the freeze brand for very fat animals. The following
stops bubbling, it is the right points describe the system:
temperature for branding.
HOW TO CONDITION SCORE
Hold the freeze brander iron on
the skin for the following length Feel the fat cover around the
of time:
tailhead and over the spinal processes.
Using your arm extended, push your
Calves: 15 seconds thumb under the loin, and your hand
Yearlings: 20 seconds should close over the top of the loin,
Cows: 25 seconds behind the last rib and in front of the
hip bone. The spinal processes come
At first it will seem like a slow off the backbone in such a way that
process, but with organization it they will easily be felt by your thumb
can be reasonably speedy, although and fingers.
never as fast as hot iron branding. A
special freeze branding unit to hold Condition Score 1
the nitrogen and "irons" is on display
at the Regional Office. Plans will be The individual spinal processes
available this fall. (bones) are sharp to the touch and
r
easily felt, There is no fat around Target Condition Scores
the tailhead
Weaning - condition Score 3
Condition Score 2
Calving - condition score 2-2*5
Breeding - condition score 2^-3
The spinal processes can still be
individually felt, but are rounded OS'CONENO3-R A SYSTSEM OFOR N SHOR TER CALVING
rather than sharp. Areas on either side
of the tailhead have some fat cover.
This system has been around since
Conditon Score 3 about 1976, when a Texas rancher
decided he was fed up with 120 day
The spinal processes can be felt calving seasons. The system works on
only with very firm pressure. Fat the principle that cows must have an
cover can be felt easily on either i1)n creasing energy level in their diet
side of the tailhead. in order to breed, and that some cows
body
don't cycle if they are nursing
Condition Score A
calves. The following system is used:
2)
that
cows are wintered so
The spinal processes can't be All
felt. The fat on either side of the
they are in about 2 to 2'
tailhead is in slight mounds. condition score at calving.
3)
Condition Score 5
Feed energy levels are increased
after calving until cows are in a
The bone structure is not A) body condition score of 2^.
noticeable, since it is buried in
fat. The tailhead is almost Calves are taken away from the
completely buried in fat. cows for 48 hours before breeding
starts.
Studies have shown that a loss of
1 condition score can equal the energy Calves and fertile bulls are
of 550 lbs of barley. Thus the turned in with the cows, and feed
ability to use the cows' body reserves energy levels are maintained for
to reduce winter feed costs can 3 weeks. Bulls are left in for
60 days.
improve profitability. Condition
scoring is most useful when used in
0' Connor
the same herd regularly by the same These are the results from one
person . U.S. study with the
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN BEEF COWS System.
USING THE O'CONNOR SYSTEM
Cows managed under Con tr ol Difference
'Connor system
system
89
No. Cows 86
Showing heat after breeding CO
25 days 95
A 6 days 36
Pregnant af ter 1 breeding (7) 72 26
Calved (%) 8908 50
after 20 days 80 0" 5298 3309
after AO d a y s 99 5272
after 60 days 91 72
52
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With the cooperation of John least condition score 2^ and stay on
Fraser, Farm Manager at Fairview
enough high energy for 3 weeks after
College, we have just completed the 48 the bull goes in.
hour weaning and bull turn in stage
SELF TREATMENT STATIONS FOR FLY
with cows in the College herd. There CONTROL
were 20 first calving Simmcntal x
Hereford cows in the study. The cows A cheap horn fly, mosquito and
were on full feed hay and about 8 lbs black fly control system has been
barley daily for 30 days. The calves recently reported by Dr. Ali Khan
were "weaned" for 48 hours, then (Livestock Pest Specialist). Pest
turned back with the cows, along with Doom oilers were placed at fenced salt
a 2 yr old Gelbveigh bull. stations and dugouts and filled with
CIOVAP and oil solution. They provided
The calves were about 6 weeks old
60% mosquito reduction and excellent
and had access to creep feed. While fly control. The Pest Doom oiler is
they were separated from the cows, the available through local feed and vet
calves averaged 5 lbs of creep grain, outlets from Thornhill Ranching
6 lbs alfalfa hay and 1^ gallons of Products .
water. When they were turned back in
MORE MONEY FOR HEIFERS
with the cows, it took about 15 minutes
for everybody to get sorted out, and There is a lot of potential lost
no real problems were experienced. when cull yearling heifers go out on
The striking part of this system was grass and end up being bred late in
that 30% of the cows came into heat the summer. If more of these tail end
within 24 hours of separation from the
heifers were spayed, they'd gain
calves. If you plan to try the better and be much more salable this
system, be sure the cows are in at
fall. Check with your local vet, it*s
not much of an operation.
PEACE COUNTRY CATTLE NEWSLETTER
Mr. Trevor Jones
Regional Livestock Specialist
Alberta Agriculture
Box 7777
FAIRVIEW, AB TOH 1L0
Peace Country Cattle Newsletter
MAR "1 0 1986
Fall 1985
TOUGH SLEDDING AHEAD should be getting supplementary
sources by injection or added to salt
or water supplies.
I'm not going to try to forecast
the weather for the coining winter
other than to say it will get colder The winter feeding plans can be
than it is now. When 1 refer to topped off by adding trace mineral
salt that contains at least .252
"tough sledding", I'm thinking about
the nutritional deficiencies our copper, .75% zinc and 25 parts per
cattle are bound to experience to some million selenium. No more blue or red
degree, because of the drought and salt .
feed shortages.
PANORAMA FOR THF PEACE AT HIGH PRAIRIE
One of the biggest troubles will
be simply to keep all the bellies Peace Country Cattle Sales
full. The cattlemen who have been Association has scheduled the first
harvesting everything in sight may not cattle sale to be held at High Prairie
have the best of feed quality, but on October 28th at 1:00 p.m. The
what they have will be better than group has purchased a modern scale,
snowballs. In fact most of our and it will be installed at the
ongoing problems in the Peace are that Provincial Grazing Reserve Corrals
north of High Prairie. All classes of
cattle simply don't get enough to eat.
cattle will be received .up to 8:00
But if there is enough feed and p.m, October 27th, but those wishing
the fibre is so high from late cutting to sell must notify the sale committee
or aftermath crop conditions, a full by September 30th at the latest.
belly may still create an energy Membership in the Peace Country Cattle
deficiency. The rumen bugs in cattle Sales Association must be obtained
which literally provide all the energy ($100) before cattle can be entered in
the sale.
and protein just can't do well enough
on high fibre feed.
Ken Rose Auctions of Fairview will
The answer with poor feed is to be handling the sale. Cost will be
Iceu the bugs more energy and $S.C0/hcad for o ^ > c r> charge, and a one
protein. The problem is to find cheap time only charge of $3.50 per head to
enough sources. Grain for energy and cover scale purchase.
canola meal for protein will do the
trick. Think long and hard before you If you want to consign cattle to
buy a lick tank instead. this sale, contact Lynn Roberts
(523-4561) or Frank Graves (523-3220)
before September 30th.
The problem doesn't stop here
though, when you have overmature high
fibre forage, there is usually an AMMONIATION OF STRAW
associated vitamin A deficiency. When
vitamin A is low, mucous membranes in One way to boost protein content
the gut are poor absorbers of of low quality feed for cows is to
nutrients; and in the mouth, nose and ammoniate it. For those cattlemen
eyes, poor resistors of sharp objects interested, a demonstration will be
and disease organisms. held in the Fairview D . A . district
(835-2291) on October 9, and in the
We know vitamin A is going to be Valley view office D.A. office
needed earlier than ever before so (524-3301) on October 10th. Contact
when snow flies, cattle of al] ages ei titer office for more information.
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PEACE COUNTRY CATTLE QUESTIONNAIRE d) Some of the tags placed low
became covered with mud, and were
You may have been one of over 300 unreadable. I noticed this had
Peace Country Cattlemen contacted by happened with several we put on
Lindsay Porteous in May, to answer
Clay's steers that went to the
questions about cattle marketing. Bear Canyon Provincial Grazing
Reserve .
Well, the survey is finished, and a
summary is attached for your
information . e) The cost of the dewlap tags was
between $1.20 and $1.40 depending
CATTLE ID on the origin. Kane Vet
Supplies in Edmonton (453-1516)
Last spring, more than 500 are the agents for Boc-Loc tags
Boc-loc dewlap tags were put on cattle in Alberta, but they like to deal
throughout the Peace. The following with local suppliers.
observations can be made now.
One thing for certain - the tags
a) The tags have to be placed high seem to be staying on. This coming
on the dewlap. It was a mistake winter, after the acid test of poly
to call them "brisket tags" twine we'll have a better idea of how
because the brisket is lower than good they really are. I hope to hear
the dewlap. from anyone with dewlap tags in place,
about their success. I still haven't
b) The regular Boc-Loc hole punch figured out the crash with Brian
has to be used, since nothing Leitch's (Brownvale) dewlap tag
else works as well. However the experience years ago. Even though he
punch makes a big hole, and put them on during the winter, they
allows lots of room for flies to became fly blown and infected the
enter. Some tags, particularly following summer.
at Gerald Raspberry's were put on
by using a trocar (bloat punch) . The use of hot iron or freeze
This causes the skin to seal brand identification is legal in
quickly around the wire of the Alberta, provided a registered brand
tag. When the Boc-Loc punch was is used also. The few head that I
used in fly season, fly strike
freeze branded this spring aren't
ucuuneu quickly, and in the case enough to demonstrate properly with,
of Clay Farms, meant that all the but John Milne (Fairview) , Chester
tags had to be removed a few days Raspberry (Worsley) , Uwe Heite
later . (Valleyview) , and Jim Sheldon (Kinuso)
have tried it and will be able to give
c) Some of the ink faded. The
some ideas to you "about the way they
turned out.
company (Bock's Cattle Identi Co,
Box 614, Mattoon, Illinois, U.S.A.
61938) assured me their ink would If you want to have freeze
not fade, but most of those we branding demonstrated this winter let
me know. Those of you who want to
put on Jerry Hale's cows did
fade. For about 20c extra, the order copper alloy freeze brands for
company assured me they would application of your registered brand,
number tags that would be write to L & H Manufacturing Co., 410
guaranteed never to fade. To 6th Street, S.E., Box 629, Mandan,
renumber tags, they must first be North Dakota U.S.A. 58554 (phone
washed with a bleach cleaner, and 701-663-9821). Specify the size of
numbered with an alcoho] base ink.
brand you want (2V for calves, 4" for
yearlings or older cattle) and send a
good drawing of your registered brand.
11k cost i^ about $30/letter or figure.
( (
-3-
NO TWO COWS ARE ALIKE The economists tell me that the
"Implicit Price Increase" between 1955
Grazing fees are calculated by and 1985 is the difference between 26c
the Animal Unit system (AU) as follows. and $1.20. This is a A. 6 times
increase in all prices during 30
1000 lb cow and calf - 1 A.U. years. According to this rate of
1 bull ■= 1.3 A.U. increase, choice steers should be 92c
1 yearling ■ .67 A.U. on the hoof (20c x 4.6).
The comparison between animals is Something is seriously out of
great, for British breeds, but falls whack .
apart when European breeds are
charged. The bargain obtained from
grazing the 1500 lb European cow with DON'T PANIC ABOUT NITRATES
a 700 lb calf at weaning is tremendous
compared to the 1000 lb black baldy It seems that many cattlemen are
with a 500 lb calf. The cost is often concerned about nitrates in their
the same for both.
feeds this fall. Certainly drought
conditions can increase nitrate
REMEMBER 1955 ANYBODY? concentrations and grain "hay" or
greenfeed tend to be worse than other
feeds, but generally I feel that the
In 1955, I came to Alberta from
danger is over-rated.
B.C., and went to work with Canada
Packers as a buyer. I recall these Nitrates in feed are normally
kinds of prices. converted to ammonia in the rumen
by cattle. If an excessive amount of
a) A new 1955, 2 door, 6 cylinder ammonia is present, then the bacteria
Pontiac cost me $2,150.00. The turn nitrates into nitrites. Nitrites
nearest thing to that would cost are absorbed into the blood and can
me $11,500 in 1985. (5.3 times kill the animal by cutting off the
increase in 30 years) . bloods ability to carry oxygen.
b) I started to work at $320/month.
To be a problem, nitrates usually
If I started now it would be
have to exceed 1% in the feed, and a
$ 2 , 290 /month feed te^L will Lcll yuu cna l . (see your
(7.1 times increase in 30 years) D.A.) If the bacteria receive extra
energy, they will produce more ammonia
c) Choice steers were selling for and utilize it, without producing
20c in the fall of 1955. A. , A
nitrites. Adding some grain will
6(7cCh oice) steers now are selling at reduce the potential toxicity of a
feed that appears to be high in
(3.35 times increase in 30 years) nitrates. If analyses are available on
all feeds to be used, a system of
All we need to do to make money
mixing or combining certain numbers of
in the cattle business is by tying the bales of each feed can be figured out,
price of steers to the average so that the overall level of nitrates
increases of new cars and labour. In
is less than 1% from all the feed
30 years that average increase is 6.2 combinat ions .
(7.1 + 5.3 7 2). That means the price
of choice steers should be $1.24/lb in
1985. That's live, not dressed.
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LOANS FOR LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS TOURS
Several lending agencies have Cattlemen are always coming up
asked me to look over the loan
with interesting things, and it's a
feasibility of clients wishing to real education to visit them. I will
borrow money for livestock. Often
be prepared to take up to 12 at a time
however, these are about to be turned in an Alberta Government Van on short
down, and there is little 1 can do to
tours. I'm hoping to get a B.C. ranch
salvage anything for the cattlemen. tour before winter, to look at
corrals, cattle, horses, and at least
I would prefer to go over a loan one Panorama sale in early November.
idea with the cattleman before it goes
Let me know if you're interested in a
to the lending agency, because
four day tour.
alternatives can sometimes be made to
improve things for both parties. I'm
not interested in the financial
FINALLY
picture of the whole operation, just
the livestock proposal. Often two
Since there is no "money" in the
heads are better than one anyway! cattle business, there has got to be
a lot of enjoyment or most people would
COPPER AND ZINC
be doing something else. One of the
real enjoyments to me is being able to
There are indications that
handle cattle with a good saddle
hoof cracks can be prevented by horse. There is little to equal the
adequate levels of the trace minerals satisfaction of being able to quietly
copper and zinc. Feed tests coming but efficiently look cattle over from
into this office show that we seldom
horseback. If you haven't enjoyed it
have even half enough copper and zinc
in our feeds. However cattle on before it's likely because you were
mounted on some crow-bait with no cow
pasture as yearlings may already have
sense. You'll notice I said a "good
enough deficiency to develop hoof
saddle horse" though.
cracks, and are easy targets for
footrot. Trace mineral salt which
More and more "trikes" are in.
includes. 25% copper, .75% zinc (and Those are the noisy 3 wheel critters
selenium) should be fed to all cattle,
that have put more people in hospital
all year round especially calves at than all the saddle horses ever bcm.
weaning and during their 1st winter.
However it's hard to argue with
cattlemen like Jim Sheldon at Kinuso
I think the extent of foot
who finally got a trike, and claims he
troubles among cattle in the Peace is can look at all his cattle in the time
alarming. Feeding high copper-zinc it used to take just to catch his
trace mineral salt seems like an
horse !
obvious place to start solving the
problem, not with antibiotics later on.
I'm too old to change I guess. I
agree with Terry Millikan, the Douglas
BALANCING RATIONS AT LEAST COST
Lake cowboy who was asked why he would
possibly want to be a cowboy at those
We have a computer program that
will sort out the least cost wages. His reply was, "I'm too lazy
combination of available feeds and to work, and too timid to steal"
supplements. It's kind of overloaded
and needs refining, but if anyone
wants to try it, get a list of feeds
to me and description of the cattle TREVOR JONES
being fed, and we'll try to come up REGIONAL LIVESTOCK SPECIALIST
with a least cost combination to do
the job.
Peace Country Cattle Newsletter
June 1986
The printing of this letter has been New TM Salt Block
delayed so that two notices can be
inc luded : The Canada Salt Co. has introduced
two Windsor Fortified salt blocks. Both
The National Tripartite Price Stabili- contain salt plus iodine, zinc,
zation for cow-calf and slaughter cattle manganese, copper, iron and cobalt. One
is now in effect, and the sign-up block contains selenium also, and this is
the one that should be used in the Peace.
deadline is June 30, 1986. If you don't
register on time, there is a penalty in
Up until now, cattlemen have used the
reduced benefits for the first year. All
traditional blue blocks which only
cattlemen should have received a handbook
contain salt, iodine and cobalt. Now
and enrollment request form in the mail.
that the new formulated selenium carrying
If you don't have one, Agriculture Canada blocks are here, the old blue blocks will
offices and District Agriculturists
likely disappear in the Peace.
should have them available.
The plan should be looked on as a
simple insurance against a price drop, Antibiotics as Growth Stimulants
not as a subsidy.
An excellent update on this subject
by Dr. John P. Bowland, former professor
in the University of Alberta Animal
Fairview College has officially decided Science Department appeared in the Spring
to proceed with the planning for a bull 1986 Agrologist Magazine. In part, Dr.
test station to serve both the Alberta
Bowland says, "it is unfortunate that
and the B.C. Peace Districts. The some of the media reports, based on
College has earmarked $3,000 for a partial information, have increased
construction committee to tour other public uncertainty about the use of
bull test centers, so that the latest antibiotics as growth promotants. There
planning developments can be included. is little, or no, evidence to support the
An additional $30,000 has been budgeted claim that the practice of feeding
for design and engineering requirements. sub-therapeut ic concentrations of
It is hoped that the unit will be antibiotics to animals for long periods
completed by September 1987. There will for the sole purpose of promoting
be no bulls admitted for test until that improved growth, has contributed to the
time. The station advisory committee has spread of drug resistance in the field.
been named. There seems to be considerable confusion
between field sensitivity and laboratory
Bill Forsythe, Berwyn
Morley Messner, Berwyn test sensitivity."
Pat Friedel, Fairview In Canada, it is legal to use
Lou Beaulieu, Fairview Aureomycin or Terramycin in cattle
John Milne, Fairview rations at no more than 11 gms per tonne
Bill Veidt, Grimshaw of ration (sub-therapeutic levels) .
Steve Hiebert, Brownvale
Steve Bodsworth, Fairview College
John Fraser, Fairview College O'Connor System Revised
Neil Clarke, Fairview College
Dale Landry, Fairview College Last year with a group of 20 cows from
Trevor Jones, Alberta Agriculture Fairview College, I was able to test the
Pi m i C oi n i r \ L\ \ \ l i Nlwsli ink
Cattle Corral Planning
o'C.nnor system of cattle breeding, to
reduce length of calving season. The
O'Connor idea is to take the calves I've spent some time helping
away from the cows for 48 hours, then cattlemen plan their corral systems this
turn the bull in, and the calves back
spring. It's interesting how each
with the cows. At the time it looked operation is a little different, so a
awkward, and we had to feed and water standard plan cnn only be used as a
those little calves while they were guide. A video and slide series will be
separated. While we were watching the available for meetings throughout the
cows during the 48 hours of calf Peace this coming winter. If you want
separation, we noticed that more cows to do something this summer with your
seemed to be in heat in the first 24 corrals, give me a call.
hours after the calves were taken away,
than there were by 48 hours.
University of Alberta Ranch Day
This year we only separated the
calves from those 20 cows for 24 hours,
To be held at Kinsella (U of A Ranch)
then turned the bull in, and ran the
on July 25 , 1986. The University staff
calves back. We'll see how long the will be reviewing their projects. If
calving season is in 1987. Incidentally
you want to go, contact your District
the 1986 calving season for these cows
Agriculturist or me, and we can organize
was exactly 30 days. We'll see how long a group trip.
it is next year.
Peace Country Beef Symposium Feedlot Seminar
The next go-round will be held There will be a Feedlot Seminar at the
December 10 & 11, 1986, and will be
Barrhead Inn, Barrhead, on July 7 from
held at both Valleyview and Fairview
9:00 am to 5:45 pm. The topics look good
s imultaneously .
(agenda attached). The cost is $30.00
and registration can be made by calling
the Alberta Cattle Feeders Association
Calf Vaccinations
(250-2509) .
The Health Management Branch of
Alberta Agriculture reminded me that we
should be looking at essential and
Growth by Implanting
optional vaccinations. The essential
vaccinations include the multiclos tr idial
A world review of the effects of
bacterins from "2 way" up to "8 way", growth implants for cattle has been
and LBR/Pl^ vaccine. The optional cpoupby.l ished. Let me know if you want a
vaccinations includes those for calf
scours, hemophilus, BVD , vibirio,
leptospirosis , etc.
Blanket recommendations are not too High Tensile and Electric Fences
valuable in my estimation. For example,
an outbreak of BVD in my herd would
If you're building fences, it would
probably convince me to include routine pay you to consider either electric or
BVD vaccinations in my essential high tensile fencing. The cost can be
vaccination program. Local vets would up to 40% less than traditional barbwire.
likely be interested in planning herd Some new publications are available. Ask
health programs on a year round basis. your District Agriculturist.
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