PDR for Herbal Medicines

1108 Pages·2000·8.99 MB·english

by  Thomas Fleming

PDR
for Herbal
Medicines"
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ISBN: 1-56363-361-2
1
Contents
Foreword iv
Alphabetical Index i-i
Lists all scientific, common, and brand names found in the herbal monographs.
Therapeutic Category Index 1-45
Groups herbs by therapeutic or medicinal category. Listings are alphabetical by category and accepted
common name. Herbs deemed effective by Commission E are flagged for quick recognition.
Indications Index 1-81
Lists herbs by their primary indications. Entries are alphabetical by indication and accepted common
name. Herbs deemed effective by Commission E are specially flagged.
Homeopathic Indications Index 1-131
Catalogs herbal applications in homeopathy. Entries are alphabetical by indication and scientific name.
Asian Indications Index 1-141
Groups herbs by their therapeutic uses in Chinese and Indian medicine.
Listings are alphabetical by indication and accepted common name.
Side Effects Index 1-161
Groups herbs by the adverse reactions with which they have been associated.
Listings are alphabetical by reaction and accepted common name.
Drug/Herb Interactions Guide 1-179
Lists problem combinations alphabetically by the name of the drug and the name of the interacting herb,
and provides a brief description of each combination's potential effect.
Safety Guide 1-191
Lists herbs that must be avoided while pregnant or nursing, and herbs that should be used only under
professional supervision. Includes all scientific, common, and brand names.
Manufacturers Index 1-203
Provides contact information for each supplier whose products appear in the monographs.
Herb Identification Guide G-l
Permits rapid, positive identification of unknown botanicals.
Includes nearly 400 full-color photos.
Product Identification Guide G-27
Present photos of a representative group of popular commercial formulations.
Herbal Monographs 1
Profiles of 700 medicinal herbs, including trade names, description, actions, indications, contraindications,
precautions, adverse effects, overdosage, dosage, and literature citations.
Organized alphabetically by accepted common name, and cross-referenced by scientific name.
Glossary 849
A key to the specialized botanical nomenclature and other unfamiliar terminology employed in the herbal monographs.
Poison Control Centers 855
IV PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES
Foreword
With 150,000 copies of its first edition in print, PDR ing—the findings of the German Regulatory
for Herbal Medicines has almost instantly become one Authority's herbal watchdog agency, commonly called
of the nation's leading pharmacological references. "Commission E." This agency has conducted an
The reasons for its phenomenal reception are evident. intensive assessment of the peer-reviewed literature on
Hundreds of herbal remedies now fill the shelves in some 300 common botanicals, weighing the quality of
virtually every supermarket and pharmacy, and the the clinical evidence and identifying the uses for
popularity of self-medication with "natural" supple which the herb can reasonably be considered effective.
ments continues to rise, making the benefits—and Its conclusions represent the best expert consensus on
risks—of these preparations an ever more compelling medicinal herbs currently available.
concern.
For the herbs not considered by Commission E, PDR
Now, to better address the host of questions that still for Herbal Medicines provides the results of an
surround most herbal remedies. Physicians' Desk exhaustive literature review conducted by the respect
Reference® is proud to present this completely revised ed PhytoPharm U.S. Institute of Phytopharmaceuticals
and updated second edition of PDR for Herbal under the direction of noted botanist, Dr. Joerg
Medicines. Significantly enhanced and expanded, this Gruenwald. These additional monographs, now some
new edition extends both the range and depth of the 400 in number, provide a detailed introduction to an
original volume. Among the many improvements array of exotic botanicals that you'll be hard pressed
you'll find:
to find in any other source.
• Broader Coverage: With some 100 new entries,
To make the information in the monographs as useful
the book now covers a total of 700 botanicals, includ
and accessible as possible, PDR® has echoed the struc
ing a wide selection of popular Chinese herbs.
ture of standard U.S. product labeling. Each mono
• More Research Data: Hundreds of entries have
graph contains up to ten standard sections, covering
been augmented with additional information on safety
considerations ranging from description to dosage.
and efficacy.
Here's a closer look at what you will find:
• Additional Adverse Effects: The entries include
new information on drug/herb interactions. The Side
• Title: Each monograph begins with the herb's
Effects and Interactions indices have been enriched
generally accepted common name, followed by its
and expanded
scientific name. In addition, all monographs are cross-
• Available Formulations: Whenever applicable,
referenced by their botanical designation.
the herbal monographs now list the names and suppli
ers of popular commercial preparations.
• Trade Names: Listed here are common commer
• New Indices: The index section has been enhanced
cial preparations of the herb.
with four additional indices:
— Homeopathic Indications Index
• Description: This section provides a detailed
— Asian Indications Index
botanical overview of the herb, including information
— Safety Guide
on its medicinal parts; flower and fruit; leaves, stem,
— Manufacturers Index
and root; unique characteristics, habitat, production,
• Better Organization: In this edition, remedies
related plants, and additional common names and syn
appear under their more familiar common name,
onyms.
instead of their botanical designation. All monographs
are cross-referenced by scientific name.
• Actions and Pharmacology: Here you'll find data
One important aspect of the first edition does, howev on the active compounds or heterogeneous mixtures
er, remain constant. Because it is still extremely hard found in the plant, followed by a summary of the
to come by reliable information on the swarm of herb's clinical effects. If various parts of the plant
unregulated "dietary supplements" in today's market possess different pharmacological activity, the parts
place, this new edition continues to provide you with are discussed individually, here and throughout the
the closest available analog to FDA-approved label remainder of the monograph.
FOREWORD V
• Indications and Usage: Information on the uses To assist you in quickly locating the information you
of the herb is listed under five categories, as applica require, the monographs have been indexed by name,
ble: therapeutic category, general indications, homeopathic
— Approved by Commission E indications, Asian indications, and side effects. To aid
— Unproven Uses you in evaluating potential risk, a drug/herb interac
— Chinese Medicine tion guide and a safety guide are also included. An
— Indian Medicine index of manufacturers completes the set. Here's an
— Homeopathic overview of what each index provides: .
Approved uses are presented in list fashion. Other
uses are described with provisos as necessary regard • Alphabetical Index: This index includes all scien
ing route and form of administration. tific, common, and brand names found in the herbal
monographs, together with appropriate page numbers.
• Contraindications: Although most natural reme
dies can be used under all medical circumstances, a • Therapeutic Category Index: This index lists the
few pharmacologically potent herbs must be avoided monographs and their page numbers, alphabetically by
in the presence of certain medical conditions. If any accepted common name, under appropriate therapeutic
such contraindications exist, they are summarized category headings. Herbs deemed effective by
here. Commission E are flagged with a (•) symbol at their
left. To facilitate comparison with prescription and
• Precautions and Adverse Reactions: Found in nonprescription drugs, PDR's standard therapeutic cat
this section are any cautions or special considerations egories are used throughout.
regarding safe use of the herb, including any restric
tions on use in pregnancy or childhood. Although • Indications Index: This index lists herbs and their
most herbal remedies are notably free of known side page numbers, alphabetically by accepted common
effects, any reported in the available literature are name, under their various indications. Herbs deemed
noted here. effective for the indication by Commission E are
flagged with a (•) symbol at their left. To help you
• Overdosage: As we all know, "natural" is not syn quickly identify conventional alternatives, the indica
onymous with "benign," and an overdose of many tion headings match those found in PDR's Indications
"healing" herbs can have serious—even fatal—conse Index, which appears in the PDR Companion Guide™
quences. Whenever adverse effects of overdose have and the PDR Electronic Library ™ CD-ROM.
been found in the literature, they are reported here,
along with the appropriate medical interventions to be • Homeopathic Indications Index: Included in this
undertaken when an overdose occurs. index are only the uses found in homeopathy. Herbs,
which homeopaths typically prescribe by scientific
• Dosage: Listed here are common modes of admin name, are listed here in the same manner, followed by
istration, forms and strengths of available commercial their accepted common name in parentheses. As in
preparations, methods for preparing the natural herb, the main indications index, headings are chosen to
and representative dosage recommendations drawn match those in the PDR Companion Guide.
from the literature. Note, however, that dosage recom
mendations can be used only as a general guide. The • Asian Indications Index: Entries in this index are
potency of individual preparations and extracts is sub limited to uses found in Chinese and Indian medicine.
ject to substantial variation, so the manufacturer's (Chinese entries are signified with a "C;" Indian
directions should be consulted whenever available. entries with an "I.") Herbs are listed by accepted com
mon name. Once again, indication headings employ
• Literature: This section provides you with a the nomenclature used in the PDR Companion Guide.
unique bibliography of the technical literature.
Because German researchers have been particularly • Side Effects Index: In this index, you'll find a list
active in the herbal arena, you will find an unusual of all herbs associated with a given adverse reaction.
number of German-language citations. However, Herbs are listed alphabetically by accepted common
work in the English literature is included as well. name, with the scientific name and page number
VI PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES
appended. Nomenclature employed in the side effect evidence and cannot be considered firm or final. The
headings matches that used in PDR's Side Effects publisher does not warrant that any herb will unfail
Index, another feature of the PDR Companion Guide ingly and uniformly exhibit the properties ascribed to
and the PDR Electronic Library CD-ROM. it by Germany's Commission E or any other scientific
authority.
• Drug/Herb Interactions Guide: In this convenient
reference, each potential interaction is listed under In the United States, herbal products are marketed
both the name of the drug and the name of the interact under the provisions of the Dietary Supplement and
ing herb. A brief description of the interaction's effect Health Education Act of 1994, which prohibits their
follows each item. sale for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of
any disease. Enumeration of specific commercial
• Safety Guide: This section lists botanicals in three preparations within an herbal monograph should not
precautionary categories: be construed as a claim or warranty of their efficacy
— Not for use during pregnancy for any purpose, by either the manufacturer or the pub
— Not for use while nursing lisher. Furthermore, it should be understood that, just
— For use only under supervision as omission of a product does not signify rejection,
Here, the scientific, common, and brand names of all inclusion of a product does not imply endorsement,
herbs in each category are listed alphabetically, togeth and that the publisher is not advocating the use of any
er with the appropriate page number for further infor product or substance described herein.
mation.
Please remember, too, that dosing of herbal prepara
• Manufacturers Index: This index provides you tions is highly dependent on a variety of factors, such
with contact information for each supplier whose prod as cultivation and harvesting conditions, the specific
ucts appear in the herbal monographs. The names of parts of the plant to be processed, the extraction meth
the products, together with the page number of the ods employed, and the dosage form chosen by the
monograph in which they appear, are included in each manufacturer. Since there are no official standards
manufacturer's entry. governing the production of herbal medicines in the
United States, and the potency and the purity of herbal
Following the indices, just as in PDR itself, you'll find products are subject to substantial variation, dosage
an extensive full-color identification section. The first ranges set forth in the herbal monographs must be
part of the section—the Herb Identification Guide— employed only as general guidelines.
encompasses nearly 400 of the most widely used
herbs. The second part—the Product Identification In addition, the publisher does not guarantee that
Guide—includes photos of some of the more popular every possible hazard, adverse effect, contraindication,
commercial formulations. Together, these guides pro precaution, or consequence of overdose is included in
vide you with a truly unique reference unmatched in the summaries presented here. The publisher has per
any other printed resource. We've also included a formed no independent verification of the data report
brief glossary of the unfamiliar terms found in the ed herein, and expressly disclaims responsibility for
monographs. any error, whether inherent in the underlying literature
or resulting from erroneous translation, transcription,
PDR for Herbal Medicines is the product of one of the or typography.
most thorough and inclusive examinations of the
herbal literature ever undertaken. Nevertheless, it's When patients approach you—as they surely will—for
important to remember that it merely summarizes and advice on the latest herbal "discovery" to hit the night
synthesizes key data from the underlying research ly news, we hope that PDR for Herbal Medicines will
reports, and of necessity includes neither every pub provide you with all the facts you need to offer sound,
lished report nor every recorded fact. rational guidance firmly grounded in fact. Certainly
such counseling is the aim of every dedicated health
As in all scientific investigation, conclusions regarding care professional. And at PDR, we fully share that
the effectiveness of the herbs discussed in this com goal.
pendium are based on the preponderance of current
1-1
Alphabetical Index
Listed here are all scientific, common, and brand names to be found in the herbal monographs.
Generally accepted common names that serve as monograph titles appear in bold type. Scientific
names are shown in italic type. Brand names are followed by the supplier's name in parentheses.
If an entry lists two page numbers, the first refers to a photograph of the plant or product in the
Identification Guide, the second to the herbal monograph.
A Acorus calamus G-7, 138 AGA
Acrid Crowfoot 133 (Amanita muscaria) G-3, 8
Aaron's Rod
Acrid Lettuce 433
AGAR
(Sempervivum tectorum) . .0-14, 411
Actaea spicata so
(Gelidium amansii) 9
Aaron's Rod
Activated Ginkgo Tablets
(Solidago canadensis) 145 Agar-Agar 9
(Aim for Herbs) 342
Aaron's Rod Aged Garlic Extract, Kyolic
Activin Capsules
(Solidago virgaurea) 0-11, 289 Hi-Po Formula Capsules
(Advanced Nutritional) 362
Aaron's Rod (Wakunaga) 327
Adam's Apple G-16, 476
(Verbascum densiflorum) .0-18, 832 Agrimonia eupatoria G-3, 10
Adam's Flannel G-18, 532
Abelmoschus moschatus 833
AGRIMONY
Abelmosk 833 ADAM'S NEEDLE (Agrimonia eupatoria) G-3, 10
Abies alba 802 (Yucca filamentosa) 4
Agropyron repens G-23, 771
Abrus precatorius 43s Adder's Eyes 0-22, 668 Agrostemma githago 222
ABSCESS ROOT Adder's Mouth 180 Ague Grass 11
(Polemonium reptans) 0-3, 3 Adder's Root 46 Ague Tree G-21, 662
Adderwort o-s, 82 Ague-Root 11
Absinthe 0-2*, 829
Adiantum capillus-veneris 491 Agueweed o-6, 113
Abyssinian Tea 447
Ailanthus altissima 770
ADONIS
ACACIA Ailanto 770
(Acacia arabica) 3 (Adonis vernalis) 0-3, 3
Airelle G-3, 7s
Acacia 378 Adonis vernalis c-3, 3 Ajuga chamaepitys G-13, 373
Acacia arabica 3 Ajuga reptans G-6, 12s
ADRUE
Acacia Bark 3 Akebia 189
(Cyperus articulatus) c-3, 6
Acacia catechu 183 Akebia quinata 189
Adulsa G-17, 492
Acacia Senegal 378 Alant (Inula britannica) 119
Aegle marmelos 88
Acalypha indica 419 Alant (Inula helenium) G-10,266
Aegopodium podagraria ... .0-13, 36i
Acer rubrum 0-21, 838 Alcanna : G-14, 391
Aesculus hippocastanum ... G-14, 403
Achillea millefolium G-26, 833 Alcea rosea G-14, 398
Aethusa cynapium 0-12, 316
Achillea ptarmica 700 Alchemilla vulgaris G-13, 436
Aframomum melegueta G-13, 362
Achweed 0-13, 36i Alchornea floribunda . 424
African Pepper 0-8, ies
Aconite 0-18,321 Alcohol Free Black Walnut
Aconite Bean 376 AFRICAN POTATO Green Hulls Fluid Extract
Aconitum napellus G-18, 321 (Hypoxis rooperi) 7 (Nature's Answer) 134
1-2 /ALCOHOL FREE CHASTE TREE BERRY LIQUID PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES
Alcohol Free Chaste Tree Alfalfa Herbs Tablets Aloe Vera Concentrate 5000
Berry Liquid (Nature Made) 12 Capsules (Mason Vitamins) . . . . 16
(Nature's Answer) 176 Alfalfa Leaf Capsules Aloe Vera Mild Stimulant
Alcohol Free Dandelion Root (Frontier, Nature's Herbs) 12 Laxative Capsules
Liquid (Nature's Answer) . . . .245 Alfalfa Liquid (Nature's Herbs) 16
Alcohol Free Ginger Root (McZand, Nature's Answer) .. .12 Aloe Vera Super-Strength
Fluid Extract Alfalfa Natural Tablets Liquid
(Nature's Answer) 339 (Nature's Bounty) 12 (Pharmaceutical Labs) 16
Alfalfa Tablets (Apothecary,
Alcohol Free Gotu Kola Herb Aloe-Root 11
Basic Vitamins, Major,
Liquid (Nature's Answer) .... 359 Aloysia triphylla 463
Mason Vitamins,
Alcohol Free Horsetail Liquid
(Nature's Answer) 409 National Vitamin, ALPINE CRANBERRY
Nature's Resource, (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) .... G-3, 20
Alcohol Free Kava Kava
Rexall Consumer) 12
Liquid (Nature's Answer) . . . .443
Alfalfa Whole Juice ALPINE RAGWORT
Alcohol Free Milk Thistle
Concentrate Liquid (Senecio nemorensis) 21
Seed Liquid
(Futurebiotics) 12
Alpine Strawberry G-23, 735
(Nature's Answer) 516
Alfamin Tablets (Key Co.) 12
Alpinia officinarum 467
Alcohol Free Mullein Leaves
Liquid (Nature's Answer) 532 ALISMA Alstonia Bark 305
(Alisma plantago- Alstonia constricta 305
Alcohol Free Nettles Leaf
aquatica) G-3, 13
Liquid (Nature's Answer) 729
ALTERIS
Alcohol Free Passionflower Alisma plantago-aquatica .... G-3, 13
(Aletris farinosa) 11
Liquid (Nature's Answer) 573 ALKANET
Alterra Extended-Release
Alcohol Free Red Raspberry (Alkanna tinctoria) G-3, 13
Tablets (Upsher-Smith) 719
Leaf Liquid
Alkanet Root G-3, 13
Althaea officinalis 505
(Nature's Answer) 630
Alkanna tinctoria G-3, 13
Althea 505
Alcohol Free Sage Liquid
Ail-Heal
Althea Rose G-14, 398
(Nature's Answer) 655
{Valeriana officinalis) . . . .G-25, 783
Alumsroot 233
Alcohol Free White Willow
All-Heal (Viscum album) . . .0-11, 291
Alvita Astragalus Root
Bark Liquid
Allium cepa G-19, 557
Tea Bags (Alvita Tea) 54
(Nature's Answer) 807
Allium sativum G-12, 327
Amanita muscaria G-3, 8
Alcohol Free Yarrow Flowers Allium schoenoprasum G-8, 188
Amantilla G-25, 783
Liquid (Nature's Answer) . . . .833 Allium ursinum 66
Alcohol Free Yellowdock Allseed Nine-Joints G-IS, 448
AMARANTH
Root Liquid Allspice 590 (Amaranthus
(Nature's Answer) 835
hypochondriacus) G-3, 22
ALMOND
Alder Buckthorn c-12, 317
(Prunus dulcis) 15 Amaranthus
Alder Dogwood G-12, 317
Alehoof .372 Alnus glutinosa G-S, 89 hypochondriacus G-3, 22
Alerce 660
ALOE AMARGO
Aletris farinosa 11 (Aloe barbadensis; Aloe (Quassia amara) . .. .r G-3, 23
Alexandrian Senna G-22, 684 capensis; Aloe vera) G-3, ie
Amber G-23, 719
Aloe 99 Gel (Lee) ie
ALFALFA Ambretta 533
Aloe barbadensis G-3, ie
(Medicago sativa) G-3, 12 Ambrette Seed ' 533
Aloe capensis G-3, ie
Ambroise G-26, 826
Alfalfa Capsules Aloe ferox ie
(Nature's Way) 12 Aloe vera G-3, 16
AMERICAN ADDER'S TONGUE
Alfalfa Concentrate Tablets Aloe Vera Capsules (ADH,
(Erythronium americanum) ... .24
(Freeda) 12 Herbal Harvest, National
Alfalfa Fortified Tablets Vitamin, Nature's Bounty, AMERICAN BITTERSWEET
(Mason Vitamins) 12 Nature's Way) ie (Celastrus scandens) 24
1-4/ASS'S FOOT PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES
ASS'S Foot G-9, 209 Ballota nigra G-S, 98 Bayberry (Myrica cerifera) .G-22, 705
Asthma Weed G-ie 479 Balm G-16, 46i Bayberry (Myrica gale) . . . .G-24, 745
f
Astragali 54 Balm of Gilead Fir 714 Bayberry Bark Capsules
(Nature's Herbs) 705
ASTRAGALUS BALMONY
Bayberry Bark Liquid Fluid
(Astragalus species) 54 (Chelone glabra) G-4, 59
Extract (Nature's Answer) ... .705
Astragalus Capsules Balsam Fir 714 Bayberry Root Capsules
(Natrol, Solaray) 54 Balsam of Peru G-24, 764 (Nature's Way) 705
Astragalus gummifer 767 Balsam of Tolu G-24, 764 Bean Herb G-23, 739
Astragalus Liquid Balsam Styracis G-23, 734
BEAN POD
(Nature's Answer) 54 Balsam Tree G-24, 764
(Phaseolus vulgaris) G-4, 65
Astragalus Root Capsules Balsam-Weed 436
(Nature's Way) 54 Bean Trifoil 452
BAMBOO
Astragalus Root Liquid Bearberry G-25, 779
(Arundinaria japonica) .... G-4, 60
(McZand) 54 Bearbind G-13, 367
Astragalus species 54 Banana 597 Beard Moss 778
Astragalus Vegicaps (Solgar) ... .54 Banana Tree 597 Bearded Darnel G-24, 756
Athyrium filix-femina G-15, 454 Band Man's Plaything G-26, 833 Bear's Foot
Atractylodes japonica 430 BANEBERRY (Alchemilla vulgaris) G-15, 456
Atractylodes lancea 706 (Actaea spicata) 60 Bear's Foot
Atropa belladonna G-4, 69 (Helleborus viridis) 368
Banisteriopsis caapi 833
August Flower 379
BEAR'S GARLIC
Bantu Tulip 7
Australian Febrifuge 305 (Allium ursinum) 66
Baptisia tinctoria G-26, 812
Australian Fever Bush 305
Barbary 487 Bear's Grape G-20, 602
Australian Pepper Tree 139
Bear's Paw Root G-17, 493
Australian Quinine 305 BARBERRY
Bear's Weed 84i
Autumn Crocus G-9, 206 (Berberis vulgaris) G-4, 61
Bearsgrape G-25, 779
Ava G-15, 443
Barber's Brush G-24, 757 Beaver Poison G-13, 386
Ava Pepper G-15, 443
Bardana G-7, 128 Beaver Tree 490
Avena sativa G-IS, 551
Beccabunga G-6, 121
Avens Root G-4, 71 BARLEY
Bedstraw 193
(Hordeum distichon) G-4, 63
Averrhoa carambola 148
Bee Balm 562
Barley Grain Capsules
AVOCADO Bee Nettle G-25, soe
(ADH) 63
(Persea americana) 57 Beechdrops 109
Barosma betulina 691
Beeflower G-25, 792
Ayahuasca 833 Barweed 193
Beefsteak Plant 583
Ayegreen G-14, 411 Basam G-22, 672
Bees' Nest G-25, 809
Ayron G-14, 411 Basics Stinging Nettles
Azedarach G-18, 539 Capsules (Natrol) 729 BEET
(Beta vulgaris) G-4, 67
BASIL
B
Beg Kei 54
(Ocimum basilicum) G-4, 64
Beggar's Blanket G-IS, 532
Babul Bark . '. .3
Basil Thyme 138
Beggar's Buttons G-7, 128
Backache Root G-17, 503
Bastard Cinnamon 182
Beggarweed
Badiana G-23, 725
Bastard Jasmine 487
(Cuscuta epithymum) G-10, 254
Bastard Saffron 652
BAEL Beggarweed
(Aegle marmelos) 58 Batchelor's Buttons (Polygonum aviculare) . . G-15, 448
(Centaurea cyanus) G-9, 225
Beggary G-12, 322
Bahama Cascarilla ise
Batchelor's Buttons
Bahia Powder 352 BEHEN
(Ranunculus acris) 133
Bai-Zi-Ren seo (Moringa oleifera) 67
Bay G-15, 459
BALLOON-FLOWER Bay Laurel G-15, 459 Bei Qi 54
(Platycodon grandiflorum) 58 Bay Tree G-15, 459 Bel 58