PDF Format - Wisconsin Corn Agronomy - University of Wisconsin

56 Pages·2013·1.05 MB·English

A3653
WISCONSIN CORN HYBRID
PERFORMANCE TRIALS
GRAIN • SILAGE • SPECIALTY • ORGANIC
JOE LAUER, KENT KOHN, THIERNO DIALLO
Department of Agronomy, College of Agricultural
2013
and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin-Extension
Wisconsin Crop Improvement Association
A3653
WISCONSIN CORN HYBRID
PERFORMANCE TRIALS
GRAIN • SILAGE • SPECIALTY • ORGANIC
JOE LAUER, KENT KOHN, THIERNO DIALLO
Department of Agronomy, College of Agricultural
2013
and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin-Extension
Wisconsin Crop Improvement Association
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................1
PRESENTATION OF DATA ........................................................................................................................2
HOW TO USE THE RESULTS ...................................................................................................................3
FOR MORE INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................4
2013 TRIALS INFORMATION TABLES TABLE PAGE
Companies ................................................................................................1 5
Hybrids .....................................................................................................2 6
Transgenic technologies ............................................................................3 11
Seed treatments ........................................................................................4 12
Temperature and precipitation summary....................................................5 13
Individual trial information ..........................................................................6 14
GRAIN TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington, Janesville, Lancaster)
Early maturity trial results ............................................................7 15
Late maturity trial results .............................................................8 17
South Central Zone (Fond du Lac, Galesville, Hancock/irrigated)
Early maturity trial results ............................................................9 19
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................10 21
North Central Zone (Chippewa Falls, Seymour, Valders)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................11 23
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................12 24
Northern Zone (Spooner/three sites and Coleman)
Trial results ...............................................................................13 27
SILAGE TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington and Lancaster)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................14 29
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................15 30
South Central Zone (Fond du Lac and Galesville)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................16 32
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................17 33
ii Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013
SILAGE TRIALS (CONTINUED) TABLE PAGE
North Central Zone (Chippewa Falls and Valders)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................18 35
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................19 36
Northern Zone (Spooner/two sites and Coleman)
Trial results ...............................................................................20 38
ORGANIC GRAIN TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington, Janesville, Lancaster)
Trial results. ..............................................................................21 40
North Central Zone (Chippewa Falls, Seymour, Valders)
Trial results ...............................................................................22 41
DRYLAND GRAIN TRIALS
Central Zone (Chippewa Falls, Hancock)
Trial results ...............................................................................23 42
CONVENTIONAL GRAIN TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington, Janesville, Lancaster)
Trial results ...............................................................................24 43
HYBRID COMPARISONS OVER TIME
Comparisons over time of all hybrids tested between 2013 and 2011 ......25 44
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE
Wisconsin relative maturity belts and test sites .........................................1 iv
Relationship between milk per acre and milk per ton of corn hybrids:
Southern Zone ................................................................................2 31
South Central Zone .........................................................................3 34
North Central Zone ..........................................................................4 37
Northern Zone .................................................................................5 39
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013 iii
Figure 1. Wisconsin relative
Bayfield maturity belts and test sites.
Douglas
Ashland Iron
Vilas
Washburn Sawyer
Burnett Price
Oneida Florence
N
8855 aanndd eeaarrlliieerr
SSPPOOOONNEERR
Forest
N
Polk Marinette
Rusk Lincoln
Barron Taylor Langlade
Chippewa 8855––9900 N CCOOLLEEMMAANN
St. Croix NC CCHHIIPPPPEEWWAA FFAALLLLSS Marathon Menominee Oconto
Dunn
Door
Eau Claire Clark Shawano Door
9900 ––9955
Pierce N MMAARRSSHHFFIIEELLDD NC SSEEYYMMOOUURR
Pepin
NCMMAARRSSHHFFIIEELLDD Kewaunee
9955––110000
Corn Buffalo Jackson Wood Portage Waupaca Outagamie Brown
Trempealeau
Production SC GGAALLEESSVVIILLLLEE Juneau SC HHAANNCCOOCCKK Manitowoc
Adams Waushara Winnebago Calumet NC VVAALLDDEERRSS
Zones Monroe
Marquette
La Crosse 110000––110055 SC FFOONNDD DDUU LLAACC
N Northern Green Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
NC North Central Sauk Columbia Dodge
Ozaukee
Richland
S AARRLLIINNGGTTOONN
SC South Central Washington
Crawford 110055––111100
Iowa
S Southern S LLAANNCCAASSTTEERR Dane Jefferson Waukesha Milwaukee
Grant
Dashed lines indicate 111100––111155 S JJAANNEESSVVIILLLLEE Racine
hybrid maturity belts, Lafayette Green Rock Walworth Kenosha
and numbers are relative
maturity belts in days RM.
Trait references
References to transgenic traits in this publication are for your convenience and are not an endorsement
or criticism of one trait over other similar traits. Every attempt was made to ensure accuracy of traits in
the hybrids tested. You are responsible for using traits according to the current label directions of seed
companies. Follow directions exactly to protect the environment and people from misuse. Failure to do so
violates the law.
iv Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013
INTRODUCTION
Every year, the University of Wisconsin-Extension green with high grain moisture. Due to a dry and
and the University of Wisconsin–Madison College relatively warm September and October, however,
of Agricultural and Life Sciences conduct a good grain drying occurred in early plantings, with
corn evaluation program in cooperation with the harvest grain moisture normal in all trials. Test
Wisconsin Crop Improvement Association. The weight was above average for most locations. Little
purpose of this program is to provide unbiased insect or disease pressure was observed in the
performance comparisons of hybrid seed corn for trials. Grain and silage yields were above normal
both grain and silage available in Wisconsin. compared to the 10-year average at early planted
sites. Fall weather conditions, although dry, were
In 2013, grain and silage performance trials were ideal for harvest and fall farm work.
planted at 14 locations in four production zones: the
southern, south central, north central, and northern CULTURAL PRACTICES
zones. Both seed companies and university
The seedbed at each location was prepared
researchers submitted hybrids. Companies with
by either conventional or conservation tillage
hybrids included in the 2013 trials are listed in
methods. Seed treatments of hybrids entered into
Table 1. Specific hybrids and where they were
the trials are described in Table 4. Fertilizer was
tested are shown in Table 2. A summary of the
applied as recommended by soil tests. Herbicides
transgenic traits tested in 2013 is shown in Table 3.
were applied for weed control and supplemented
In the back of the report, hybrids previously tested
with cultivation when necessary. Corn rootworm
over the past three years are listed in Table 25. At
insecticide was applied when the previous crop
most locations, trials were divided into early and
was corn. Information on cultural practices for each
late maturity trials based on the hybrid relative
location is summarized in Table 6.
maturities provided by the companies. The specific
relative maturities separating early and late trials
PLANTING
are listed in the tables.
A precision vacuum corn planter was used at all
locations except Spooner. Two-row plots, 25 feet
GROWING CONDITIONS FOR 2013
long, were planted at all locations. Plots were not
Seasonal precipitation and temperature at the
hand-thinned. Each hybrid was grown in at least
trial sites are shown in Table 5. The 2013 planting
three separate plots (replicates) at each location to
season was one of the longest ever recorded in
account for field variability.
Wisconsin. Frequent rains caused delays, with
many growers in central Wisconsin not planting
HARVESTING
until the end of June. The trials at Marshfield were
GRAIN: Two-row plots were harvested with a self
planted on June 3 but had to be abandoned due
propelled corn combine. Lodged plants and/or
to cool, wet conditions caused by rain and flooding
broken stalks were counted, plot grain weights and
within the field. Over the entire growing season,
moisture contents were measured, and yields were
growing degree-day accumulation was below the
calculated and adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Test
30-year normal in both northern and southern
weight was measured on each plot.
Wisconsin. During May and June precipitation was
significantly above average throughout Wisconsin.
SILAGE: Whole plant (silage) plots were harvested
Later during the growing season, many areas
using a tractor-driven, three-point mounted one-row
of western Wisconsin were affected by drought
chopper. One row was analyzed for whole-plant
during August and September. Some later-planted
yield and quality. Plot weight and moisture content
fields were still green with high moisture once the
were measured, and yields were adjusted to tons
harvest season began. At the beginning of the
of dry matter per acre. A sub-sample was collected
harvest season, some later-planted fields were still
and analyzed using near infrared spectroscopy.
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013 1
PRESENTATION OF DATA
Yield results for individual location trials and for and lodged stalks at a 50 (yield): 35 (moisture):
multi-location averages are listed in Tables 7 15 (lodged stalks) ratio.
through 24. Within each trial, hybrids are ranked
by moisture averaged over all trials conducted in The PI was computed by converting the yield,
that zone during 2013. Yield data for both 2012 and moisture (dry matter), and upright stalk values of
2013 are provided if the hybrid was entered in the each hybrid to a percentage of the test average.
2012 trials. Starting in 2009, a nearest neighbor Then the PI for each hybrid that appears in the
analysis of variance for all trials as described by tables was calculated as follows:
Yang et al. (2004, Crop Science 44:49–55) and
Performance Index (PI) =
Smith and Casler (2004, Crop Science 44:56–62)
[(Yield x 0.50) + (Dry matter x 0.35) +
is included. A hybrid index (Table 2) lists relative
(Upright stalks x 0.15)] / 100
maturity ratings, specialty traits, seed treatments,
and production zones tested for each hybrid.
SILAGE PERFORMANCE INDEX
Corn silage quality was analyzed using near
RELATIVE MATURITY
infrared spectroscopy equations derived from
Seed companies use different methods and
previous work. Plot samples were dried, ground,
standards to classify or rate the maturity of corn
and analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent
hybrids. To provide corn producers a “standard”
fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in-vitro
maturity comparison for the hybrids evaluated,
cell wall digestibility (NDFD), in-vitro digestibility
the average grain or silage moisture of all hybrids
(IVD), and starch. Spectral groups and outliers
rated by the company’s relative maturity rating
were checked using wet chemistry analysis.
system are shown in each table as shaded rows. In
these Wisconsin results tables, hybrids with lower
The MILK2006 silage performance indices,
moisture than a particular relative maturity average
milk per ton and milk per acre, were calculated
are likely to be earlier than that relative maturity,
using an adaptation by Randy Shaver (UW–
while those with higher grain moisture are most
Madison Department of Dairy Science) of the
likely later in relative maturity. Company relative
MILK91 model (Undersander, Howard, and
maturity ratings are rounded to 5-day increments.
Shaver; Journal Production Agriculture 6:231–
235). In MILK2006, the energy content of corn
The Wisconsin Relative Maturity rating system
silage was estimated using a modification of a
for grain (GRM) and silage (SRM) compares the
published summative energy equation (Weiss
harvest moisture of a grain or silage hybrid to the
and coworkers, 1992; Animal Feed Science
average moisture of company ratings using linear
Technology 39:95–110). In the modified
regression. Each hybrid is rated within the trial
summative equation, CP, fat, NDF, starch, and
and averaged over all trials in a zone. Maturity
sugar plus organic acid fractions were included
ratings (company, GRM, and SRM) can be found in
along with their corresponding total-tract
Table 2.
digestibility coefficients for estimating the energy
content of corn silage. Whole-plant dry matter
GRAIN PERFORMANCE INDEX
content was normalized to 35% for all hybrids.
Three factors—yield, moisture, and standability— The sample lab measure of NDFD was used
are of primary importance in evaluating and for the NDF digestibility coefficient. Digestibility
selecting corn hybrids. A performance index coefficients used for the CP, fat, and sugar plus
(PI), which combines these factors in one number, organic acid fractions were constants. Dry matter
was calculated for multi-location averages for intake was estimated using NDF and NDFD
grain trials. This index evaluates yield, moisture, content assuming a 1,350-pound cow consuming
2 Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013
a 30% NDF diet. Using National Research the appropriate least significant difference (LSD)
Council (NRC, 2001) energy requirements, the value at the bottom of the tables to determine true
intake of energy from corn silage was converted differences.
to expected milk per ton. Milk per acre was
calculated using milk per ton and dry matter yield Least significant differences at the 10% level
per acre estimates (Schwab, Shaver, Lauer, of probability are shown. Where the difference
and Coors, 2003; Animal Feed and Science between two selected hybrids within a column
Technology 109:1–18). is greater than or equal to the LSD value at the
bottom of the column, you can be sure in nine out
LEAST SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE of ten cases that there is a real difference between
the two hybrid averages. If the difference is less
Variations in yield and other characteristics occur
than the LSD value, the difference may still be real,
because of variations in soil and growing conditions
but the experiment has produced no evidence of
that lower the precision of the results. Statistical
real differences. Hybrids that were not significantly
analysis makes it possible to determine, with known
lower in performance than the highest hybrid in a
probabilities of error, whether a difference is real
particular test are indicated with an asterisk (*).
or whether it might have occurred by chance. Use
HOW TO USE THE RESULTS
The results provide you with an independent, 5. Evaluate the consistency of the performance
objective evaluation of the performance of of the hybrids on your list over the years and
unfamiliar hybrids that seed company sales in other zones.
representatives are promoting, as well as a
a. Scan the 2012 results. Be wary of any hybrids
comparison of these unfamiliar hybrids with
on your list that had a 2012 PI of 100 or lower.
competitive hybrids. Below are suggested steps to
Choose two or three of the remaining hybrids
follow for selecting top performing hybrids for next
that have relatively high PIs for both 2012 and
year using these trial results:
2013.
b. Check to see if the hybrids you have chosen
1. Use multi-location average data in shaded
were entered in other zones. (For example,
areas. Consider single location results with
some hybrids entered in the Southern Zone
extreme caution.
Trials, Tables 7 and 8, are also entered in the
2. Begin with trials in the zone(s) nearest you.
South Central Zone Trials, Tables 9 and 10.)
3. Compare hybrids with similar maturities within
c. Be wary of any hybrids with a PI of 100 or
a trial. You will need to divide most trials into
lower for 2012 or 2013 in any other zones.
at least two and sometimes three groups with
6. Repeat this procedure with about three maturity
similar average harvest moisture—within about a
groups to select top-performing hybrids with a
2% range in moisture.
range in maturity in order to spread weather risks
4. Make a list of five to 10 hybrids with highest
and harvest time.
2013 performance index within each maturity
group within a trial.
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013 3
7. Observe the relative performance of the hybrids 9. Remember that you don’t know what weather
you have chosen based on these trial results conditions (rainfall, temperature) will be like
in several other reliable, unbiased trials and be next year. Therefore, the most reliable way to
wary of any with inconsistent performance. choose hybrids with greatest chance to perform
best next year on your farm is to consider
8. Consider including the hybrids you have chosen
performance in both 2012 and 2013 over a wide
in your own test plot, primarily to evaluate the
range of locations and climatic conditions.
way hybrids stand after maturity, dry-down rate,
grain quality, or ease of combine shelling or
picking. Note: You are taking a tremendous gamble if you
make hybrid selection decisions based on 2013
yield comparisons in only one or two local test
plots.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Current and past versions of Wisconsin Corn To obtain a printed copy, visit UW-Extension’s
Hybrid Performance Trials (A3653) are available Learning Store at learningstore.uwex.edu, where
in Microsoft Excel and Acrobat PDF formats at the the most current version of Wisconsin Corn Hybrid
Wisconsin Corn Agronomy website: Performance Trials (A3653) can be ordered or
corn.agronomy.wisc.edu. downloaded.
For more information on the Wisconsin Crop
Improvement Association, visit: wcia.wisc.edu.
4 Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2013
Table 1. Companies included in the 2013 trials.
Brand Company Address City State Zip Website
AgriGold AgriGold Hybrids 5381 Akin Road St. Francisville IL 62460 agrigold.com
Blue River Hybirds Blue River Hybrids 27087 Timber Road Kelley IA 50134 blueriverorgseed.com
Brunner Brunner Seed, Inc W. 3850 US HWY 10 Durand WI 54736 brunnerseeds.com
Carharts Blue Top Carharts Blue Top Seed, Inc N 14743 County Rd. M Galesville WI 54630
Catalyst Burrus Bros and AssocGrowers 826 Arenzville Rd Arenzville IL 62611 hugheshybrid.com
Channel Channel 1107 Overlook Drive Preston MI 55965 channel.com
Cornelius Cornelius Seed 14760 317th Ave Bellevue IA 52031 corneliusseed.com
Dahlman Dahlman Seed Co. 73504 200th Street Dassel MN 55325 dahlmanseed.com
Dairyland Dairyland Seed P.O. Box 958 West Bend WI 53095 dairylandseed.com
Dekalb Dekalb W. 4166 CTY RD H Pine River WI 54965 monsanto.com
DuPont Pioneer Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l, Inc 151 St. Andrews Ct. Suite 910 Mankato MN 56001 pioneer.com
Elk Mound Elk Mound Seed 308 Railroad Ave Elk Mound WI 54739 elkmoundseed.com
Federal Hybrids Federal Hybrids 209 3rd Street N.E P.O. Box 17 West Bend IA 50597 federalhybrids.com
Foundation Direct Foundation Direct Seeds 634 13th Avenue North Onalaska WI 54650 foundationorganicseed.com
Foundation Organic Foundation Organic Seeds 634 13th Avenue North Onalaska WI 54650 foundationorganicseed.com
Golden Harvest Syngenta W 5323 Hall Rd Poynette WI 53955 syngenta.com
Great Lakes Great Lakes Hybrids 9915 West M-21 Hwy Ovid MI 48866 greatlakeshybrids.com
Hughes Burrus Bros and AssocGrowers 826 Arenzville Rd Arenzville IL 62611 hugheshybrids.com
InVision Growmark, Inc 1701 Towanda Ave Bloomington IL 61701 fsseeds.com
Jung Jung Seed Genetics, Inc 341 South High Street Randolph WI 53956 jungseedgentics.com
Kussmaul Kussmaul Seed Co. 9020 Hwy 18 Mt. Hope WI 53816 kussmaulseeds.com
Legacy Seeds Legacy Seeds, Inc P.O. Box 68 Scandinavia WI 54977 legacyseeds.com
Legend Seeds Legend Seeds P.O. Box 241 De Smet SD 57231 legendseeds.net
Lemke Lemke Seed Farms, Inc 10220 N. Granville Rd. 107 W Mequon WI 53097 lemkeseed.com
LG Seeds LG Seeds 22827 Shissler Road Elmwood IL 61529 lgseeds.com
Masters Choice Masters Choice, Inc 3010 State Rt 146 E Anna IL 62906 seedcorn.com
Munson Munson Hybrids 1262 Knox Rd 100 E Galesburg IL 61401 munsonhybrids.com
Mycogen Mycogen Seeds 9330 Zionsville Road Indianapolis IN 46268 mycogen.com
NK Brand Syngenta W 5323 Hall Rd Poynette WI 53955 syngenta.com
Nu Tech Nu Tech Seed, LLC 2321 North Loop Drive, Suite 230 Ames IA 50010 yieldleader.com
Nu Tech/ G2 Genetics Nu Tech Seed, LLC 2321 North Loop Drive, Suite 230 Ames IA 50010 yieldleader.com
O'Brien O'Brien Farms, Inc 552 Glenway Road Brooklyn WI 53521 obrienhybrids.com
PiP/Steyer Partners in Production, LLC P.O. Box 777 Sun Prairie WI 53590 pipseeds.com
PiP Partners in Production, LLC P.O. Box 777 Sun Prairie WI 53590 pipseeds.com
Pilgrim Elk Mound Seed 308 Railroad Ave Elk Mound WI 54739 elkmoundseed.com
Prairie Hybrids Prairie Hybrids Seeds 27445 Hurd Road Deer Grove IL 61243 prairiehybrids.com
ProHarvest Brunner Seed, Inc W 3850 HWY 10 Durand WI 54736 brunnerseeds.com
Renk Renk Seed Co. 6809 Wilburn Road Sun Prairie WI 53590 renkseed.com
Spectrum Spectrum Seed Solutions 220 S. Main Street P.O. 7 Linden IN 47955 spectrumseed.com
Titan Pro SCI Titan Pro SCI 1301 S. 24th Street Clear Lake IA 50428 titanprosci.com
Tracy Seeds Tracy Seeds, LLC 1805 S. State RD 140 Janesville WI 53546 tracyseeds.com
UW UW Agronomy 1575 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 corn.agronomy.wisc.edu
Unity Seeds Unity Seeds, LLC 3589 Sagamore Pkwy N Ste 280 Lafayette IN 47904 unityseeds.com
Viking Albert Lea Seed 1414 W. Main St./P.O. Box 127 Albert Lea MN 56007 alseed.com
Wyffels Wyffels Hybrid 13344 US HWY 6 Geneseo IL 61254 wyffels.com
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials-2013 5