Pavement Management for Airports, Roads, and Parking Lots

458 Pages·1994·13.24 MB·English

by  M. Y. Shahin (auth.)

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AIRPORTS, ROADS,
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M.Y. Shahin
....
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Sp ringer-Science+B usiness Media, B. V.
" Electronic Services <http://www.wkap.nl>
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shahin, Mohammed Y.
Pavement management for airports, roads, and parking lotslM.Y.Shahin
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-4757-2289-5 ISBN 978-1-4757-2287-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-2287-1
I.Pavements-Management 2.Pavements-Maintenance and repair-Management.
I. Title.
TE250.S455 1994 93-47382
625.8--dc20 CIP
Copyright © 1994 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Third Printing 1998 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1994.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo
copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Printed on acid-free paper.
To my parents,
Abadallah Shahin
Nazira Ibrahim
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgement xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background 1
l.2 Pavement Management as an Engineered Management System 3
1.3 The Pavement Management Process 4
1.4 Book Organization 5
Chapter 2 Pavement Network Definition 7
2.1 Branch Definition 8
2.2 Section Definition 8
2.3 Other Section Classifications 12
Chapter 3 Pavement Distress Survey and Rating Procedures 15
3.1 Overview 15
3.2 Dividing Pavement into Sampie Units 16
3.3 Determining Sampie Units to Be Surveyed 18
3.4 Performing the Condition Survey 23
3.5 Cakulating PCI 27
Chapter 4 Nondestructive Deftection Testing 39
4.1 Introduction 39
4.2 Types of NDT Equipment 40
4.3 Factors Affecting Deflection Values 48
4.4 Uses of NDT at Different Levels of Pavement Management 58
4.5 Design of NDT Field Survey 61
viii I Contents
Chapter 5 Roughness Measurement 65
5.1 Background and Definition 65
5.2 Profile-Roughness Measuring Systems 67
5.3 Vehicular Response-Roughness Measuring Systems 84
Chapter 6 Skid Resistance Measurement 90
6.1 Introduction and Definitions 90
6.2 Factors Affecting Skid Resistance and Hydroplaning 91
6.3 Friction Measurement Methods 97
6.4 Friction Survey Procedures 105
6.5 M & R Alternatives for Solving Skid Problems 106
Chapter 7 Pavement Condition Prediction Models 112
7.1 Uses of Prediction Models 112
7.2 Techniques for Developing Prediction Models 113
7.3 Prediction Models Used in Micro PAVER 125
Chapter 8 Overview of Maintenance and Rehabilitation Techniques 131
8.1 Localized M & R 131
8.2 Global M & R 140
8.3 Major M & R 146
Chapter 9 Network Level Management 156
9. 1 Pavement Inventory and Condition at Last Inspection 156
9.2 Condition Forecasting 157
9.3 Budget Forecasting 158
9.4 Localized M & R Program 160
9.5 Development of Annual and Long-Range Work Plans 160
9.6 PMS/GIS Interface 177
Chapter 10 Project Level Management 180
10.1 Background Data Collection 180
10.2 Pavement Evaluation 194
10.3 Life-Cyc1e Cost Analysis 204
10.4 Example Project Analysis 206
Appendices 225
Appendix A Blank Field Survey Sheets 225
Appendix B Asphalt Concrete Roads: Distress Definitions and 233
Deduct Value Curves
Appendix C Portland Cement Concrete Roads: Distress Definitions 285
and Deduct Value Curves
Contents / ix
Appendix D Asphalt Concrete Airfields: Distress Definitions and 333
Deduct Value Curves
Appendix E Portland Cement Concrete Airfields: Distress Definitions 379
and Deduct Value Curves
Appendix F Unsurfaced Roads: Distress Definitions and Deduct 421
Value Curves
Appendix G International Roughness Index Calculation Procedure 441
Index 445
Preface
Pavements need to be managed, notsimply maintained. Although it is difficult
to change the way we do business, it will be more difficult to explain to future
generations how we failed to manage our resources and preserve our pavement
infrastructure. When asked for reasons why they did not use the latest in pavement
management technology, pavement managers gave many answers.
"The only time 1 have is spent fighting fires."
"We nonnally use a 2 inch overlay."
"Just spray the pavement black at the end of the year."
"I can't afford to do inspections; I'd rather use the money to fix the pavement."
Managers and engineers who have adopted pavement technology understand
that pavement management is a matter of . . .
"Pay now, or pay much more later."
Agencies are finding that they cannot afford to pay later; it is more costly to
rehabilitate badly deteriorated pavements. Unfortunately, the pavement infra
structure managed by some agencies is at a point where a large sum of money
will be needed for restoration. Agencies blessed with a good pavement infrastruc
ture need to start a pavement management system as soon as possible. They
need to: inventory the pavement infrastructure, assess its current and projected
condition, determine budget needs to maintain the pavement condition above an
acceptable level, identify work requirements, prioritize projects, and optimize
spending of maintenance {unds. The primary objective of this book is to present
pavement management technology to engineering consultants, highway and air
port agencies, and universities.
xi
Acknowledgements
A significant amount of infonnation in this book is based on work perfonned
by the author as a private consultant and as a principal investigator for the
V.S. Anny Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (VSACERL). The
pavement management research at VSACERL, which has been in progress since
the early 1970s, has been sponsored and funded by several agencies. Without
their support, the work would not have been possible: American Public Works
Association (APW A); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA); V.S. Air Force Engineering and Services Center
(AFESC); V.S. Anny Corps of Engineers (VSACOE); and V.S. Navy.
Special thanks is due to the VSACERL organization for providing an ideal
atmosphere for innovation and the encouragement to be at the cutting edge of
technology.
Acknowledgment is due to the following equipment manufacturers who pro
vided photographs and infonnation as requested: Bison Instruments, Inc., Minne
apolis, MN; Dynatest Corporation, Ojai, CA; Face Construction Technologies,
Inc., Norfolk, VA; Fujitsu Personal Systems, Inc., Santa Clara, CA; Geo-Log,
Inc., Granbury, TX; Humble Equipment Company Inc., Ruston, LA; K.J. Law
Engineers, Inc., Novi, MI; KVAB AB, Ratvick, Sweden; Micro-Sher Inc.,
Arlington, TX; Rainhart Co., Austin, TX; Roadway Corporation, Paris, Ontario,
Canada; RST Sweden, Stockholm; SAAB Scania of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
Acknowledgment is also provided to the foUowing consultants for providing
illustrations as requested: Engineering and Research International, Savoy, IL;
APR Consultants, Inc., Medway, OH.
Thanks is due to Mr. Jim Hall, V.S. Anny Waterways Experiment Station;
Mr. Bob Eaton, V.S. Anny Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory;
Mr. Stuart Millard, V.S. Air Force Engineering and Services Center; and Mr.
Tom Yager, National Aeronautics and Space Administration for providing helpful
material for the book.
xiii