Pathophysiology of Disease

252 Pages·2014·3.05 MB·english

by  Yeong Kwok

Pathophysiology of Disease Flashcards
Edited by
Yeong Kwok, MD, Stephen J. McPhee, MD,
Gary D. Hammer, MD, PhD
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor & University of California, San Francisco
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Contents
13. Pneumonia 13A-B
GENETIC DISEASE
14. Diarrhea, Infectious 14A-B
1. Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1A-B
15. Sepsis, Sepsis Syndrome, Septic Shock 15A-B
2. Phenylketonuria 2A-B
3. Fragile X–Associated Mental Retardation 3A-B NEOPLASIA
4. Mitochondrial Disorders: Leber Hereditary
Optic Neuropathy/Mitochondrial Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) 16A-B
Encephalopathy with Ragged 17. Colon Carcinoma 17A-B
Red Fibers (LHON/MERRF) 4A-B 18. Breast Cancer 18A-B
5. Down Syndrome 5A-B 19. Testicular Carcinoma 19A-B
20. Osteosarcoma 20A-B
DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
21. Lymphoma 21A-B
6. Allergic Rhinitis 6A-B
22. Leukemia 22A-B
7. Severe Combined Immunodefifi ciency Disease 7A-B
8. X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia 8A-B BLOOD DISORDERS
9. Common Variable Immunodefifi ciency 9A-B 23. Iron Defifi ciency Anemia 23A-B
10. Acquired Immunodefificiency Syndrome (AIDS) 10A-B 24. Vitamin B Defificiency/Pernicious Anemia 24A-B
12
25. Cyclic Neutropenia 25A-B
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
26. Immune ThTh rombocytopenic Purpura 26A-B
11. Infective Endocarditis 11A-B
27. Hypercoagulable States 27A-B
12. Meningitis 12A-B
45. Restrictive Lung Disease: Idiopathic
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Pulmonary Fibrosis 45A-B
28. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
46. Pulmonary Edema 46A-B
(Motor Neuron Disease) 28A-B
47. Pulmonary Embolism 47A-B
29. Parkinson Disease 29A-B
48. Acute Respiratory Distress
30. Myasthenia Gravis 30A-B
Syndrome (ARDS) 48A-B
31. Dementia 31A-B
32. Epilepsy 32A-B
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS:
33. Stroke 33A-B
HEART DISEASE
DISEASES OF THE SKIN 49. Arrhythmia 49A-B
34. Psoriasis 34A-B 50. Heart Failure 50A-B
35. Lichen Planus 35A-B 51. Valvular Heart Disease: Aortic Stenosis 51A-B
36. Erythema Multiforme 36A-B 52. Valvular Heart Disease: Aortic Regurgitation 52A-B
37. Bullous Pemphigoid 37A-B 53. Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis 53A-B
38. Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis 38A-B 54. Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation 54A-B
39. Poison Ivy/Oak 39A-B 55. Coronary Artery Disease 55A-B
40. Erythema Nodosum 40A-B 56. Pericarditis 56A-B
41. Sarcoidosis 41A-B 57. Pericardial Effffffusion with Tamponade 57A-B
42. Acne 42A-B
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS:
PULMONARY DISEASE VASCULAR DISEASE
43. Obstructive Lung Disease: Asthma 43A-B 5 8. Atherosclerosis 58A-B
44. Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive 59. Hypertension 59A-B
Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 44A-B 60. Shock 60A-B
DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA RENAL DISEASE
61. Pheochromocytoma 61A-B 78. Acute Kidney Injury: Acute Tubular Necrosis 78A-B
79. Chronic Kidney Disease 79A-B
GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE 80. Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis 80A-B
62. Achalasia 62A-B 81. Nephrotic Syndrome: Minimal Change Disease 81A-B
63. Reflflux Esophagitis 63A-B 82. Renal Stone Disease 82A-B
64. Acid-Peptic Disease 64A-B
65. Gastroparesis 65A-B DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROIDS &
66. Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis 66A-B CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM
67. Diarrhea, Non-Infectious 67A-B 83. Primary Hyperparathyroidism 83A-B
68. Inflfl ammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn Disease 68A-B 84. Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia 84A-B
69. Diverticular Disease (Diverticulosis) 69A-B 85. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy 85A-B
70. Irritable Bowel Syndrome 70A-B 86. Hypoparathyroidism and
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 86A-B
LIVER DISEASE 87. Medullary Carcinoma of the ThTh yroid 87A-B
71. Acute Hepatitis 71A-B 88. Osteoporosis 88A-B
72. Chronic Hepatitis B 72A-B 89. Osteomalacia 89A-B
73. Cirrhosis 73A-B
DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE
DISORDERS OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS PANCREAS
74. Acute Pancreatitis 74A-B 90. Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetic Ketoacidosis 90A-B
75. Chronic Pancreatitis 75A-B 9 1. Insulinoma 91A-B
76. Pancreatic Insuffiffi ciency 76A-B 92. Glucagonoma 92A-B
77. Carcinoma of the Pancreas 77A-B 93. Somatostatinoma 93A-B
108. Type 4 Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism 108A-B
DISORDERS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
109. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 109A-B
& PITUITARY GLAND
94. Obesity 94A-B DISORDERS OF THE FEMALE
95. Pituitary Adenoma 95A-B REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
96. Panhypopituitarism 96A-B 110. Menstrual Disorders: Dysmenorrhea 110A-B
97. Diabetes Insipidus 97A-B 111. Female Infertility 111A-B
98. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic 112. Preeclampsia-Eclampsia 112A-B
Hormone Secretion (SIADH) 98A-B
DISORDERS OF THE MALE
THYROID DISEASE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
99. Hyperthyroidism 99A-B 113. Male Infertility 113A-B
100. Hypothyroidism 100A-B 114. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 114A-B
101. Goiter 101A-B
102. ThThTh yroid Nodule and Neoplasm 102A-B INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC
103. Familial Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia 103A-B DISEASES
115. Gout 115A-B
DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX 116. Vasculitis 116A-B
104. Cushing Syndrome 104A-B 117. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 117A-B
105. Adrenal “Incidentaloma” 105A-B 118. Sjögren Syndrome 118A-B
106. Adrenocortical Insuffiffi ciency 106A-B 119. Myositis 119A-B
107. Hyperaldosteronism (Primary Aldosteronism) 107A-B 120. Rheumatoid Arthritis 120A-B
Preface
Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine • Concise, consistent, and readable format, organized in a way
is the leading pathophysiology textbook, providing comprehen- that allows for quick study
sive coverage of the pathophysiologic basis of disease. ThThese • Medical, nursing and pharmacy students, physician’s
Pathophysiology of Disease Flashcards provide study aids for assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) in training
120 of the most common topics germane to medical practice. will fifi nd their clear organization and brevity useful
ThTheFlashcards provide key questions regarding the topics for a
Organization
quick review and study aid for a variety of standardized exami-
ThThe 120 topics in theFlashcardswere selected as core topics be-
nations. As such, they will be very useful to medical, nursing,
cause of their relevance to both clinical practitioners and learn-
and pharmacy students. Each of the Flashcards begins with a
ers in order to enable understanding of the pathophysiologic ba-
clinical case and then presents key questions to help the reader
sis of common diseases. ThTh ere is one Flashcarddfor each topic. At
think in a step-wise fashion through the various pathophysi-
the top of the front side, a CASE is presented. On the bottom of
ologic aspects of the case. the front side and on the back side, 3 key Questions are listed in
Outstanding Features reference to the pathophysiology of the clinical entity illustrated
• 120 common pathophysiology topics useful to learners by the case. To allow the user to think through their responses,
in their preparation for a variety of course and certifying the Answersto the 3 questions are printed upside down.
examinations ThThe questions asked on theseFlashcardshelp develop the
• Material drawn from the expert source,Pathophysiology of learner’s knowledge of the pathophysiology associated with
Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, now in its new the disorder and thus support their clinical problem- solving
7th edition skills regarding such cases. ThThese Flashcards follow the
organization off Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Intended Audience
Clinical Medicine, 7th edition which is organized by 23 disease Medical students will fifind theseFlashcardsto be useful as they
categories: prepare for their Pathophysiology or Introduction to Clinical
• GENETIC • IMMUNE SYSTEM Medicine course examinations, and the USMLE Part 1 exami-
• INFECTIONS • NEOPLASMS nation. Nursing and pharmacy students, NPs and PAs taking
• BLOOD • NERVOUS SYSTEM their internal medicine rotations can review core topics as they
• SKIN • PULMONARY DISEASE prepare for their standardized examinations.
• HEART DISEASE • VASCULAR DISEASE
Yeong Kwok, MD
• ADRENAL MEDULLA • GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Ann Arbor, Michigan
•LIVER • EXOCRINE PANCREAS
• RENAL • ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
Stephen J. McPhee, MD
• HYPOTHALAMUS & PITUITARY • THYROID
San Francisco, California
• ADRENAL CORTEX • MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
• FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT • INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC Gary D. Hammer, MD, PhD
• PARATHYROID, CALCIUM DISEASES Ann Arbor, Michigan
& PHOSPHORUS March 2014
1
Osteogenesis Imperfecta, A
A 4-week-old boy is brought in with pain and swelling of and right clavicle—which had been attributed to birth
the right thigh. An x-ray fifilm reveals an acute fracture of the trauma. ThTh e family history is notable for bone problems in
right femur. Que stioning of the mother reveals that the boy several family members. A diagnosis of type II osteogenesis
was born with two other known fractures—leftft humerus imperfecta is entertained.
1. When and how does type II osteogenesis imperfecta present? To what do these
individuals succumb?
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eussit evitcennoc ynobnon fo ytiligarf desaercni latanerp yb desongaid( htrib erofeb neve ro ta stneserp
dna ,seitimrofed ynob ,serutcarf elpitlum era ereThTh • II epyt ,atcefrepmi sisenegoetso fo sepyt ruof eht fO •
2. What are two typical radiologic fifindings in type II osteogenesis imperfecta?
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sbir eht fo ecnaraeppa dedaeB • eht ni noitazilarenim fo ”sdnalsi“ detalosi fo ecneserP •