Pathology of the aging human nervous system PDF
Preview Pathology of the aging human nervous system
Pathology of the Aging Human Nervous System This page intentionally left blank Pathology of the Aging Human Nervous System SECOND EDITION Edited by SERGE DUCKETT, M.D. (Univ. Paris), Ph.D. (Univ. London), Dr. es Sciences (Univ. Paris) Emeritus Professor of Neuropathology and Emeritus Associate Professor of Pathology Jefferson Medical College of the Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Invited Professor Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle Hopital de la Salpetriere, Universite de Paris VI Paris, France J. C. DE LA TORRE, M.D. (Univ. Madrid), Ph.D. (Univ. Geneva) Visiting Professor of Neuroscience University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, USA OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2001 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2001 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pathology of the aging human nervous system / edited by Serge Duckett, J. C. de la Torre.—2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513069-3 (cloth) 1. Geriatric neurology. 2. Nervous system—Diseases—Age factors. I. Duckett, Serge. II. De La Torre, J. C. (Jack C.), 1937- [DNLM: 1. Nervous System Diseases—Aged. 2. Aging. 3. Nervous System—pathology—Aged. WL 102 P197 2001] RC346 .P34 2001 618.97'68—dc21 00-044082 The science of medicine is a rapidly changing field. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy do occur. The author and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is accurate and complete, and in accordance with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in light of the possibility of human error or changes in the practice of medicine, neither the author, nor the publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information con- tained herein is in every respect accurate or complete. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other reliable sources, and are strongly advised to check the product information sheet provided by the pharmaceutical company for each drug they plan to administer. 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Henry M. Wisniewski E. P. Richardson, Jr. This book is dedicated to the masters of our trade, past and present, who con- tributed and are contributing to the topic of geriatric neuropathology: Alois Alz- heimer, Franz Nissl, Walther Spielmeyer, William McMenemey, Sam Nevin, Richard G. Berry, Robert D. Terry, Serge Brion, and so many others. In fact, through presentations, discussions, and conversations with highly esteemed col- leagues, all neuropathologists have contributed to our knowledge concerning this sometimes difficult topic. Two such colleagues left us last year: E. P. Richardson, Jr. and Henry Wisniewski. Another, Jean Lapresle, died a few days ago, Decem- ber 9, 2000. We admired the quality of their work, and we liked them because they were gentlemanly, available, and kind. Their accomplishments and biographies have been voiced eloquently in the medical press. (Terry RD. In Memoriam. Henry M. Wisniewski. (1931-1999). J Neuropath Exp Nenrol 2000: 59 (1): 86-87) (DeGirolami U, Louis DV, Schoene WC, Vonsattel J-P, Hedley-Whyte T. In Memoriam. Edward Peirson Richardson, Jr. (1918-1998). / Neuropath Exp Neurol 1999: 58,506-507.) This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments We thank the members of our Senior Editorial Board for their availability, com- ments, and suggestions and for their contributions to our discipline. They are, in alphabetical order: Raymond Adams Ellsworth Alvord, Jr. Richard G. Berry Serge Brion John B. Cavanagh C. J. Gibbs, Jr. Jean Lapresle William Mair Reinhart Friede Robert D. Terry Lord Walton of Detchant Peter O. Yates Wolfgang Zeman We also thank Lauren M. Enck, Senior Editor, Clinical Medicine; Susan Hannan, Manager, Editing, Design & Production, Medicine; Laura T. Mitchell, Editorial Assistant; and Nancy Wolitzer, Senior Production Editor, Medicine of Oxford University Press, for their help, advice, and patience; and Shirley Sadak, for her spirited and continual availability, We also thank Professors J. J. Hauw and C. Duyckaert, Dr. D. Seilhan, Mrs. Claire Barnwell, Pierre and Caroline Bourgie, and Peter Eck for their support, criticism, and advice. This page intentionally left blank Foreword LORD WALTON OF DETCHANT Kt, TD, MA, MD, DSc, FRCP, FMedSci Partly as a result of major advances in medicine in the 20th century, but also as a consequence of improving social circumstances in many, but not all, parts of the world, longevity in the human population is increasing steadily. Consequently, those diseases and afflictions that are particularly prevalent in the elderly are becoming more common and are presenting increasing problems to health care systems across the world. With greater and more precise understanding of the pathological, biochemical, and biological processes involved, the prospect of new forms of treatment to assuage the most dire effects of these diseases, and even in some cases to effect a cure, are becoming more practicable. In particular, developments of stem cell research and techniques of nuclear replacement, only recently approved in principle by the United Kingdom Parliament, carry out- standing prospects for the eventual amelioration of some of the worst effects of neurological disorders in the elderly. The first edition of this book, edited by Serge Duckett and Jack de la Torre, was warmly welcomed by reviewers and by neurologists and neuropathologists around the world. I believe that this second edition, substantially modified and brought up to date, will be equally, if not even more, welcome. The concept and the structure of the book are admirable; the illustrations, as one would expect, are outstanding; and the coverage of the topics listed in the table of contents is comprehensive and complete. Normal aging, molecular biology, and functional imaging are considered at the outset, and subsequent chapters deal in depth with vascular diseases, basic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, the dementias, and with many of the progressive and as yet incurable degenerative disorders of the nervous system. The effects of malnutrition and alcoholism are reviewed, as are malignant diseases and neurometabolic disorders, while immunology, trauma, infection, and drug toxicity, as well as forensic neuropathology, are all handled by a distinguished team of expert authors. And, speaking as one who spent much of his professional lifetime in the investigation of neuromuscular disease, I was glad to note that disorders of peripheral nerves and of skeletal muscles are fully covered. I am happy to recommend this outstanding volume to a wide audience of neurologists, geriatricians, and neuropathologists; indeed, physicians in all spe- cialties may find much of interest to them within its pages. I am confident that this second edition of an outstanding and distinguished textbook is assured of success. ix
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